Mohamed Talbi
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Mohamed Talbi (), (16 September 1921 – 1 May 2017) was a Tunisian author, professor, and Islamologist.


Biography

Talbi was born in Tunis on 16 September 1921, attending school there and going on to study in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
. Talbi wrote prolifically on a wide range of topics, including the history of the medieval
Maghreb The Maghreb (; ), also known as the Arab Maghreb () and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. The Maghreb al ...
, Islam and its relationship with both
women A woman is an adult female human. Before adulthood, a female child or adolescent is referred to as a girl. Typically, women are of the female sex and inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and women with functional u ...
and
democracy Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitiv ...
, and Islam's role in the modern world. Talbi died in Tunis on 1 May 2017.


Career

Talbi spent most of his educational career teaching Mediterranean and North African history. He taught the Institute of Higher Education of Tunis. In 1966, he became the first dean of the School of Letter and Human Sciences of Tunis, as well as chairing the school's history department. He later directed the scientific journal '. In 1968, Talbi defended his Ph.D. thesis, ''The Aghlabid Emirate, a political History,'' at the Sorbonne. It was focused on Tunisia's first Muslim dynasty, addressing especially the history and key role of slavery in the Emirate’s agriculture and economy. Talbi was appointed president of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts between 2011 and 2012.


Views

On the subject of Islam and democracy, Talbi rejected any direct association between
Shura Shura () is the term for collective decision-making in Islam. It can, for example, take the form of a council or a referendum. The Quran encourages Muslims to decide their affairs in consultation with each other. Shura is mentioned as a praise ...
and democracy. He argued that ''shura'' originated before Western and Islamic concepts of democracy had even developed, and that the two were not analogous . Talbi also argued that democracy as rule by the people and notions of human rights, religious pluralism, and equality under the law, embodies values which Talbi believed constituted authentic Islam. Talbi participated in a number of
interfaith dialogue Interfaith dialogue, also known as interreligious dialogue, refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religion, religious traditions (i.e. "faiths") and/or spirituality, spiritual or humanism, hum ...
s with North African and European Christians, but also criticized the practice often. In a 1987 article, Talbi criticized the (at the time) current poverty of Muslim initiatives or even responses to Euro-Arab or Muslim-Christian dialogue. Talbi also explicitly declared Islam to be open to dialogue with other faiths and cultures. Talbi viewed Muslim-Christian dialogue as a significant religious matter.


Awards


Administrative positions

* Member of the
Real Academia de la Historia The Royal Academy of History (, RAH) is a Spanish institution in Madrid that studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, that is to say, the different branches of life, of c ...
(1970) * Member of the editorial team of the
Encyclopaedia of Islam The ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (''EI'') is a reference work that facilitates the Islamic studies, academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill Publishers, Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Muslim world, Isl ...
(1978) * Member of the Universal Academy of Cultures (1994) * President of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts (2011-2012)


Other acknowledgements

* 1979 : Premio letterario internazionale del Mediterraneo (
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
) * 1985 : The Léopold Lucas Prize (
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
) * 1987 : The Cultural National Prize (Tunisia) * 1991 : The Literature National Prize (Tunisia) * 1994 : Hiroshima Prize for Peace and Cultural (
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
) * 1997 : The Senator Giovanni Agnelli International Prize (Italy) * 2017 :
Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 Hijri year, AH) was an Arabs, Arab Islamic scholar, historian, philosopher and sociologist. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and cons ...
Award in Humanities (granted posthumously; Tunisia) * 2024 : Prix Fondation de la Maison de Tunisie (granted posthumously; Tunisia)


Bibliography


In French

* ''Al-Mukhassass d'Ibn Sïda : études et index'', ed. Imprimerie officielle, Tunis, 1956 * ''Histoire générale de la Tunisie'' (collective book), tome II « Le Moyen Âge », ed. Société tunisienne de diffusion, Tunis, 1965 * ''L'émirat aghlabide (186-296/800-909) : histoire politique'', ed. Adrien Maisonneuve, Paris, 1966 () * ''Biographies aghlabides extraites des Madarik du Cadi Iyād'' (critical edition), ed. Imprimerie officielle de la République tunisienne, Tunis, 1968 * ''Ibn Khaldûn et l'Histoire'', ed. Société tunisienne de diffusion, Tunis, 1965, republishing. Maison tunisienne de l'édition, Tunis, 1973, republishing. Cartaginoiseries, Carthage, 2006 * ''Islam en dialogue'', ed. Maison tunisienne d'édition, Tunis, 1970 * ''Islam et dialogue'', ''réflexion sur un thème d'actualité'', ed. Maison tunisienne d'édition, Tunis, 1972 * ''Étude d’histoire ifrîqiyenne et de civilisation musulmane médiévale'', ed. Université de Tunis, Tunis, 1982 * ''Réflexions sur le Coran'' (with Maurice Bucaille), ed. Seghers, Paris, 1989 () * ''Études sur la tolérance'' (collective book), ed. Beït El Hikma, Carthage, 1995 * ''Un respect têtu'' (with Olivier Clément), ed. Nouvelle Cité, Paris, 1995 () * ''Plaidoyer pour un islam moderne'', ed. Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 1998 () * ''Penseur libre en islam. Un intellectuel musulman dans la Tunisie de Ben Ali'' (with Gwendoline Jarczyk), ed. Albin Michel, Paris, 2002 () * ''Universalité du Coran'', ed. Actes Sud, Arles, 2002 () * ''Oriente-Occidente : cartografías de una distancia'' irection ed. Fondation Marcelino Botín, Santander, 2004 * ''Réflexion d'un musulman contemporain'', ed. Fennec, Casablanca, 2005 * ''Afin que mon cœur se rassure'', ed. Nirvana, Tunis, 2010 * ''Gaza, barbarie biblique ou de l'extermination sacrée et humanisme coranique'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2010 * ''L'Islam n'est pas voile, il est culte : rénovation de la pensée musulmane'', ed. Cartaginoiseries, Carthage, 2010 * ''Goulag et démocratie'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2011 * ''À Benoît XVI'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2011 * ''Ma religion c'est la liberté : l'islam et les défis de la contemporanéité'', ed. Nirvana, Tunis, 2011 () * ''Histoire du Christ. Histoire d’une fraude textes à l’appui'', s. ed., Tunis, 2011Jean Fontaine, « Recension : Talbi Mohamed, ''Histoire du Christ'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2011 (555 p.) », ''Groupe de recherche islamo-chrétien'', 20 juin 2011
* ''Méditations sur le Coran : Vérité, rationalité, I'jaz scientifique'', ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2016 * ''Dieu est amour : guide du musulman coranique'', ed. Nirvana, Tunis, 2017


In Italian

* ''Rispetto nel dialogo. Islamismo e cristianesimo'' (with Olivier Clément), éd. San Paolo, Roma, 1994 * ''Un'urgenza dei tempi modern : il dialogo fra gli universi culturali'' (with Giovanni Agnelli & Marcello Pacini), ed. Fondation Giovanni Agnelli, Turino, 1997 * ''Le vie del dialogo nell'Islam'', ed. Fondation Giovanni Agnelli, Turino, 1999 * ''Islam e libero pensiero. Laicità e democrazia nel mondo musulmano'', ed. UTET Università, Milano, 2005 * ''Università del Corano'', ed. Jaca Book, Milano, 2007


In Dutch

* ''Dialog mit Afrika und dem Islam'' (with
Léopold Sédar Senghor Léopold Sédar Senghor ( , , ; 9 October 1906 – 20 December 2001) was a Senegalese politician, cultural theorist and poet who served as the first president of Senegal from 1960 to 1980. Ideologically an African socialist, Senghor was one ...
), ed. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, 1987


In Arabic

* ''Al-Turtûshî, al Hawâdith wa-l-Bida'' (), ed. Imprimerie officielle, Tunis, 1959 * ''Tarājim Aghlabīyah : mustakhrajah min Madārik al-Qādī ʻIyāḍ'' (), ed. Imprimerie officielle, Tunis, 1968 * ''Manhajiyyat lbn Khaldûn al-Tâ'rîkhiyya'' (), ed. Dâr al-Hadathâ, Beyrouth, 1981 * ''Dirāsāt fī tārīkh Ifrīqīyah wa-fī al-ḥaḍārah al-Islāmiyah fī al-ʻaṣr al-wasīṭ'' (), ed. University of Tunis, Tunis, 1982 * ''Al-dawlaẗu al-aġhlabiyyaẗ (184-296/800-909) : Al-tārīkẖ al-siyāsī'' (), ed. Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, Beyrouth, 1985 * ''Nahnou wa al-ġharb'' (), ed. Abdelkarim Ben Abdallah, Tunis, 1992 (Collective Work) * ''Iyal Allah : Afkar Jadidah fi 'Alaqat al-Muslim bi-nafsihi wa bi al-Akharin'' (), ed. Cérès, Tunis, 1992 * ''Fi Tārīkh Ifrīqīyah'' (), ed. Beït El Hikma, Carthage, 1994 * ''Ummat al-Wasat'' (), ed. Cérès, Tunis, 1996 * ''Al-Islâm : Hurriyatun wa Hiwâr'' (), ed. Dâr al-Nahâr, Beyrouth, 1999 * ''Li yatma'inna qālbî : Quādhiyatû el-îmān'' (), ed. Cérès, Tunis, 2007 * ''Quādhiyatû al-Hâquîqua'' (), ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2015 * ''Dalil al-muslim al-Cor'ānî'' (), ed. Mohamed Talbi, Tunis, 2016 * ''Al-Ṣiraa' al-lāhoutî fi Al-Qayrawân ayam al-aġhaliba'' (), ed. Sotumedias, Tunis, 2017


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Talbi, Mohamed 1921 births 2017 deaths Historians of Islam 20th-century Tunisian historians 21st-century Tunisian historians Tunisian Quranist Muslims Historians of religion Medievalists Historians of the Mediterranean Writers from Tunis Members of the Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts Officers of the Legion of Honour Order of Civil Merit members