Minuscule 109 (in the
Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 431 (
Soden),
is a
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
minuscule
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (more formally '' minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing system ...
manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...
of the
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...
, on parchment leaves. It is dated by a
colophon to the year 1326.
[K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", '']Walter de Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter (), is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
History
The roots of the company go back to 1749 when Frederick the Great granted the Königliche Realschule in Be ...
'', Berlin, New York 1994, p. 53. The manuscript has complex contents.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...
s with a commentary on 225 parchment leaves ().
[ The text is written in one column per page, 24-31 lines per page. The initial letters in red.]
The text is divided according to (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, the (''titles'') at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections. I has no references to the Eusebian Canons
Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into Chapters and verses of the Bible, chapters ...
.[
It contains the ]Epistula ad Carpianum
The ''Epistula ad Carpianum'' ("Letter to Carpian") or Letter of Eusebius is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus. In this letter, Eusebius explains his ingenious system of gospel harmon ...
, prolegomena, lists of the (''lists of contents'') before each Gospel, Eusebian Tables, synaxaria
Synaxarion or Synexarion (plurals Synaxaria, Synexaria; , from συνάγειν, ''synagein'', "to bring together"; cf. etymology of '' synaxis'' and ''synagogue''; Latin: ''Synaxarium'', ''Synexarium''; ; Ge'ez: ሲናክሳሪየም(ስንክ� ...
, Menologion
A menologium (, pl. menologia), also known by other names, is any collection of information arranged according to the days of a month, usually a set of such collections for all the months of the year. In particular, it is used for ancient Roman ...
, lectionary markings at the margin, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and numbers of .
Text of Luke 3:23-38 (Genealogy of Jesus) was rewritten from a two-column text. In the process of copying, the columns were confused, and instead of copying them vertically in proper succession, the scribe copied the genealogy as though the two columns were one, following the lines across both columns. As a result, almost everyone is made the son of the wrong father. (For instance, God is made the son of Aram and Phares is made creator of the world. See also Minuscule 80
Minuscule 80 (in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory–Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 281 (Biblical manuscript#Von Soden, von Soden), known as ''Cod. T. G. Graevii'', is a Greek language, Greek Lower case, minuscule manuscript of the New Testamen ...
.)[
]
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main Textual criticism#New Testament, text types. ...
. Aland placed it in Category V. It belongs to the textual family Family Kx.[F. Wisse, ''The profile method for the classification and evaluation of manuscript evidence'', '' William B. Eerdmans Publishing'', 1982, p. 54.] It is close to Minuscule 54
Minuscule 54 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 445 ( Von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1337 or 1338.K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzge ...
.[
According to the ]Claremont Profile Method
The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classi ...
it represents Kx in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it has mixture of the Byzantine families.
It does not contain the Pericope Adulterae
Jesus and the woman taken in adultery (or the ) is a passage (pericope) found in John 7:53–John 8#Pericope adulterae, 8:11 of the New Testament. It is considered by many to be Pseudepigrapha, pseudepigraphical.
In the passage, Jesus was t ...
(John 7:53-8:11), but it was added by a later hand.[
]
History
It once belonged to Richard Mead
Richard Mead, FRSFRCP (11 August 1673 – 16 February 1754) was an English physician. His work, ''A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the Method to be used to prevent it'' (1720), was of historic importance in advancing t ...
, then to Askew. Richard Mead showed it for Wettstein Wettstein is a Swiss surname. Bearers of the name include:
* Bryce Wettstein (born 2004), American skateboarder
* Carla Wettstein (born 1946), Swiss and Australian chess master
*Fritz von Wettstein (1895–1945), Austrian botanist
*Johann Jakob Wet ...
in 1746.[ ]C. R. Gregory
C. or c. may refer to:
* Century, sometimes abbreviated as ''c.'' or ''C.'', a period of 100 years
* Letter C, the third letter in the alphabet.
* Cent (currency), abbreviated ''c.'' or ''¢'', a monetary unit that equals of the basic unit of man ...
saw it in 1883.[
It is housed at the ]British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit li ...
(Add MS 5117) in London
London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
.[
]
See also
* List of New Testament minuscules
The list of New_Testament_minuscule, New Testament Minuscules ordered by Gregory–Aland index number is divided into three sections:
* List of New Testament minuscules (1–1000)
* List of New Testament minuscules (1001–2000)
* List of New Test ...
* Biblical manuscript
A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. Biblical manuscripts vary in size from tiny scrolls containing individual verses of the Jewish scriptures (see '' Tefillin'') to huge polyglot codices (multi- ...
* Textual criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books. Such texts may rang ...
References
Further reading
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0109
Greek New Testament minuscules
14th-century biblical manuscripts