Minuscule 475 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 138 (in the Soden numbering), is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (more formally '' minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing system ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...

, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Scrivener labelled it number 515. It has full

marginalia Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margin (typography), margins of a book or other document. They may be scribbles, comments, gloss (annotation), glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminated manuscript, ...

Description

The codex contains the text of the

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...

s on 272 parchment leaves (size ), with some lacunae (John 16:8-22). Other lacunae (Mark 3:6-21; Luke 12:48-12:2; John 18:27-21:25) were supplied on coarse cotton paper by a rude and later hand, perhaps from 14th or 15th century. According to Scrivener the supplied texts were very carelessly written. The text is written in one column per page, 21-24 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the (''titles of chapters'') at the margin. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233 Sections – the last section 16:8), with references to the

Eusebian Canons Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into Chapters and verses of the Bible, chapters ...

(written below Ammonian section numbers). The capital letters and Ammonian Section numbers are in red, references to the Eusebian Canons in blue or green. It contains tables of the (''tables of contents'') before three of the Gospels (those of Matthew were lost), lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), versification, and pictures. It is beautifully written but tampered by a later hand. There is no iota subscriptum, but

iota adscript Iota (; uppercase Ι, lowercase ι; ) is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. It was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician letter Yodh. Letters that arose from this letter include the Latin alphabet, Latin I and J, the Cyrillic � ...

um occurs 21 times.F. H. A. Scrivener
''A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels''
(Cambridge and London, 1852), p. XXXV. In Luke 19:39 and Luke 22:70 occurs grammar form ειπαν. Fragments supplied by a later hand contain more

itacism Iotacism (, ''iotakismos'') or itacism is the process of vowel shift by which a number of vowels and diphthongs converged towards the pronunciation in post-classical Greek and Modern Greek. The term "iotacism" refers to the letter iota, the orig ...

s than the manuscript itself. It has

N ephelkystikon In ancient Greek grammar, movable nu, movable N or ephelcystic nu ( ''nû ephelkustikón'', literally "nu dragged onto" or "attracted to") is a letter nu (written ; the Greek equivalent of the letter ''n'') placed on the end of some grammatical f ...

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testament, text types. ...

Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...

classified it to the textual family K^x. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the

Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classi ...

it represents textual family K^x in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it belongs to the textual cluster 475. In Luke 19-20 it has very good text, very close to the codex Sangallensis, and other old Uncials. It has some rare readings in Matthew 1:20; 27:33; Mark 10:17; 15:7; Luke 1:34; 14:12.22.27; 15:7; 16:2; 18:6.39; 19:2.46; 20:3.4.12.24.25.28.31.38.47; 21:22.27; 22:17.46.47.56.68; 23:27.38.53; John 6:58.70; 10:23.F. H. A. Scrivener
''A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels''
(Cambridge and London, 1852), pp. XXXV-XXXVI. (as f)

History

F. H. A. Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 13th century,

C. R. Gregory C. or c. may refer to: * Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years * Letter C, the third letter in the alphabet. * Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of man ...

dated it to the 11th century. Currently it is dated by the

INTF The Institute for New Testament Textual Research ( — INTF) at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is to research the textual history of the New Testament and to reconstruct its Greek initial text on the basis of the entire manuscri ...

to the 11th century. The manuscript was once in

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

. It was brought from the East to England by Carlyle (1759-1804), professor of Arabic, from Syria, along with the manuscripts

470 __NOTOC__ Year 470 ( CDLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Iordanes (or, less frequently, year 1223 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination ...

471 __NOTOC__ Year 471 ( CDLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Novus and Probianus (or, less frequently, year 1224 ''Ab urbe condita''). ...

472 __NOTOC__ Year 472 ( CDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Festus and Marcianus (or, less frequently, year 1225 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 4 ...

473 __NOTOC__ Year 473 ( CDLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Leo without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1226 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denominat ...

474 __NOTOC__ Year 474 ( CDLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Leo without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1227 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denominatio ...

, 488. The manuscript was examined by J. Farrer in 1804, Bloomfield, Scrivener, and Gregory.

Scrivener A scrivener (or scribe) was a person who, before the advent of compulsory education, could literacy, read and write or who wrote letters as well as court and legal documents. Scriveners were people who made their living by writing or copying w ...

collated and published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (515) and Gregory (475). Gregory saw it in 1883. It is currently housed at the

Lambeth Palace Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. It is situated in north Lambeth, London, on the south bank of the River Thames, south-east of the Palace of Westminster, which houses Parliament of the United King ...

(1192) in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading