Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky (; ; January 20, 1865 - January 21, 1919) was a Russian and Ukrainian

Marxist Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflic ...

economist An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this ...

, and politician. He was a leading exponent of Legal Marxism in the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

and was the author of numerous works dealing with the theory of value, the distribution of a social revenue, history of managerial development, and fundamentals of cooperative managerial activities. After the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution, social change in Russian Empire, Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia Dissolution of the Russian Empire, abolish its mona ...

, he was a founder of the

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; , ; ''NAN Ukrainy'') is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of Science and technology in Ukraine, science and technology by coordinatin ...

and one of the earliest Ukrainian ministers of finances in

Volodymyr Vynnychenko Volodymyr Kyrylovych Vynnychenko (; – March 6, 1951) was a Ukrainian statesman, political activist, writer, playwright and artist who served as the first List of prime ministers of Ukraine, prime minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic.< ...

General Secretariat Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...

of the

Central Council of Ukraine The Central Rada of Ukraine, also called the Central Council (), was the All-Ukrainian council that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputies as well as few members of political, public, cultural and professional organizations o ...

Early life

Mikhail Ivanovich Tugan-Baranovsky was born on 8 January 1865 in the village of Solone in the

Kupyansky Uyezd Kupyansky Uyezd (; ) was one of the subdivisions of the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kupiansk (Kupyansk). Demographics At the time of the R ...

of the

Kharkov Governorate Kharkov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1765 to 1780 and from 1796 to 1835 the governorate was called Sloboda Uk ...

of the

(present-day

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

). His father's distant ancestors were

Lipka Tatar The Lipka Tatars are a Turkic ethnic group and minority in Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus who originally settled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the beginning of the 14th century. The first Tatar settlers tried to preserve their Pagan tradi ...

s who had come to Lithuania in the 14th century; the full family name was Tugan Mirza Baranovsky. Tugan-Baranovsky attended high school in the cities of

Kiev Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

and Kharkov, developing an early affinity for philosophy, including the works of

Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German Philosophy, philosopher and one of the central Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works ...

. In 1884 he entered

Kharkov University The V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (), also known as Kharkiv National University or Karazin University, is a public university in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It was founded in 1804 through the efforts of Vasily Karazin, becoming the second old ...

, beginning his studies in the natural sciences. He was awarded the degree of

Candidate of Sciences A Candidate of Sciences is a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD-equivalent academic research degree in all the post-Soviet countries with the exception of Ukraine, and until the 1990s it was also awarded in Central and Eastern European countries. It is ...

in 1888, but he became interested in

political economy Political or comparative economy is a branch of political science and economics studying economic systems (e.g. Marketplace, markets and national economies) and their governance by political systems (e.g. law, institutions, and government). Wi ...

and wound up completing his studies as an external student with a degree from the school's Faculty of Law and Economics in 1890. While in college Tugan-Baranovsky became active in the revolutionary movement which sought to overthrow

Tsarism Tsarist autocracy (), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. In it, the Tsar possessed in principle authority and ...

in Russia, briefly making the acquaintance of

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...

's older brother,

Aleksandr Ulyanov Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov (; – ) was a Russian revolutionary and political activist who was executed for planning an assassination against Alexander III of Russia. He was the elder brother of Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union; ...

, who was executed in 1887 for his part in the attempted assassination of

Tsar Alexander III Alexander III (; 10 March 18451 November 1894) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary in domestic affairs and reversed some of the liberal ...

.Kindersley, ''The First Russian Revisionists,'' p. 52. In November 1886 Tugan-Baranovsky was arrested for participating in a student demonstration in

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

marking the 25th anniversary of the death of critical writer

Nikolay Dobrolyubov Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov ( rus, Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Добролю́бов, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ dəbrɐˈlʲubəf, a=Nikolay Alyeksandrovich Dobrolyubov.ru.vorb.oga; 5 February O.S. 24 Janu ...

. As a result of the arrest Tugan-Baranovsky was expelled from the capital city, falling out of contact with the ill-fated older Ulyanov. Tugan-Baranovsky married the daughter of the director of the

St. Petersburg Conservatory The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory () (formerly known as the Petrograd Conservatory and Leningrad Conservatory) is a school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2004, the conservatory had around 275 faculty members ...

, Lydia Davydova, in 1889.Kindersley, ''The First Russian Revisionists,'' p. 53.

Academic career

Shortly after his marriage, Tugan-Baranovsky began what would be a long running and esteemed academic career. His first scholarly article, "The Doctrine of the Marginal Utility of Economic Goods", saw print in October 1890 in the journal ''Iuridicheskii Vestnik'' (Jurisprudence Courier). In this work, which presaged his later criticism of

Marxism Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, ...

, Tugan-Baranovsky argued that the

labor theory of value The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory of value that argues that the exchange value of a good or service is determined by the total amount of " socially necessary labor" required to produce it. The contrasting system is typically known as ...

and contemporary Marginalist economics were in basic agreement rather than in antagonistic opposition. After this first foray into theoretical economics, Tugan-Baranovsky turned his hand to the writing of biography, contributing short popular sketches of

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (, ; ; 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French anarchist, socialist, philosopher, and economist who founded mutualist philosophy and is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". He was the first person to ca ...

and

John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of liberalism and social liberalism, he contributed widely to s ...

to a series entitled "Lives of Remarkable Men", produced by the publisher Pavlenkov. In these roughly 80-page books Tugan-Baranovsky was highly critical of Proudhon for his lack of internal consistency, stylistic obscurity, lack of imagination, and hypocritical support of the regime of

Louis Napoleon Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was President of France from 1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. He was the first president, second emperor, and last ...

. He was much more sympathetic to Mill, hailing the economist as one who "more than anyone else helped the spread throughout the civilized world of a right understanding of the spirit of contemporary science, based on the study of nature." Following the intellectual example of

Karl Marx Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...

and

Frederick Engels Friedrich Engels ( ;"Engels"
''

British Museum The British Museum is a Museum, public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world. It documents the story of human cu ...

, there examining the collection of rare books and statistical works.Kindersley, ''The First Russian Revisionists,'' p. 57. He then returned to Russia, spending two more years at work in St. Petersburg on a substantial tome of

business cycle Business cycles are intervals of general expansion followed by recession in economic performance. The changes in economic activity that characterize business cycles have important implications for the welfare of the general population, governmen ...

theory, ''Industrial Crises in Contemporary England: Their Causes and Influences on the Life of the People.'' Publication of the book in 1894 earned Tugan-Baranovsky a

Master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional prac ...

in Political Economics from

Moscow University Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Al ...

. The achievement of this academic rank allowed Tugan-Baranovsky to gain employment in academia, accepting an appointment as a

Privatdozent ''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifi ...

(lecturer) at

St. Petersburg University Saint Petersburg State University (SPBGU; ) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great, the university from the be ...

. In 1898 he published ''The Russian Factory in the Nineteenth Century''. This was the first volume of a planned more extensive work dealing with the impact of factory life on Russian society. According to his student and biographer

Nikolai Kondratiev Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kondratiev (; also Kondratieff; Russian: Никола́й Дми́триевич Кондра́тьев; 4 March 1892 – 17 September 1938) was a Russian Soviet economist and proponent of the New Economic Policy (NEP) best ...

, Tugan-Baranovsky retained this position until 1899, when he was dismissed for political unreliability. Nevertheless he announced that he was planning a second volume with material of a more theoretical nature in the preface to the 2nd edition published in 1900. Opinions vary as regards whether a draft manuscript of volume II was ever written. In 1917 Tugan published a book "Paper Currency and Metal", where he presented a theory of fiat paper currency, believing that a new stage in monetary history after the war was coming. He connected the value of fiat currency with the business cycle and with aggregate demand. He proposed active monetary policy, mainly through exchange rate control. In many respects he could be considered as a forerunner of the theory of endogenous money.

Political activities

In 1895 Tugan-Baranovsky and his co-thinker

Peter Struve Peter (or Pyotr or Petr) Berngardovich Struve (, ; – 22 February 1944) was a Russian political economist, philosopher, historian and editor. He started his career as a Marxist, later became a liberal and after the Bolshevik Revolution, joined ...

joined the Free Economical Association, of which he became the chairman in 1896. In December of that year he published a seminal article of Marxist theory, frequently reprinted, "The Significance of the Economic Factor in History", which drew the attention and written replies of leading ''

narodnik The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism or ,; , similar to the ...

'' critics such as

Vasily Vorontsov Vasilii Pavlovich Vorontsov (Russian: Василий Павлович Воронцов; Pseudonym: V.V., 13 January 1847 – 10 December 1918) was an influential Russian ''narodnik'' economist and sociologist, one of the principal protagonists in t ...

and

Nikolay Mikhaylovsky Nikolay Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (; – ) was a Russian literary critic, sociologist, writer on public affairs, and one of the theoreticians of the Narodniki movement. Biography The school of thinkers he belonged to became famous in the ...

.Kindersley, ''The First Russian Revisionists,'' p. 59. In April 1900, Tugan-Baranovsky participated in the organizational meeting to create the

Iskra ''Iskra'' (, , ''the Spark'') was a fortnightly political newspaper of Russian socialist emigrants established as the official organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). History ''Iskra'' was published in exile and then smuggl ...

newspaper, which later became the basis for the creation of the

Russian Social Democratic Labor Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) or the Russian Social Democratic Party (RSDP), was a socialist political party founded in 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire. The ...

.М.И. Воейков. НАСЛЕДИЕ М .И. ТУГАН-БАРАНОВСКОГО
/ref> While he consistently expressed Marxist economic and political ideas in this period, there is no indication that Tugan-Baranovsky ever joined the underground Social Democratic movement which was then emerging in Russia. It was also during this time that his "magnum opus", ''The Russian Factory in Past and Present'' appeared.In English: ''The Russian Factory in the 19th Century'', translated by Arthur Levin, Claora S. Levin and Gregory Grossman, Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1970. The publication of this book led in 1898 to Tugan-Baranovsky receiving a doctorate degree from

. From 1901 to 1905 Tugan-Baranovsky participated in the public life of the Poltava region where he joined the local

zemstvo A zemstvo (, , , ''zemstva'') was an institution of local government set up in consequence of the emancipation reform of 1861 of Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Nikolay Milyutin elaborated the idea of the zemstvo, and the fi ...

(a form of local government). Later he returned to St. Petersburg, lecturing as private docent and as professor in the economics departments of various local polytechnic and commercial institutes and also at the private university of Shaniavsky in Moscow. After February Revolution 1917 in

he went back in Ukraine where he became a Finance minister in the government of

(August – November 1917). Then he founded Ukrainian National University, Institute of Economic condition, and Demographic Institute in

. The member of

(1918), a head of social-economic department (1919).

Interest in Neokantianism

During the early years of the 20th century he completely moved away from the popular views of legal Marxism towards the neokantianism that is reflected in his various works regarding the

cooperative movement The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of cooperatives across the world. Although cooperative arrangements, such as mutual insurance, and principles of cooperation existed long before, the cooperative movement bega ...

. In 1901–1902, Tugan-Baranovsky published his "Notes from the History of Political Economics" in the journal ''Narodnoe Bagatstvo'' (National Wealth), where he described the history of economics doctrines in the

, and "Notes of the Newest History in Political Economics" (1903). This work was translated into German in 1915. Later he published various other works in Russian and German as well. In 1919 his first publication in Ukrainian appeared, ''Cooperation, its nature and goals''. Other works continued to appear up until 1923. Since 1906 he was the chief editor of ''Vestnik Kooperatsii'' (Cooperative Digest). Before

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

he worked, along with

Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky (; – 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figures of the Ukrainian national revival of the early 20th century. Hrushevsky is ...

and other Ukrainian academicians, on the encyclopedia ''Ukrainsky narod v ego proshlom i nastoyaschem'' ("The Ukrainian Nation in its Past and Present"). As the member of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Federalists quit the

on 20 November 1917 in the protest to the proclamation of the

Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council The Third Universals (Central Rada), Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Council) () is a state-political act, universal of the Central Rada, Central Rada (Council) of Ukraine, proclaiming the formation of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR ...

that advocated a wider autonomy to

. Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky was one of the founders of the

National Academy of Science of Ukraine The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; , ; ''NAN Ukrainy'') is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of science and technology by coordinating a system of research institutes i ...

, as well as the

Secretary of Finance The Secretariat of the Treasury and Public Credit (, SHCP) is the finance ministry of Mexico. The Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the department, and is a member of the federal executive cabinet, appointed to the post by the President ...

of the

Ukrainian People's Republic The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) was a short-lived state in Eastern Europe. Prior to its proclamation, the Central Council of Ukraine was elected in March 1917 Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, as a result of the February Revolution, ...

Death

In January 1919, while en route via train to attend the

Paris Peace Conference Agreements and declarations resulting from meetings in Paris include: Listed by name Paris Accords may refer to: * Paris Accords, the agreements reached at the end of the London and Paris Conferences in 1954 concerning the post-war status of Germ ...

, Tugan-Baranovsky suffered a fatal heart attack.

Publications

In English

*''

The Russian Factory in the Nineteenth Century ''The Russian Factory in the Nineteenth Century'' is a book by Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky originally published in Russian in 1898. For this he was awarded his doctorate by Moscow University. It was republished in Russia several times, running to th ...

'' (1898), Tugan-Baranovsky's PhD thesis,

In German

* * * *

Footnotes

* Ablitsov, Vitalii, ''Galaktika 'Ukraina': Ukrains'ka diaspora: vidatni postati.'' Kyiv: KIT, 2007. * Barnett, Vincent, "Tugan-Baranovsky as a Pioneer of Trade Cycle Analysis," ''Journal of the History of Economic Thought'', vol. 23 no. 4 (Dec. 2001), pp. 443–466. * Bernstein E. Tugan-Baranowsky als Sozialist. Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, vol. XXVIII (T.-B. as Socialist. Archive for Social Science and Social Politics) 1909; * Bukharin, N. ''Theoretical conciliation''. ''Political Economy Rant. Theory of value and profit of Austrian School''. pp. 176–185. 1919
At www.esperanto.mv.ru/Marksismo/index.html
* Diel К. Dr. Michael Tugan-Baranowskys theoretische Grundlagen des Marxismus. Jahrbücher fur Nationalökonomie und Statistik, vol. XXXI (Dr. T.-B., theoretical fundamentalist of Marxism. Yearbook for the National Economy and Statistics).

Jena Jena (; ) is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in Germany and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 in ...

1906; * Дмитриев В. Новый русский трактат по теории политической экономии. Русская Мысль, book XI. 1909; * Голдман М. Туган-Барановщина: к критике буржуазной политической экономии. П. 1926; * Gerschenkron A. Die Genossenschaftstheorie Tugan-Baranowskis. Vierteljahrschrift für Genossenschaften, parts 3–4. 1929–30; * Gotz W. Zum ökonomischen System Tugan-Baranowsky. Riga 1930; * Качор А. М. І. Туган-Барановський. Winnipeg 1969; * Kondratiev, N. ''Mikhail Tugan-Baranovskii.'' Petrograd: 1923. * Kowal L. M. I. Tuhan-Baranowsky, His Political Teaching, Scientific and Cooperative Activity in Ukraine, 1917–1919. НЗ УТГІ. Munich 1968–69; * Kowal L. The Market and Business Cycle Theories of M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky. Revista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche e Commercial!, vol. 20, part 4. Padova 1973. * Курский Л. Теория рынка и промышленных кризисовъ М. И. Туган-Барановскаго. М. 1916; * Luxemburg, R. ''Dis-proportionality of Mr. Tuhan-Baranovsky''. ''Accumulation of Capital'' (Chapter 23), vol. I. Translated by Dvolaitsky, Sh. State Social-Economical Publishing, Moscow. 1934
Opinion of Rosa Liuxemburg on Tuhan's Theories of Economical crisis in England
* Michaelides, P., Milios, J. and Vouldis, A. (2007),

Emil Lederer Emil Lederer (22 July 1882 – 29 May 1939) was a Bohemian-born German economist and sociologist. Purged from his position at Humboldt University of Berlin in 1933 for being Jewish, Lederer fled into exile. He helped establish the "University ...

and the

Schumpeter Joseph Alois Schumpeter (; February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian political economy, political economist. He served briefly as Ministry of Finance (Austria), Finance Minister of Austria in 1919. In 1932, he emigrated to the Unit ...

, Hilferding, Tugan-Baranowsky Nexus, Research Workshop in Political Economy, International Initiative for the Promotion of Political Economy, organized by :

University of London The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a collegiate university, federal Public university, public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The ...

and

University of Crete The University of Crete (UoC; Greek: Πανεπιστήμιο Κρήτης) is a multi-disciplinary, research-oriented institution in Crete, Greece, located in the cities of Rethymno (official seat) and Heraklion. There are 16 main undergraduate ...

, Rethymnon, 14–16 September. * Michaelides, P., Milios, J. and Vouldis, A. (2007), Schumpeter and Lederer on Economic Growth, Technology and Credit, European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference,

Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...

, 2007, 1–3 November (CD-ROM). * Michaelides, P., Milios, J. and Vouldis, A. (2007), Schumpeter, Lederer and Hilferding, on Economic Development, Credit and Business Cycles, 9th International Conference of Greek Historians of Economic Thought,

University of Macedonia The University of Macedonia (UoM; , ΠΑΜΑΚ, ''Panepistímio Makedonías'', PAMAK) is a public university in Thessaloniki, Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia, Greece. Founded as School of Higher Industrial Studies of Thessaloniki (in Greek Langua ...

, 11–12 May. * Мицюк О. Наукова діяльність політико-економіста М. І. Туган-Барановського. Л. 1931; * Moisseev M. L'évolution d'une doctrine. La theorie des crises de Tougan-Baranoysky et la conception moderne des crises économiques. Revue d'histoire économique et sociale. vol. XX. Paris 1932; * Nenovsky, N.br>''Place of Labor and Labor Theory in Tugan Baranovsky's Theoretical System,''
The Kyoto Economic Review, Vol. 78 (2009), No.1 pp. 53–77. * '' Nenovsky, N.'
Discussion on paper currency among Russian economists during the Great War (1914–1917) with special emphasis on Tugan - Baranovsky’s contributions
Revue d’histoire de la pensée économique, vol. 2 no. 10 pp. 103–140, 2020 * Птуха М. Туган-Барановский как экономист. Кооперативная Зоря, parts 4–5. К. 1919; * Timoshenko V. M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky and Western European Economic Thought. The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S.A. vol. З, part 9. New-York 1954; * Tschebotareff V. Untersuchungen über die Krisentheorie von Michael von Tugan-Baranowsky. Вюрцбурґ 1936; * Wytanowicz E. M. I. Tuhan-Baranowski: teoretyk-ekonomista, historyk kapitalizmu, socjolog, twórca teoretycznych podstaw idei spółdzielczej. Roczniki dziejów społecznych і gospodarczych, vol. І. Л. 1931; {{DEFAULTSORT:Tugan-Baranovsky, Mikhail 1865 births 1919 deaths People from Kharkiv Oblast People from Kupyansky Uyezd Marxian economists Economists from the Russian Empire Marxists from the Russian Empire National University of Kharkiv alumni People from the Russian Empire of Lipka Tatar descent Ukrainian Democratic Party (1904) politicians 20th-century Ukrainian politicians Finance ministers of Ukraine Members of the Central Council of Ukraine Full Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Early life

Academic career

Political activities

Interest in Neokantianism

Death

Publications

In English

In German

Footnotes

Further reading