The miR-24 microRNA precursor is a small

non-coding RNA A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not Translation (genetics), translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally imp ...

molecule that regulates gene expression.

microRNA Micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, miRNA, μRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21–23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals, and even some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcr ...

s are transcribed as ~70

nucleotide Nucleotides are Organic compound, organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both o ...

precursors and subsequently processed by the

Dicer Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene. Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into shor ...

enzyme to give a mature ~22 nucleotide product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 3' arm of the precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. miR-24 is conserved in various species, and is clustered with miR-23 and miR-27, on human chromosome 9 and 19. Recently, miR-24 has been shown to suppress expression of two crucial cell cycle control genes, E2F2 and Myc in hematopoietic differentiation and also to promote keratinocyte differentiation by repressing actin-cytoskeleton regulators

PAK4 Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PAK4'' gene. PAK4 is one of six members of the PAK family of serine/threonine kinases which are divided into group I (PAK1, PAK2 and PAK3) and group II (PAK4, ...

, Tsk5 and ArhGAP19.

Targets of miR-24

* Lal ''et al.'' suggested that miR-24 suppresses the tumor suppressor

p16 p16 (also known as p16INK4a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1 and numerous other synonyms), is a protein that slows cell division by slowing the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the ...

(INK4a). * Lal ''et al.'' reported that mi-24 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting E2F2, MYC via binding to "seedless" 3'UTR microRNA recognition elements. * Amelio I. ''et al.'' suggest that miR-24 regulates keratinocyte differentiation, controlling actin-cytoskeleton dynamics via

, Tsk5 and ArhGAP19 repression. * Wang ''et al.'' have shown that miR-24 reduces the mRNA and protein levels of human

ALK4 Activin receptor type-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACVR1B'' gene. ACVR1B or ALK-4 acts as a transducer of activin or activin-like ligands (e.g., inhibin) signals. Activin binds to either ACVR2A or ACVR2B and then forms a co ...

by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of mRNA. * Mishra ''et al.'' suggest that miR-24 targets the

DHFR Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as an electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in one-carbon transfer chemistry. In ...

gene. * miR-24-1, also known as miR-189, targets SLITRK1.

References

External links

*
miRBase family MIPF0000041
MicroRNA MicroRNA precursor families {{molecular-cell-biology-stub