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Milwaukee Deep, also known as the Milwaukee Depth, is the deepest part of the Puerto Rico Trench, constituting the deepest points in the 
Located roughly north of the coast of the main island of 
In 1964, the French submersible '' Archimède'' explored the Puerto Rico Trench to a depth of approximately but did not reach its deepest point.
On 21 December 2018 Victor Vescovo made the first crewed descent to the deepest point of the trench in the Deep-Submergence Vehicle '' DSV Limiting Factor'' (a Triton 36000/2 model submersible) and measured a depth of by direct CTD pressure measurements. This made the ''Limiting Factor'' the deepest diving operational submersible at the time.
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the ...
. Together with the surrounding seabed area, known as Brownson Deep, the Milwaukee Deep forms an elongated depression that constitutes the floor of the trench. As there is no geomorphological distinction between the two, it has been proposed that the use of both names to refer to distinct areas should be reviewed.
During the Five Deeps Expedition, explorer Victor Vescovo achieved the first crewed descent to the location on 21 December 2018. Media outlets overwhelmingly referred to the area as the Brownson Deep, while the name Milwaukee Deep was used by others. However, likely due to the factors mentioned above, the expedition has not used any particular name to refer to the site of their Atlantic dive. It is named for the USS ''Milwaukee
Milwaukee is the List of cities in Wisconsin, most populous city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, it is the List of United States cities by population, 31st-most populous city in the United States ...
'', which recorded the first echo soundings of the Puerto Rico Trench in 1939, and was itself named for the city of Milwaukee
Milwaukee is the List of cities in Wisconsin, most populous city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, it is the List of United States cities by population, 31st-most populous city in the United States ...
.Located roughly north of the coast of the main island of Puerto Rico
; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
at ''Punto Palmas Altas'' in Manatí, the maximum depth of the Milwaukee Deep is , as directly measured by Vescovo during his 2018 descent to the deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean. The maximum depth of the Milwaukee Deep has also been reported at in 1940 by geologist and oceanographer Thomas Wayland Vaughan, in 1954 by John Lyman, professor of oceanography
Oceanography (), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.
It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of to ...
at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC, UNC–Chapel Hill, or simply Carolina) is a public university, public research university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. Chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolli ...
, and in 2014 by the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), and in 2018 by marine geologist Heather Stewart and marine biologist Alan Jamieson. Stewart and Jamieson also reported a maximum depth of in 2019 and in 2021.History
The ocean floor feature is named for the USS ''Milwaukee'' (CL-5), a U.S. Navy Omaha class cruiser, which discovered the Milwaukee Deep on February 14, 1939 with a reading of . On August 19, 1952, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife vessel ''Theodore N. Gill'' obtained a reading of at (), virtually identical with the ''Milwaukee''s reading. By then, the existence of deep water to the Atlantic Ocean side of theCaribbean
The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...
had been known for more than a century.
One of the area's earliest soundings was obtained June 12, 1852 by Lt. S. P. Lee, U.S. Navy brig
A brig is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: two masts which are both square rig, square-rigged. Brigs originated in the second half of the 18th century and were a common type of smaller merchant vessel or warship from then until the l ...
''Dolphin'', with a reading of at ().
Crewed descents
In 1964, the French submersible '' Archimède'' explored the Puerto Rico Trench to a depth of approximately but did not reach its deepest point.
On 21 December 2018 Victor Vescovo made the first crewed descent to the deepest point of the trench in the Deep-Submergence Vehicle '' DSV Limiting Factor'' (a Triton 36000/2 model submersible) and measured a depth of by direct CTD pressure measurements. This made the ''Limiting Factor'' the deepest diving operational submersible at the time.
See also
* List of submarine topographical features *Oceanic trench
Oceanic trenches are prominent, long, narrow topography, topographic depression (geology), depressions of the seabed, ocean floor. They are typically wide and below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor, but can be thousands of kilometers ...
*Challenger Deep
The Challenger Deep is the List of submarine topographical features#List of oceanic trenches, deepest known point of the seabed of Earth, located in the western Pacific Ocean at the southern end of the Mariana Trench, in the ocean territory o ...
References
{{Reflist Lowest points of the World Ocean Oceanic trenches of the Atlantic Ocean Physical oceanography