Minuscule 546
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Minuscule 546 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 511 (in Soden's numbering), is a
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (more formally '' minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing system ...
manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...
of the
New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...
, on parchment. It is dated palaeographically to the 13th century. It has some
marginalia Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margin (typography), margins of a book or other document. They may be scribbles, comments, gloss (annotation), glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminated manuscript, ...
, the scribe has made numerous errors. The manuscript has survived in bad condition and some parts of it were lost. It is housed at the
University of Michigan The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...
.


Description

The codex contains the text of the four
Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...
s, on 276 thick parchment leaves (size ) with some lacunae at the beginning and end (John 18:30–21:25). It has no covers. The manuscript has survived in bad condition and many of its leaves were misplaced in binding.Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
''Adversaria Critica Sacra: With a Short Explanatory Introduction''
(Cambridge, 1893), p. LVIX.
The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numerals are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is no a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections; it was not prepared for liturgical reading. It contains tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, and portrait of the John Evangelist before the Gospel of John. The other portraits probably were cut out. There are the decorated head-pieces at the beginning of each Gospel. The list of the to Matthew is not complete, it begins with the 52nd . The list of the are complete before the other Gospels. The portrait of Saint John is defaced. The
nomina sacra In Christian scribal practice, (singular: , Latin for 'sacred name') is the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of the Bible. A consists of two or more letters from the original w ...
are contracted in a usual way. ; Errors There are no signs of
iota adscript Iota (; uppercase Ι, lowercase ι; ) is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. It was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician letter Yodh. Letters that arose from this letter include the Latin alphabet, Latin I and J, the Cyrillic ...
or
iota subscript The iota subscript is a diacritic mark in the Greek alphabet shaped like a small vertical stroke or miniature iota placed below the letter. It can occur with the vowel letters eta , omega , and alpha . It represents the former presence of an ...
. N εφελκυστικον is met with 63 times. There are 21 omissions by ''
homoioteleuton Homeoteleuton, also spelled homoeoteleuton and homoioteleuton (from the Greek , ''homoioteleuton'', "like ending"), is the repetition of endings in words. Homeoteleuton is also known as near rhyme. History Homeoteleuton (homoioteleuton) was first ...
'' (Matthew 1:12; 5:22; 7:10.19; 10:33; 12:31; 18:18; 19:9; Mark 10:34; 11:28; 13:20; 14:46; 15:41; Luke 7:20; 22:30; John 7:28; 9:32; 12:34; 17:18; 18:7). Errors of
iotacism Iotacism (, ''iotakismos'') or itacism is the process of vowel shift by which a number of vowels and diphthongs converged towards the pronunciation in post-classical Greek and Modern Greek. The term "iotacism" refers to the letter iota, the orig ...
are 387 (the first hand), some of them were corrected by a later hand. Scrivener enumerated all errors of the first hand: η for ι (28), ι for η (17), ε for αι (15), αι for ε (22), η for ει (54), ει for η (37), ι for ει (43), ει for ι (10), ω for ο (62), ο for ω (52), η for ε (4), ε for η (16), η for υ (5); υ for η (4), besides ημεις and υμεις interchanged 24 times; ω for ου (5), ου for ω (1); η for οι (10); οι for η (5); οι for υ (2); ι for υ (4); ει for υ (1); οι for ι (4). The augmentum is omitted five times (Matthew 18:23.28; 27:44; Luke 5:13; 7:41; John 1:20). It reads μελλει for μελει twice; always κυλος. The only Alexandrian forms are in Matthew 5:36; in Luke 5:19; ουτω is found 13 times.


Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the
Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testament, text types. ...
.
Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...
classified it to Ak, related to the Antiocheian commentated text (Antiocheian = Byzantine). Aland placed the Greek text of the codex in Category V. According to the
Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classi ...
, it forms a textual group with the codex 1167, in
Luke 1 Luke 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. With 80 verses, it is one of the longest chapters in the New Testament. This chapter describes the birth of John the Baptist and the events leading up ...
;
Luke 10 Luke 10 is the tenth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christianity, Christian Bible. It records the sending of seventy disciples by Jesus, Parable of the Good Samaritan, the famous parable about the Good Samaritan, and his ...
;
Luke 20 Luke 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the teaching of Jesus Christ in the temple in Jerusalem, especially his responses to questions raised by the Pharisees and Sadducees.Hal ...
. ; Textual variants The words before the bracket is the reading of the
Textus Receptus The (Latin for 'received text') is the succession of printed Greek New Testament texts starting with Erasmus' ''Novum Instrumentum omne'' (1516) and including the editions of Robert Estienne, Stephanus, Theodore Beza, Beza, the House of Elzevir ...
. : Matthew 2:22 — (''upon'') ] omitted : Matthew 3:11 — (''and fire'') ] omitted : Matthew 3:13 — (''upon'') ] (''toward'') : Matthew 3:15 — (''us'') ] omit : Matthew 6:1 — (''pray'') ] : Matthew 6:8 — ] : Matthew 23:8 — (''leader'') ] (''teacher'') : Matthew 23:14 — (''of heavens'') ] θυ (''of God'') : Mark 10:30 — ] πρα και μρα (''father and mother'') : Mark 11:4 — omit ] (''to the doors'') : Luke 22:18 — omit ] (''from now'')


History

The manuscript is dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, INTF to the 13th century. The early history of the manuscript is unknown. In 1864, the manuscript was in the possession of a dealer at
Janina Ioannina ( ' ), often called Yannena ( ' ) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina (regional unit), Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus (region), Epirus, an Modern regions of Greece, administrative region in northwester ...
in Epeiros. It was then purchased from him by a representative of Baroness Burdett-Coutts (1814–1906), a philanthropist, together with other Greek manuscripts (among them codices
532 __NOTOC__ Year 532 ( DXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Second year after the Consulship of Lampadius and Probus (or, less frequently, year 1285 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denom ...
545). They were transported to England in 1870–1871. The manuscript was presented by Burdett-Coutts to Sir Roger Cholmely's School, and was housed at the Highgate (Burdett-Coutts III. 41), in London. In 1922 it was acquired for the University of Michigan. It is currently housed at the
University of Michigan The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...
(Ms. 27) in
Ann Arbor Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 United States census, 2020 census recorded its population to be 123,851, making it the List of municipalities in Michigan, fifth-most populous cit ...
. It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by F. H. A. Scrivener (559) and
C. R. Gregory C. or c. may refer to: * Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years * Letter C, the third letter in the alphabet. * Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of man ...
(546). Gregory saw it in 1883. It was examined by
Dean Burgon John William Burgon (21 August 1813 – 4 August 1888) was an English Anglican divine who became the Dean of Chichester Cathedral in 1876. He was known during his lifetime for his poetry and his defense of the historicity and Mosaic authorshi ...
, who described it in his ''The Revision Revised''. Scrivener examined and collated its text. His collation was edited posthumously in 1893.


See also

*
List of New Testament minuscules The list of New_Testament_minuscule, New Testament Minuscules ordered by Gregory–Aland index number is divided into three sections: * List of New Testament minuscules (1–1000) * List of New Testament minuscules (1001–2000) * List of New Test ...
*
Biblical manuscript A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see '' Tefillin'') to huge polyglot codices (multi- ...
*
Textual criticism Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books. Such texts may rang ...


References


Further reading

* (as r) * Kenneth W. Clark, ''A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America'' (Chicago, 1937), pp. 300–302.


External links


Images of the minuscule 546
at the CSNTM {{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0546 Greek New Testament minuscules 13th-century biblical manuscripts