Mohammad Isnaeni ( – ) was an Indonesian politician, who served as one of the longest deputy speakers of the

People's Representative Council The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (, DPR-RI or simply DPR) is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while th ...

for four consecutive terms, from 1966 until 1982. He was a member and '' de facto'' chairman of the

Indonesian National Party The Indonesian National Party (, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until 1973. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, the new PNI supplied a number of pri ...

(PNI) until the PNI's merger into the new

Indonesian Democratic Party The Indonesian Democratic Party (, PDI) was a political party in Indonesia which existed from 1973 to 2003. During the New Order era, the PDI was one of the two state-approved parties, the other being the Islam-based United Development Part ...

(PDI), of which he was also chairman of.

Early life and education

Early life

Mohammad Isnaeni was born in

Ponorogo Ponorogo Regency (; ) is an inland Regency (Indonesia), regency () of East Java Province of Indonesia. It is considered the birthplace of Reog, Reog Ponorogo, a traditional Indonesian dance form. The regency covers an area of , and it had a popu ...

East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...

. His father was a man named Khasan Yahya, who was a religion teacher from an ''

ulama In Islam, the ''ulama'' ( ; also spelled ''ulema''; ; singular ; feminine singular , plural ) are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law. They are considered the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam. "Ulama ...

'' family in Tegalsari, Ponorogo, whose students were from Tegalsari and outside the region. His mother was a woman named Umiyati, which came from a ''

pesantren ''Pesantren'' is a traditional Islamic boarding school in Indonesia. It is taught either in private houses, a ''wiktionary:pondok, pondok'' or a mosque, the teaching includes classical Islamic texts and ''santri'' thought, taught by Kyai, ''kya ...

'' family in

Pacitan Pacitan Regency (; ) is a regency located in the southwestern corner of East Java Province, with Central Java Province on its western border. Located between 7.55° - 8.17°S and 110.55° - 111.25°E. The borders of Pacitan Regency are with Wonogi ...

. Isnaeni also had three brothers, namely Ngam, Isngat, and Istijab.

Education

Isnaeni was educated in the People's School (''Sekolah Rakyat''), in Ponorogo, graduating in 1932. After finishing his primary school, Isnaeni continued to study in the Ponorogo Junior High School from 1933 to 1936. He then attended teacher's school, graduating in 1939. Machmud 1971, p. 130

Youth

Activism

Since 1936, Isnaeni had been active in the Indonesian Youth in Jogjakarta. In the same year, he was chosen as the chairman of the students' union of the Taman Siswa branch in Mataram, Jogjakarta. His further activity led him to become one of the precursors to the establishment of the . He was elected as the chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Youth twice, in its first and second congress in October 1947 and February 1948. During his term, he established the National Youth Front, comprising the Indonesian Democratic Youth, Islamic Youth Movement of Indonesia, Christian Youth, Catholic Youth, and the Young Communist Force, rivaling the BKPRI, a similar organization which has been dominated by the Socialist Youth of Indonesia. He resigned from the post in 1954 due to his activity in the

and his post as the Head of Information Office in the Indonesian Embassy in

Peking Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city by urban area after Shanghai. It is l ...

Scouting

Isnaeni was also active in the scouting activity of Indonesia. From 1936 to 1939, he had been active as a Class I Scout in the Indonesian Nation Scouting, together with Bung Tomo. After that, he seated the Madiun branch office of the Indonesian Nation Scouting from 1940 to 1942. During his time in the office, he met Siti Juniati Waltien, who later became his future wife.

Indonesian National Revolution

During the war of independence, he joined forces with Lieutenant Colonel Soeprapto Sukowati until the Roem-Roijen agreement was reached and the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the republic.

Political career

Gerindo party

Isnaeni entered Gerindo in July 1940. Shortly after his entry, he was chosen as the branch secretary of Gerindo in

Madiun Madiun () is a city in the western part of East Java, Indonesia, known for its agricultural center. The city has been administratively separate from the surrounding Madiun Regency since the formation of the two bodies in 1950, but the city remain ...

. His position in Gerindo connected him with national political figures, such as

Wilopo Wilopo (21 October 1909 – 1 June 1981) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer. A capable administrator, he served as prime minister of Indonesia from 1952 to 1953. He also held various other positions during his career, including as Min ...

and

Adam Malik Adam Malik Batubara (22 July 1917 – 5 September 1984) was an Indonesians, Indonesian politician, diplomat, and journalist, who served as the third vice president of Indonesia from 1978 until 1983, under President Suharto. Previously, he serv ...

. He knew Adam Malik deeper due to Malik's position as the chairman of the Agitprop Department of Gerindo, and also due to Malik's frequent travel to the area. He quit the party in 1942, after the invasion of the Dutch East Indies by the

Japanese Empire The Empire of Japan, also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was the Japanese nation state that existed from the Meiji Restoration on January 3, 1868, until the Constitution of Japan took effect on May 3, 1947. From 1910 to ...

Indonesian National Party

After the independence of Indonesia, Isnaeni became active in politics again. He joined the

in February 1946, and became the delegation for the Madiun branch of the party in the 1947 PNI Congress, which was located on his branch.

1955 elections

Since 1958, Isnaeni was seated as the leading member of the Central Executive Council of PNI. On 29 June 1960, at the 9th Congress of the Indonesian National Party in Solo, Isnaeni was re-chosen as the principal member of the Central Executive Council of PNI, and at the next congress of the party in Solo in 1963, he was elected as the vice general secretary, with Surachman seated as the general secretary position. His disagreements with Surachman made him get fired from the party, along with 10 other figures from PNI. These figures later formed the Osa-Usep faction of the party in October 1964, named after the chairman and general secretary of the faction, Osa Maliki and Usep Hadisubeno. The faction was strictly anti-communist, as opposed to the communist Surachman. Surachman later found to be an

Indonesian Communist Party The Communist Party of Indonesia ( Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in ...

cadre that entered PNI to disrupt the party.

30 September incident

After the 30 September incident, PNI was "cleaned" by the government. The Surachman faction (known as Asu faction) was eliminated from the party, making the Osa-Usep faction the legitimate form of the party.

Family

Isnaeni was married to Juniati. Isnaeni met Juniati in the Indonesian Nation Scouting in Madiun. Both were married on 8 March 1942 at 9.00. At that time, the

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service The (IJNAS) was the air arm of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). The organization was responsible for the operation of naval aircraft and the conduct of aerial warfare in the Pacific War. The Japanese military acquired its first aircraft in ...

were bombarding the airfield in Maospati, Madiun, and the

Imperial Japanese Army The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...

were invading Madiun, causing the disruption of the marriage. The marriage resulted in seven children:

References

Bibliography

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Isnaeni, Mohammad 1919 births 2002 deaths People from Ponorogo Regency Indonesian National Party politicians Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 1971 Suluh Indonesia people