Mohsen Hashtroodi (Hachtroudi) ( fa, محسن هشترودی; also

romanized Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Latin script, Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing writ ...

as Mohsen Hashtrūdi; December 13, 1908,

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quru River valley in Iran's historic Azerbaijan region between long ridges of vo ...

– September 4, 1976,

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the Capital city, capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is th ...

) was a prominent

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...

, known as "Professor Hashtroodi (Hashtroudi)". His father, Shaikh Esmāeel Mojtahed was an advisor to Shaikh Mohammad Khiābāni, who played a significant role in the establishment of the

parliamentary democracy A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...

during and after the

Iranian Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...

. Mohsen Hashtroodi attended ''Sirus'' and ''Aghdasieh'' primary schools in Tehran and subsequently studied at the élite school of '' Dar ol-Fonoon'', also in Tehran, from where he graduated in 1925. He obtained his doctoral degree in mathematics in 1936 as student of

Élie Cartan Élie Joseph Cartan (; 9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups, differential systems (coordinate-free geometric formulation of PDEs), and differential geometry ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...

. His doctoral dissertation (''Sur les espaces d'éléments à connexion projective normale'') was on differential geometry. By significantly generalizing the work of Cartan to the case of hypersurfaces in ℝⁿ, he constructed a projective connection used in studying systems of differential equations known as the ''Hachtroudi Connection''. His subsequent research involved using intrinsically defined affine and Weylian connections to study the invariants of differential systems relative to different groups of transformations. He was a Distinguished Professor at

University of Tabriz The University of Tabriz ( fa, دانشگاه تبريز, ''Danushgah-e Tebriz'') is a public university located in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan with the fundamental aim of creating a center of excellence in higher education and research. It is one ...

and

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

. One of the Prizes of

Iranian Mathematical Society The Iranian Mathematical Society (IMS) is the main mathematical society in Iran. It was officially registered in 1971 by Professor Mehdi Behzad, who was the first president of IMS. The current president of IMS is Professor Mohammad Sal Moslehia ...

is named after Professor Hashtroodi.Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society
Prizes
Mohsen Hashtroodi married Robāb Modiri in 1944. They had two daughters, Farānak and Faribā, and one son, Rāmin. Professor Hashtroodi is buried in the

Behesht-e Zahra Behesht-e Zahra ( fa, بهشت زهرا, lit. ''The Paradise of Zahra'', from Fatima az-Zahra) is the largest cemetery in Iran. Located in the southern part of metropolitan Tehran, it is connected to the city by Tehran Metro Line 1. History I ...

cemetery in Tehran.

Notes and references

Hachtroudi, Mohsen (1937
Les espaces d'éléments à connexion projective normale.
Thèse de doctorat, Université de Paris.

Notes and references

University of Paris alumni University of Tehran faculty University of Tabriz faculty Presidents of the University of Tabriz 1908 births 1976 deaths Burials at Behesht-e Zahra 20th-century Iranian mathematicians Iranian expatriates in France Poets from Tabriz {{asia-mathematician-stub