Minuscule 482 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1017 (in the Soden numbering), is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (more formally '' minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing system ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...

, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1285 (altered to 985).

Scrivener A scrivener (or scribe) was a person who, before the advent of compulsory education, could literacy, read and write or who wrote letters as well as court and legal documents. Scriveners were people who made their living by writing or copying w ...

labelled it by number 570. The manuscript has complex context, but faded in parts. The text exhibits more numerous and bolder textual variants than usual manuscripts of the four Gospels. Marginal apparatus is given fully. The manuscript was written by an inaccurate copyist, who made a large number of errors. Liturgical books,

Synaxarion Synaxarion or Synexarion (plurals Synaxaria, Synexaria; , from συνάγειν, ''synagein'', "to bring together"; cf. etymology of '' synaxis'' and ''synagogue''; Latin: ''Synaxarium'', ''Synexarium''; ; Ge'ez: ሲናክሳሪየም(ስንክ� ...

and

Menologion A menologium (, pl. menologia), also known by other names, is any collection of information arranged according to the days of a month, usually a set of such collections for all the months of the year. In particular, it is used for ancient Roman ...

, were added by a later hand.

Description

The whole codex contains 317 parchment leaves (size ). The leaves are arranged in small quarto (four leaves in quire). The parchment is fine and thin. It has several paper flying leaves at the beginning and one at the end (folio 318). Folio 318 is a parchment flyleaf.Minuscule 482
at the British Library The codex contains a complete text of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...

s on folios 6v-288v, without any lacunae. The manuscript has faded in parts.F. H. A. Scrivener
''A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels''
(Cambridge and London: John W. Parker & Son, 1852), p. XLIX. The writing is in one column per page, 22-23 lines per page. The margins are wide, the dimensions of text are 14.0 by 9.0 cm. It contains the decorated headpieces (in four colours) and the decorated initial letters at the beginning of each Gospel (folios 7, 91, 143, 227). The large initial letters at the beginning are written in gold and blue, small initials in brown. The titles of the Gospels are written in uncial letters in gold. The breathings and accents are given fully but carelessly written, sometimes varying even in the same verse (e.g. in Luke 3:8). According to Scrivener it was written by "clear but inelegant hand". The

nomina sacra In Christian scribal practice, (singular: , Latin for 'sacred name') is the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of the Bible. A consists of two or more letters from the original w ...

are written in an abbreviated way. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin of the text, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are written at the margin, with references to the

Eusebian Canons Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into Chapters and verses of the Bible, chapters ...

. The references are written below the numbers of the Ammonian Sections. Number of sections is usual. It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning (folios 3r-6r), tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and portraits of the four Evangelists before each Gospel (Matthew on folio 6 verso, Mark on folio 90 verso, Luke on folio 142 verso, John on folio 226 verso). The Church lessons are marked and the days on which they are used. Each lesson is begins with a capital letter. In result the manuscript was adapted for liturgical use.

(''table of lessons'') and

of Saint days were added by later hand, Synaxarion (ff. 290-317) on parchment, Menologion on paper. The text of the Gospels has many corrections made by two hands. Corrections were made by the same hand as Synaxarion and Menologion.

N ephelkystikon In ancient Greek grammar, movable nu, movable N or ephelcystic nu ( ''nû ephelkustikón'', literally "nu dragged onto" or "attracted to") is a letter nu (written ; the Greek equivalent of the letter ''n'') placed on the end of some grammatical f ...

appears 20 times in Matthew 1-15. There are a few occurrences or the error of

itacism Iotacism (, ''iotakismos'') or itacism is the process of vowel shift by which a number of vowels and diphthongs converged towards the pronunciation in post-classical Greek and Modern Greek. The term "iotacism" refers to the letter iota, the orig ...

, but some of them are unusual (e.g. κοποιωντες in Matthew 11:28, οις for εις in John 6:17). The corrections made by a second hand contain even more itacisms than the original text. It does not mean, however, that the original scribe was accurate copyist.F. H. A. Scrivener
''A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels''
(Cambridge and London, 1852), p. L. The original scribe (''prima manu'') made many errors of

homoioteleuton Homeoteleuton, also spelled homoeoteleuton and homoioteleuton (from the Greek , ''homoioteleuton'', "like ending"), is the repetition of endings in words. Homeoteleuton is also known as near rhyme. History Homeoteleuton (homoioteleuton) was first ...

(''repetition of endings''), and rare grammar forms (e.g. εζητειν in Luke 3:9; εδιδουν in Luke 3:16), transpositions of words, and synonymous words are constantly substituted. There are also many other errors (e.g. incorrect spelling). There are also inconsistencies in spelling, e.g. city

Nazareth Nazareth is the largest Cities in Israel, city in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. In its population was . Known as "the Arab capital of Israel", Nazareth serves as a cultural, political, religious, economic and ...

is spelled in two ways, as ναζαρεθ in John 1:46 and as ναζαρετ in John 1:47; κραββατον in Mark 2 and κραβαττον in John 5. Scrivener stated "the scribe was far from accurate copyist".

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testament, text types. ...

Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...

classified it to the family I^kc.

Kurt Aland Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and Biblical studies, biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the ''Institute for New Testament Textual Research, Institut für neutest ...

placed it in Category V. According to the

Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classi ...

it represents the textual family K^x in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it belongs to the family Π^a. Although it has element of the family Π usually it is not classified as a member of that family, as it has also some K^x element. It has many singular and unusual readings. Scrivener gave a list of the singular readings of the codex: Matthew 7:18; 8:22; 10:30; 15:23; 17:25; 22:6; 25:17; 26:7.10.22; 27:7; Mark 1:16; 5:35.38; 7:18; 8:7; 10:29; 13:27; Luke 1:21.75; 4:24; 5:5; 6:15.16; 7:11; 8:32; 10:32; 11:52; 14:32; 16:25; 18:32; 22:64; John 2:11; 4:21.39.42; 10:12; 13:24; 14:25; 16:14; 17:4; 18:20. In Mark 13:27 it has unusual additional reading αγγελους μου μετα σαλπιγγος φωνης μεγαλης (''angels with a loud trumpet call''), the reading was derived from Matthew 24:31 (''angels with a loud trumpet call''), and does not occur in any other manuscript. It has addition in Luke 6:16 (και λεμβαιον ητοι θαδδαιον). In some passages codex agrees with the oldest uncial manuscripts (e.g. Matthew 1:6.10; 5:16; 6:19; 7:13.14; etc.), like

Codex Vaticanus The Codex Vaticanus ( The Vatican, Bibl. Vat., Vat. gr. 1209), is a manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Old Testament and the majority of the New Testament. It is designated by siglum B or 03 in the Gregory-Aland numb ...

Codex Ephraemi The Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (Paris, National Library of France, Greek 9) is a manuscript of the Greek Bible, written on parchment. It is designated by the siglum C or 04 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and δ 3 (i ...

Codex Bezae The Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis is a bi-lingual Greek and Latin manuscript of the New Testament written in an uncial hand on parchment. It is designated by the siglum D or 05 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and � ...

Codex Cyprius Codex Cyprius, designated by K or 017 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament Manuscripts), ε71 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), or Codex Colbertinus 5149, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, wr ...

Codex Regius Codex Regius (, "Royal Book" or "King's Book"; ) or GKS 2365 4º is an Icelandic codex in which many Old Norse poems from the ''Poetic Edda'' are preserved. Thought to have been written during the 1270s, it is made up of 45 vellum Vellum ...

Codex Campianus Codex Campianus is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on parchment. It is designated as "M" or "021" in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 72 in the Bib ...

, and

Codex Dublinensis Codex Dublinensis is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament Gospels, written on parchment. It is designated by Z or 035 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 26 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament ma ...

.F. H. A. Scrivener
''A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels''
(Cambridge and London, 1852), p. LI. According to F. H. A. Scrivener it is close textually to minuscule 489, which belongs to Π^a. ; Singular readings The words before the brackets are the readings of

Textus Receptus The (Latin for 'received text') is the succession of printed Greek New Testament texts starting with Erasmus' ''Novum Instrumentum omne'' (1516) and including the editions of Robert Estienne, Stephanus, Theodore Beza, Beza, the House of Elzevir ...

, the words after the brackets are the readings of the codex. : Matthew 7:18 – σαπρον (''bad'') ] πονηρον (''evil'') : Matthew 8:22 – αφες τους νεκρους ] αφες τοις νεκροις : Matthew 10:30 – της κεφαλης πασαι ηριθμημεναι ] πασαι της κεφαλης απηριθμημεναι : Matthew 15:23 – αυτη ] αυτης : Matthew 17:25 – αυτον ] αυτους : Matthew 22:6 – υβρισαν (''insulted'') ] εδειραν (''beat'') : Matthew 25:17 – δυο ] δυο ταλαντα : Matthew 26:7 – κατεχεεν ] κατεεχεν αυτο : Matthew 26:10 – ειργασατο ] εποιησεν : Matthew 26:22 – λυπουμενοι ] λυπουμενος : Matthew 27:7 – τον ] omit : Mark 1:16 – βαλλοντας ] βαλλοντος : Mark 5:35 – ερχονται ] ερχεται : Mark 5:35 – λεγοντες ] λεγοντος : Mark 5:38 – κλαιοντας και αλαλαζοντας ] κλαιοντα και αλαλαζοντα : Mark 7:18 – ουτως ] οντος : Mark 8:7 – ειπεν ] ειχεν : Mark 10:29 – ευαγγελιου ] ευαγγελιου μου : Mark 13:27 – αγγελους μου ] αγγελους μου μετα σαλπιγγος φωνης μεγαλης : Luke 1:21 – χρονιζειν ] εγχρονιζειν : Luke 1:75 – ημων ] αυτου : Luke 5:5 – χαλασω ] χαλασωμεν : Luke 6:15.16 – και σιμωνα τον καλουμενον ζηλωτην και ιουδαν ιακωβου και ιουδαν ισκαριωτην ] και τον και κανανιτην σιμωνα τον καλουμενον ζηλωτην και ιουδαν τον και λεμβαιον ητοι θαδδαιον ιακωβου και ιουδαν ισκαριωτην : Luke 7:11 – επορευθη ] πορευεσθαι : Luke 8:32 – εκει ] εκεισε : Luke 10:32 – ελθων ] omit : Luke 11:52 – εισερχομενους ] εισελθειν : Luke 14:32 – προς ] εις : Luke 16:25 – ομοιως ] omit : Luke 18:32 – γαρ ] γαρ εν : Luke 22:64 – αυτον ετυπτον ] omit : John 2:11 – την αρχην των σημειων ] των σημειων την αρχην : John 4:21 – προσκυνησετε ] προσκυνησεσθε : John 4:39 – εις αυτον ] omit : John 4:42 – οιδαμεν ] οιδαμεν και εγνωκαμεν : John 10:12 – τα προβατα ] omit : John 13:24 – τουτω ] αυτω : John 14:25 – υμιν ] omit : John 16:14 – εμε ] εμοι : John 16:14 – οτι ] το : John 16:14 – αναγγελει ] αναγγελη : John 17:4 – επι της γης ] omit : John 18:20 – τω κοσμω ] εν τω κοσμω ; Old-Byzantine readings : Matthew 1:6 – ο βασιλευς is omitted as in codices , Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Codex Tischendorfianus IV, 036, ''f''¹, ''f''¹³,

700 The denomination 700 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Avar and Slavic tribes co ...

: Matthew 1:10 it reads Αμως (as א, B, C, Γ, Δ, Θ, ''f''¹, 33), the majority reads Αμων ( L, W, ''f''¹³, the Byzantine text, Textus Receptus). : Matthew 5:16 – ιδωσιν υμων τα καλα εργα ] ιδωσι τα καλα υμων εργα : Matthew 7:13 – εισερχομενοι ] ερχομενοι : Matthew 7:14 – τι ] οτι : Matthew 26:7 – βαρυτιμου ] πολυτιμου

History

There is a colophon on the page 592, which states: ετελειωθη κατα τον μαιον μηνα εις τας τριακοντα (?) ημερα τεταρτη της ενισταμενης ετους ςψζγ ινδικτ ιγ followed by a few iambics with name of scribe. It means, the manuscript was written on 30 May of the year 6793 of the era of Constantinople (i.e. 1285). This date was changed by a later hand. Scrivener stated: "some silly person has changed the Ψ into Υ (very awkwardly), which would throw it back to A.D. 985." The name of scribe was Theophilus, a monk. The place of origin of the codex is unknown. It is believed that

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

can be possible place of its origin. On the folio 7 there is erased Greek inscription from the 16th century. The manuscript once belonged to

Charles Burney Charles Burney (7 April 1726 – 12 April 1814) was an English music historian, composer and musician. He was the father of the writers Frances Burney and Sarah Burney, of the explorer James Burney, and of Charles Burney, a classicis ...

, classical scholar, along with codices:

Minuscule 480 Minuscule 480 (in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering), δ 462 (in the Biblical manuscript#Von Soden, Soden numbering), is a Greek language, Greek Lower case, minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It ...

481 __NOTOC__ Year 481 ( CDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Maecius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1234 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomina ...

484 __NOTOC__ Year 484 ( CDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Venantius and Theodoricus (or, less frequently, year 1237 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomin ...

485 Year 485 ( CDLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Memmius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1238 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 485 f ...

, and ℓ ''184''. It is unknown how Burney acquired the manuscript, but after his death it was proved that he had stolen some manuscripts from the

university library An academic library is a library that is attached to a higher education institution, which supports the curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there are an es ...

in Cambridge. After his death it was purchased for the

British Museum The British Museum is a Museum, public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world. It documents the story of human cu ...

in 1818 from his son Charles Parr Burney. The manuscript was rebound in 1964. The manuscript was examined and collated by

, who published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (570) and

C. R. Gregory C. or c. may refer to: * Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years * Letter C, the third letter in the alphabet. * Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of man ...

(482). Gregory saw it in 1883. It is currently housed at the

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit li ...

(Burney MS 20) in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

References

External links

* R. Waltz

at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
Minuscule 482
at the ''British Library'' * {{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0482 Greek New Testament minuscules 13th-century biblical manuscripts Burney Collection 13th-century illuminated manuscripts Manuscripts in the British Library

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

External links