Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi (), distinguished Professor of

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (UT) or Tehran University (, ) is a public collegiate university in Iran, and the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as ...

, was an

Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...

Literary researcher and author. He was born in

Mashhad Mashhad ( ; ), historically also known as Mashad, Meshhed, or Meshed in English, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. ...

, Razavi Khorasan Province,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

on March 18, 1896, and died on November 19, 1986, in

Tehran Tehran (; , ''Tehrân'') is the capital and largest city of Iran. It is the capital of Tehran province, and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District (Tehran County), Central District. With a population of around 9. ...

. He was one of the teachers in

Astan Quds Razavi Astan Quds Razavi () is a bonyad based at Mashhad, Iran. It is the administrative organization which manages the Imam Reza shrine and various institutions which belong to the organization. The administrative apparatus of Astan Quds Razavi is con ...

and taught there for many years like his father Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi. In 1927, he joined the

Ministry of Culture Ministry of Culture may refer to: * Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania) * Ministry of Culture (Algeria) * Ministry of Culture (Argentina) * Minister for the Arts (Australia) * Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan)Ministry o ...

and taught literary sciences in

and

. At the beginning of the establishment of the

, he was elected as professor and taught in the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies and Faculty of Letters and Humanities there until he retired. In 1976, he chosen as distinguished professor at the University of Tehran.

Genealogy and life

Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi was born in

, Razavi Khorasan Province,

on March 18, 1896. His last name "Modarres" (means teacher in

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

) was related to teaching position of his family on

, which was inherited from father to son in the family since the reign of

Nader Shah Afshar Nader Shah Afshar (; 6 August 1698 or 22 October 1688 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Afsharid Iran, Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in History of Iran, Iranian history, ruling as List of monarchs of Per ...

. The word "Razavi" in his family name is also due to his ancestral relationship with

Ali al-Ridha Ali al-Rida (, 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the eighth imam in Twelver Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Musa al-Kazim. He is also part of th ...

. The genealogy of his family series is in the book "Shajareye Tayyebeh" written by Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi (his father) and this book has been republished with additions and comments by Mohammad Taghi. Mohammad Taghi's father, Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi, was born on 18 December 1853 and died on 12 July 1924 and buried in the

Imam Reza Shrine The Imam Reza shrine (; ) is a Shi'ite shrine, imamzadeh and mausoleum complex, located in Mashhad, in the province of Razavi Khorasan, Iran. The shrine contains the grave of Ali al-Rida, who is regarded as the eighth Imam in Shia Islam. Als ...

. Mohammad Taghi's father was a well-known man and famous people like

Badiozzaman Forouzanfar Badiozzaman Forouzanfar or Badi'ozzamān Forūzānfar (, also as "Badiʿ al-Zamān Furūzānfar"; born 12 July 1904 in Boshrooyeh, Ferdows County – died 6 May 1970 in Tehran, born ''Ziyaa' Boshrooye-i'' ) was a scholar of Persian literat ...

chanted at his funeral. Mohammad Taghi's father, Mirza Mohammad Baqir, was a teacher of

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ) is the term for Islamic jurisprudence.Fiqh
Encyclopædia Britannica ''Fiqh'' is of ...

and jurisprudence and did his teaching with interest and order. His class was less closed, scholars also attended his classes eagerly, and his field of study was one of the most populous in

Educations and careers

Mohammad Taghi had already learned

and

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

in childhood, so at the beginning he was accepted in the fourth grade of "Rahimieh" elementary school in

and was soon promoted to the fifth and sixth grades, and reached the seventh grade, which was the last school grade of that era. Because he inherited teaching from his father and learned the lessons well, when he was in the sixth grade, he taught arithmetic, Persian, syntax and grammar to the third grade students. Literary lessons were mostly taught in these schools and there were excellent teachers such as Adib Bojnourdi. A few years later, Mohammad Taghi attended Adib Bojnourdi's class and learned

Theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

from him. As no higher class was opened in "Rahimieh" School, Mohammad Taghi left the school and began to search for literature teachers, finally he went to "Navvab" School in Mashhad. There he became a student of Abdul Javad Adib Neyshabouri who accepted the enthusiastic new student. After continuing his education at Nawab School, he became master in

Arabic prosody (, ) or () is the study of poetic meters, which identifies the meter of a poem and determines whether the meter is sound or broken in lines of the poem. It is often called the ''Science of Poetry'' (, ). Its laws were laid down by Al-Khalīl i ...

and wrote several books in this field. Copies of his books on this subject are available in

's library. Mohammad Taghi also studied

algebra Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic ope ...

geometry Geometry (; ) is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. Geometry is, along with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A mathematician w ...

and four articles of

Euclid Euclid (; ; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the '' Elements'' treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely domina ...

with Mirza Abdul Rahman Modarres, a well-known teacher at the time. While the famous scientist Seyed Hassan Meshkan Tabasi was in Mashhad, Mohammad Taghi studied the description of the poem with him for two months. After being watered from the source of literature and mathematics, Mohammad Taghi turned to learning the science of religion and learned jurisprudence and laws in

Islamic Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

principles from his father. After that, he turned to

philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

and learned it from Mirza Askari who considered as one of the great men of wisdom and philosophy in

Khorasan Province Khorasan ( ; also transcribed as Khurasan, Xorasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian Empire, Parthian times, was a Provinces of Iran, province in northeastern Iran until September 2004, when it was divided in ...

. He studied

French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

with the encouragement of his father and traveled to

in 1959 with his father's permission. In Tehran, he became a student of Mirza Mohammad Taher Tonekaboni and studied

The Book of Healing ''The Book of Healing'' (; ; also known as ) is a scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by Abu Ali ibn Sīna (also known as Avicenna). He most likely began to compose the book in 1014, completed it around 1020, and published it in ...

and

The Canon of Medicine ''The Canon of Medicine'' () is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Avicenna (, ibn Sina) and completed in 1025. It is among the most influential works of its time. It presents an overview of the contemporary medical knowle ...

Avicenna Ibn Sina ( – 22 June 1037), commonly known in the West as Avicenna ( ), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian peoples, Iranian ...

with him and became a master in this field too. After that, to complete the French language skills and use the books of that language, he went to the French Alliance School and succeeded to learn French completely. After three years and a few months, he left

for

, and after his father's death in 1924, he was given his position of teaching at

, and he began teaching students in the fields he had learned before. Shortly afterwards, Mohammad Taghi was appointed by minister of time Mohammad Tadayon to teach at the "Danesh" School in

, which was the first high school in the city. After five years of teaching there, he came to Tehran and was appointed as a teacher and supervisor at

Shahid Motahari University Shahid Motahari University (Persian: ) was built in 1879 by Mirza Hosein Sepahsalar (Persian: میرزا حسین سهپسالار). The university is located in Baharestan square in Tehran, Iran. After the revolution in 1979, Ayatollah Emami ...

. At the same time, he taught Persian language in several schools includes Dar ul-Funun, Elmiyeh, Sherafat, and Marefat. In 1938, Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi was appointed by minister of time

Ali-Asghar Hekmat Ali-Asghar Hekmat-e Shirazi (; 16 June 1892 – 25 August 1980), or Mirza Ali-Asghar Khan-e Hekmat-e Shirazi (), was an Iranian politician, diplomat and author who served as the Iranian minister of foreign affairs, minister of justice, and minis ...

as Internal manager and teacher of Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of

. Shortly afterwards, at the beginning of

Esmail Merat Esmail Merat (‎; March 7, 1893 – December 18, 1949) was Iran's minister of education during Reza Shah's reign. He is the founder of some faculties of university of Tehran, including the law and technical faculties. He has also founded the ...

ministry, the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies dissolved, so Mohammad Taghi was transferred to the Faculty of Literatures and Humanities of the University of Tehran. At the same time, by order of the

Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...

, he collaborated in preparation of

Dehkhoda Dictionary The ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'' or ''Dehkhoda Lexicon'' ( or ) is the largest comprehensive Persian encyclopedic dictionary ever published, comprising 200 volumes. It is published by the Tehran University Press (UTP) under the supervision of the ...

and was engaged in this activity for two years. Until 1949, he served as teacher in

, after which they gave him the rank of professor because he had ten years of teaching experience at the university. In May 1965, he retired but taught for two more years. In February 1977, he was awarded the title of Distinguished Professor by the University of Tehran.

Death

He died on November 19, 1986, at the age of 91.

Bibliography

* Ahval va Asare Khajeh Nasir al-Dine Toosi (title means ''Biography and works of

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (1201 – 1274), also known as Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (; ) or simply as (al-)Tusi, was a Persians, Persian polymath, architect, Early Islamic philosophy, philosopher, Islamic medicine, phy ...

'') * Tarikhe Rejale Khorasan (title means ''History of

Khorasan KhorasanDabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 (; , ) is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plateau in West and Central Asia that encompasses western and no ...

men'') * Tarikhe Mashhad-e Razavi (title means ''History of

Razavi'') * Realeh ee dar Elme Orooz (title means ''A treatise on the

'') * Salshomare Vaqayeh-e Mashhad dar Gharnhaye Panjom ta Sizdahom (title means ''Calendar of events in

in the fifth to thirteenth centuries AH'') * Al-Allameh al-Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Toosi: Hayat va Asareh (in

) (title means ''Dignitary

: Life and Works'') * Yadboude Haftsadomin Sale Khajeh Nasire Toosi (title means ''Commemoration of the seven hundredth year of Khajeh Nasir Tusi'') * Mashhad dar Aghaze Qarne Chehardahe Khorshidi (title means ''

at the beginning of the fourteenth solar century'')

Textual criticism

Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi has made many efforts to correct, revive and reprint old

books. Some of his works in this field are: * Shajareye Tayyebeh dar Ansabe Selseleye Saadaate Alavieh Razavieh by Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi (title means ''Pure family tree in the lineage of

Sadat Sadat () is a suffix, which is given to families believed to be descendants of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. In Iran, after the revolution, it is mandatory to mention "Seyed" or "Sadat" in the names of or whose descent from Muhammad has been men ...

Alawieh Razavieh dynasty'') * Divan-e Hakim Abul Majde Majdud Ibne Adame Sanayi Ghaznavi (title means '' Diwan of

Sanai Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (), more commonly known as Sanai, was a poet from Ghazni. He lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire which is now located in Afghanistan (At that time, Ghazni was considered part of the cultura ...

'') * Hadiaq al Haqiqah va Shari al Tariqah by

(title means '' The Walled Garden of Truth and

Sharia Sharia, Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah () is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on Islamic holy books, scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran, Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology ''sharīʿah'' ...

of the way'') * Taliqate Hadiqat al Haqiqa (title means ''Suspensions of The Walled Garden of Truth'') * Montakhabe Hadiaq al Haqiqah va Shari al Tariqah (title means ''The selection of The Walled Garden of Truth and

of the way'') * Masnavihaye Hakim Sanayi: Be Enzemame Sharhe Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad (title means '' Masnavis of Hakim

: including description of the Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad'') * Al-Majam fi al-Ma'ayir-e al-Ash'ar-e al-Ajam by Shams Gheis Razi (title means ''Lexicon in the standards of

poetry'') * Tarikhe Bokhara by Mohammad Ibn Jafar Narshakhi (title means ''History of

Bukhara Bukhara ( ) is the List of cities in Uzbekistan, seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents . It is the capital of Bukhara Region. People have inhabited the region around Bukhara for at least five millennia, and t ...

'') * Asas al Eqtebas by

(title means ''The basis of the derivation'') * Divane Anvari by

Anvari Anvari (1126–1189), full name Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani or Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mahmud () was a Persian poet. Anvarī was born in Abivard (now in Turkmenistan) and died in Balkh, Khorāsān (now in Afghanistan).''Encyclopædi ...

(title means '' Diwan of

'') * Sharhe Moshkelate Divane Anvari by Abu al-Hassan Hosseini Farahani (title means ''Explain difficult texts of Diwan of

'') * Divane Seyyed Hassan Ghaznavi Molaqqab be Ashraf by

Hassan Ghaznavi Ashrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi () known as Ashraf (اشرف) was a 12th-century Persian poet. A sayyid, he boasted of his lineage from the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in his poetry. Originating from Ghaz ...

(title means '' Diwan of

Sayyid ''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer ...

Nicknamed Ashraf'') * Tarjomeye Mizan al Kekmat by

Al-Khazini Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini (, flourished 1115–1130) was an Iranian astronomer, mechanician and physicist of Byzantine Greek origin who lived during the Seljuk Empire. His astronomical tables, written ...

(title means ''Translation of the balance of wisdom'') * Resaleye Asare Alavi by

Al-Isfizari Abū Ḥātim al-Muẓaffar al-Isfazārī (; fl. late 11th or early 12th century) was an Islamic mathematician, astronomer and engineer from Khurasan. According to the historian and geographer Ibn al-Athir and the polymath Qutb al-Din al-Shi ...

(title means ''A treatise on Atmospheric phenomena'') * Majmooeh Resaele Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi (title means ''

's collection of essays'') * Mojmal al-Tavarikh by Abu al-Hassan Ibn Mohammad Amin Golestaneh (title means ''The

Compendium A compendium ( compendia or compendiums) is a comprehensive collection of information and analysis pertaining to a body of knowledge. A compendium may concisely summarize a larger work. In most cases, the body of knowledge will concern a specific ...

of Histories'') * Tansoukh Nameye Ilkhani by

(title means ''Rarity epistle (about jewelry and perfumes) of

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (), and known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (). The Ilkhanid realm was officially known ...

'') * Karnameye Balkh by

(title means '' The workbook of Balkh'') * Resaleye Bist Bab dar Marefate Ostorlab by

(title means ''Twenty-chapter treatise on the knowledge of

astrolabe An astrolabe (; ; ) is an astronomy, astronomical list of astronomical instruments, instrument dating to ancient times. It serves as a star chart and Model#Physical model, physical model of the visible celestial sphere, half-dome of the sky. It ...

'')

References

External links

Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi on IdRef

NEWLY-FOUND POEMS OF ANVARI IN AN OLD MANUSCRIPT

A comparative study of god attributes in the hadiqat al-haqiqa
{{DEFAULTSORT:Modarres Razavi, Mohammad Taghi Academic staff of Shahid Motahari University Academic staff of the University of Tehran 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam People from Mashhad Iranian Iranologists Iranian literary scholars Scholars of Persian literature Iranian philosophy academics 1896 births 1986 deaths Iranian scholars Iranian bibliographers Iranian literary critics Iranian male writers Muslim writers