Muḥammad Mūsá Shafīq (; 1932–1979) was

Prime Minister of Afghanistan The prime minister of Afghanistan, officially the prime minister of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is the head of government of Afghanistan. The position was created in 1927 as an official appointed by the king of Afghanistan. The holder ...

for eight months. He was an Afghan politician and poet. He became

Foreign Minister In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

in 1971 and Prime Minister in December 1972. He lost both positions when Mohammed Zahir Shah was overthrown on July 17, 1973. He survived throughout the regime of Mohammed Daoud Khan, but was arrested after the 1978 communist coup d'état and executed along with many other anti-communist politicians in 1979.

Early life

Mohammad Musa Shafiq was born in Kama district, Nangarhar province, Afghanistan in 1932. Son of prominent Afghan politician, civil servant and religious leader Mawlawi Mohammad Ibraheem Kamavi.

Education

Mohammad Musa Shafiq was graduated from Kabul Arabic Religious High School. He earned his

Master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional prac ...

from

Al-Azhar University The Al-Azhar University ( ; , , ) is a public university in Cairo, Egypt. Associated with Al-Azhar Al-Sharif in Islamic Cairo, it is Egypt's oldest degree-granting university and is known as one of the most prestigious universities for Islamic ...

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

after which he earned an additional Master's degree from

Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Churc ...

in New York, United States of America.

Prime minister

As Prime Minister, Shafiq supported reforms of the largely conservative society of Afghanistan. He also sought closer ties with the United States and promised a crack-down on opium growing and smuggling. Other than that, he was also responsible for solving the then ongoing water dispute with Iran on diplomatic terms.Anderson, Jack (2 March 1973) "The Afghanistan Connection" ''The Syracuse Post-Standard'' (Syracuse, New York) page 5, column 3 Shafiq was prime Minister for seven months.

Notes

Prime ministers of Afghanistan Columbia University alumni 20th-century Afghan poets Executed prime ministers 1932 births 1979 deaths Executed Afghan people 20th-century executions by Afghanistan People from Nangarhar Province Al-Azhar University alumni Foreign ministers of Afghanistan {{Afghanistan-bio-stub