Minuscule 22 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 288 ( Soden), known also as ''Codex Colbertinus 2467''. It is a

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (more formally '' minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing system ...

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...

of the

New Testament The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...

, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th-century. Formerly it was assigned to the 11th-century ( Tregelles,

Scrivener A scrivener (or scribe) was a person who, before the advent of compulsory education, could literacy, read and write or who wrote letters as well as court and legal documents. Scriveners were people who made their living by writing or copying w ...

). It has

marginalia Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margin (typography), margins of a book or other document. They may be scribbles, comments, gloss (annotation), glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminated manuscript, ...

, it was adapted for liturgical use.

Description

The codex contains a text of the four

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...

s on 232 parchment leaves () with some lacunae ( Matthew 1:1-2:2; 4:19-5:25;

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...

14:22-16:27). The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page (), in black ink, the initial letters in gold ink. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their (''titles of chapters'') at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Matthew 355, in Mark 233), whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the

Eusebian Canons Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into Chapters and verses of the Bible, chapters ...

(partially). The references to the

are incomplete. It contains tables of the (''tables of contents'') before each Gospel and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. In the 16th century lectionary markings were added at the margin (for liturgical use). The manuscript has a comment about the authenticity of Mark 16:9-20. The manuscript is free from errors of itacism and errors by "

homoioteleuton Homeoteleuton, also spelled homoeoteleuton and homoioteleuton (from the Greek , ''homoioteleuton'', "like ending"), is the repetition of endings in words. Homeoteleuton is also known as near rhyme. History Homeoteleuton (homoioteleuton) was first ...

", and very carefully accentuated. Some leaves are dislocated.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is mixed. According to Streeter it is a representative of the Caesarean text-type, but according to

Kurt Aland Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and Biblical studies, biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the ''Institute for New Testament Textual Research, Institut für neutest ...

it has some the

Byzantine text-type In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testament, text types. ...

element, though it is not pure Byzantine manuscript. Aland did not place it in any of

Categories of New Testament manuscripts New Testament manuscripts in Greek can be categorized into five theoretical groups, according to a schema introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relat ...

. D. A. Black classified it as the Caesarean text. Alison Sarah Welsby has placed the manuscript in the textual family ''f''¹ in John, as an ancestor manuscript of Minuscule 1210. According to the

Claremont Profile Method The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classi ...

it represents textual group 22b in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20 as a core member. Wisse listed 22, 134, 149,

351 __NOTOC__ Year 351 ( CCCLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Magnentius and Gaiso (or, less frequently, year 1104 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomin ...

(part), 1192, and 1210 as members of group 22b. Matthew 10:12 (see Luke 10:5) : It reads λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω (''say peace to be this house'') after αυτην. The reading was deleted by the first corrector, but the second corrector restored it. The reading is used by manuscripts:

Codex Sinaiticus The Codex Sinaiticus (; Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), also called the Sinai Bible, is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the deuterocanonica ...

, Bezae, Regius, Washingtonianus, Koridethi, manuscripts of ''f'' ¹,

1010 Year 1010 ( MX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Africa * The Nile river in Egypt freezes over. Asia * The Lý dynasty is established in Vietnam (or 1009), and moves the capital to Thăn ...

(1424), it, vg^cl. It has some remarkable readings. In Matthew 27:9 it has unique textual variant ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ζαχαρίου τοῦ προφήτου (''fulfilled what was spoken by Zachariah the prophet''). The reading is supported only by some Syriac manuscripts. Another manuscripts usually have "Jeremiah".

History

The manuscript is dated by the

INTF The Institute for New Testament Textual Research ( — INTF) at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is to research the textual history of the New Testament and to reconstruct its Greek initial text on the basis of the entire manuscri ...

to the 12th-century. It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein, who gave it the number 22. The manuscript was partially examined and collated by Scholz (only 96 verses), F. H. A. Scrivener, and

C. R. Gregory C. or c. may refer to: * Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years * Letter C, the third letter in the alphabet. * Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of man ...

. H. A. Sanders gave full a collation of the manuscript in 1914. It was examined and described by

Paulin Martin Jean-Pierre-Paulin MartinSometimes referred to as Jean P.P. Martin. (20 July 1840 at Lacam-d'Ourcet, Lot – 14 January 1890 at Amélie-les-Bains, Pyrénées-Orientales), often referred to as Abbé Paulin Martin, or simply Abbé Martin or ...

saw the manuscript in 1885. It is currently housed at the

Bibliothèque nationale de France The (; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites, ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including bo ...

(Gr. 72) at

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

References

External links

* Robert Waltz
Minuscule 22
''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism'' (2007)
Online images of minuscule 22
( Digital Microfilm) at the

National Library of France National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ...

.
Online images of minuscule 22
( Digital Microfilm) at the CSNTM. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0022 Greek New Testament minuscules 12th-century biblical manuscripts Bibliothèque nationale de France collections

Description

Text

History

See also

References

Further reading

External links