Modular Hypergeometric Series
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In mathematics, an elliptic hypergeometric series is a series Σ''c''''n'' such that the ratio ''c''''n''/''c''''n''−1 is an
elliptic function In the mathematical field of complex analysis, elliptic functions are special kinds of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they come from elliptic integrals. Those integrals are ...
of ''n'', analogous to
generalized hypergeometric series In mathematics, a generalized hypergeometric series is a power series in which the ratio of successive coefficients indexed by ''n'' is a rational function of ''n''. The series, if convergent, defines a generalized hypergeometric function, which ...
where the ratio is a
rational function In mathematics, a rational function is any function that can be defined by a rational fraction, which is an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be ...
of ''n'', and
basic hypergeometric series In mathematics, basic hypergeometric series, or ''q''-hypergeometric series, are q-analog, ''q''-analogue generalizations of generalized hypergeometric series, and are in turn generalized by elliptic hypergeometric series. A series ''x'n'' is ...
where the ratio is a periodic function of the
complex number In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^= -1; every complex number can be expressed in the for ...
''n''. They were introduced by Date-Jimbo-Kuniba-Miwa-Okado (1987) and in their study of elliptic
6-j symbol Wigner's 6-''j'' symbols were introduced by Eugene Paul Wigner in 1940 and published in 1965. They are defined as a sum over products of four Wigner 3-j symbols, Wigner 3-''j'' symbols, : \begin \begin j_1 & j_2 & j_3\\ j_4 & j_5 & j_ ...
s. For surveys of elliptic hypergeometric series see , or .


Definitions

The
q-Pochhammer symbol In the mathematical field of combinatorics, the ''q''-Pochhammer symbol, also called the ''q''-shifted factorial, is the product (a;q)_n = \prod_^ (1-aq^k)=(1-a)(1-aq)(1-aq^2)\cdots(1-aq^), with (a;q)_0 = 1. It is a ''q''-analog of the Pochhammer ...
is defined by :\displaystyle(a;q)_n = \prod_^ (1-aq^k)=(1-a)(1-aq)(1-aq^2)\cdots(1-aq^). :\displaystyle(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_m;q)_n = (a_1;q)_n (a_2;q)_n \ldots (a_m;q)_n. The modified Jacobi theta function with argument ''x'' and nome ''p'' is defined by :\displaystyle \theta(x;p)=(x,p/x;p)_\infty :\displaystyle \theta(x_1,...,x_m;p)=\theta(x_1;p)...\theta(x_m;p) The elliptic shifted factorial is defined by :\displaystyle(a;q,p)_n = \theta(a;p)\theta(aq;p)...\theta(aq^;p) :\displaystyle(a_1,...,a_m;q,p)_n=(a_1;q,p)_n\cdots(a_m;q,p)_n The theta hypergeometric series ''r''+1''E''''r'' is defined by :\displaystyle_E_r(a_1,...a_;b_1,...,b_r;q,p;z) = \sum_^\infty\fracz^n The very well poised theta hypergeometric series ''r''+1''V''''r'' is defined by :\displaystyle_V_r(a_1;a_6,a_7,...a_;q,p;z) = \sum_^\infty\frac\frac(qz)^n The bilateral theta hypergeometric series ''r''''G''''r'' is defined by :\displaystyle_G_r(a_1,...a_;b_1,...,b_r;q,p;z) = \sum_^\infty\fracz^n


Definitions of additive elliptic hypergeometric series

The elliptic numbers are defined by : ;\sigma,\tau\frac where the
Jacobi theta function In mathematics, theta functions are special functions of several complex variables. They show up in many topics, including Abelian varieties, moduli spaces, quadratic forms, and solitons. Theta functions are parametrized by points in a tube do ...
is defined by :\theta_1(x,q) = \sum_^\infty (-1)^nq^e^ The additive elliptic shifted factorials are defined by * ;\sigma,\taun= ;\sigma,\taua+1;\sigma,\tau]... +n-1;\sigma,\tau/math> * _1,...,a_m;\sigma,\tau= _1;\sigma,\tau.. _m;\sigma,\tau/math> The additive theta hypergeometric series ''r''+1''e''''r'' is defined by :\displaystyle_e_r(a_1,...a_;b_1,...,b_r;\sigma,\tau;z) = \sum_^\infty\fracz^n The additive very well poised theta hypergeometric series ''r''+1''v''''r'' is defined by :\displaystyle_v_r(a_1;a_6,...a_;\sigma,\tau;z) = \sum_^\infty\frac\fracz^n


Further reading

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References

* * * * * * {{series (mathematics) Hypergeometric functions