Mickey Bergman
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Michael "Mickey" Bergman is the CEO of Global Reach and the Vice President and Executive Director of the Richardson Center for Global Engagement. He also serves as an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's
Walsh School of Foreign Service The Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (SFS) is the school of international relations at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. It grants degrees at both Undergraduate education, undergraduate and Postgraduate education, graduate lev ...
, where his graduate level courses focus on the art of
emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI), also known as emotional quotient (EQ), is the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions. High emotional intelligence includes emotional recognition of emotions of the self and others, using ...
in international relations and negotiations. Previously, he served as Executive Director of the Global Alliances Program at the
Aspen Institute The Aspen Institute is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1949 as the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., but also has a campus in Aspen, Colorado, its original home. Its stated miss ...
and founded the Solel Strategic Group (SSG). Bergman has advocated for numerous political prisoners and hostages, including
Paul Whelan Paul Nicholas Whelan (born March 5, 1970) is a Canadian-born former United States Marine with U.S., British, Irish, and Canadian citizenship. Whelan left the Marines in 2008 with a bad conduct discharge after being convicted on multiple counts " ...
,
Brittney Griner Brittney Yvette Griner (; born October 18, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She is a three-time Olympic gold medalist with the U.S. women's natio ...
, Trevor Reed, and Taylor Dudley from Russia;
Danny Fenster use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = , death_cause = , body_discovered = , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = ...
from Myanmar;
Otto Warmbier Otto Frederick Warmbier (December 12, 1994 – June 19, 2017) was an American college student who was imprisoned in North Korea in 2016 on a charge of subversion. In June 2017, he was released by North Korea in a vegetative state and died ...
and
Kenneth Bae Kenneth Bae (born Bae Jun-ho; born August 1, 1968) is a South Korean-born American Evangelical Christian missionary. Convicted by North Korea on charges of planning to overthrow the government, he was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment in Apr ...
from North Korea; Xiyue Wang, Michael R. White (U.S. veteran), and Robert Levinson from Iran; and the Citgo Six, Eyvin Hernandez, and Savoi Wright from Venezuela. For his efforts alongside
Bill Richardson William Blaine Richardson III (November 15, 1947 – September 1, 2023) was an American politician, author, and diplomat who served as the List of governors of New Mexico, 30th governor of New Mexico from 2003 to 2011. He was U.S. ambassador to ...
, Bergman was nominated for the
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish language, Swedish and ) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the Will and testament, will of Sweden, Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobe ...
in 2019 and again in 2023. In 2023, Bergman received the James W. Foley Legacy Foundation American Hostage Freedom Award from the Foley Foundation. Pioneering the field of ''Fringe Diplomacy'', Bergman has developed a unique approach to global engagement that connects individuals in areas typically overlooked by governments and NGOs. He aims to create new political capital by leading professional exchange programs to frontier countries such as North Korea, Myanmar, Cuba, Lebanon, and others. Bergman is also an accomplished author and commentator. He wrote '' In the Shadows: True Stories of High-Stakes Negotiations to Free Americans Captured Abroad'' and has published numerous articles and opinion pieces. He frequently provides media commentary on cases of Americans held hostage, hostage diplomacy, and international relations, and is recognized as an expert in the fields of Cuba, North Korea, and Myanmar."A Rare Moment for Myanmar — and America" The New York Times, Nov 14, 2012
/ref>


Early life and career

Bergman was born and raised in
Tel Aviv Tel Aviv-Yafo ( or , ; ), sometimes rendered as Tel Aviv-Jaffa, and usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. Located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline and with a popula ...
. He is a former
paratrooper A paratrooper or military parachutist is a soldier trained to conduct military operations by parachuting directly into an area of operations, usually as part of a large airborne forces unit. Traditionally paratroopers fight only as light infa ...
in the
Israeli Defense Forces Israeli may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the State of Israel * Israelis, citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel * Modern Hebrew, a language * ''Israeli'' (newspaper), published from 2006 to 2008 * Guni Israeli (b ...
. Bergman graduated from the
University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school the ...
with a Bachelor's degree. He went on study at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at
Georgetown University Georgetown University is a private university, private Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789, it is the oldest Catholic higher education, Ca ...
where he obtained a
Master of Science in Foreign Service This list refers to specific master's degrees in North America. Please see master's degree for a more general overview. Accountancy Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, MAcy or MPAcc), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or M ...
. Prior to his work with the Aspen Institute and Solel Strategic Group (SSG), Bergman served for two years as the Director of
Congressional A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ad ...
Relations and Senior Policy Analyst at the
Center for Middle East Peace & Economic Cooperation The S. Daniel Abraham Center for Middle East Peace is an American non-profit advocacy group that works with leaders and policymakers in the United States and the Middle East to help reach a just and comprehensive peace that will bring an end to the ...
. As president of SSG, the group worked with the
Clinton Global Initiative The Clinton Foundation (founded in 2001 as the William J. Clinton Presidential Foundation, and renamed in 2013 as the Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation) is a nonprofit organization under section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. tax code. It was e ...
, former Governor
Bill Richardson William Blaine Richardson III (November 15, 1947 – September 1, 2023) was an American politician, author, and diplomat who served as the List of governors of New Mexico, 30th governor of New Mexico from 2003 to 2011. He was U.S. ambassador to ...
, the
Robert Redford Charles Robert Redford Jr. (born August 18, 1936) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received numerous accolades such as an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and two Golden Globe Awards, as well as the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1994, the ...
Center at
Sundance A Sun Dance is a Native American ceremony. Sun dance or Sundance may also refer to: Places ;Canada * Sundance, Calgary, Alberta, a neighbourhood * Sundance, Manitoba, a ghost town ;United States * Sundance, New Mexico, a census-designated pl ...
, and the Elders. At the Aspen Institute, Bergman previously directed programs including
Partners for a New Beginning In his " A New Beginning" speech on June 4, 2009, at Cairo University in Cairo, Egypt, President of the United States Barack Obama stated "I've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world, o ...
, the Emirates-Aspen Partnership, the North-Africa Partnership of Economic Opportunity, and the U.S.-Lebanon Dialogue.


Hostage and prisoner advocacy

Bill Richardson William Blaine Richardson III (November 15, 1947 – September 1, 2023) was an American politician, author, and diplomat who served as the List of governors of New Mexico, 30th governor of New Mexico from 2003 to 2011. He was U.S. ambassador to ...
first became aware of Bergman through his humanitarian work in Sudan, which subsequently led to a diplomatic mission to Khartoum. Bergman later took on a leadership role at the Richardson Center for Global Engagement, serving as Vice President and Executive Director. In this capacity, Bergman has collaborated closely with diplomat Cameron R. Hume through the Richardson Center's initiatives.


Israel

In 2007, Bergman and Richardson began back channel negotiations to secure the release of
Gilad Shalit Gilad Shalit (, ''Gilˁad Šaliṭ'' ; born 28 August 1986) is a former MIA soldier of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) who, on 25 June 2006, was captured by Palestinian militants in a cross-border raid via tunnels near the Israeli border. Ham ...
, an
Israel Defense Forces The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; , ), alternatively referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym (), is the national military of the State of Israel. It consists of three service branches: the Israeli Ground Forces, the Israeli Air Force, and ...
who had been captured by
Hamas The Islamic Resistance Movement, abbreviated Hamas (the Arabic acronym from ), is a Palestinian nationalist Sunni Islam, Sunni Islamism, Islamist political organisation with a military wing, the Qassam Brigades. It has Gaza Strip under Hama ...
a year earlier. They planned a trip to Israel and Egypt. In Israel, they met with
Shimon Peres Shimon Peres ( ; ; born Szymon Perski, ; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016) was an Israeli politician and statesman who served as the prime minister of Israel from 1984 to 1986 and from 1995 to 1996 and as the president of Israel from 2007 t ...
,
Tzipi Livni Tziporah Malka "Tzipi" Livni (, ; born 8 July 1958) is an Israeli politician, diplomat and lawyer. A former member of the Knesset and leader in the center-left political camp, Livni is a former Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel), foreign mini ...
,
Ami Ayalon Amichai "Ami" Ayalon (, born 27 June 1945) is an Israeli politician and a former member of the Knesset for the Labor Party. He was previously head of the Shin Bet, Israel's secret service, and commander-in-chief of the Navy. He came in second to ...
, and Galit's father. In Egypt, they met with Egyptian President
Hosni Mubarak Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 and the 41st Prime Minister of Egypt, prime minister from 1981 to ...
and
Omar Suleiman (politician) Omar Mahmoud Suleiman (, ; 2 July 1936 – 19 July 2012) was an Egyptian army general, politician, diplomat, and intelligence officer. A leading figure in Egypt's intelligence system beginning in 1986, Suleiman was appointed to the long-vaca ...
. Richardson and his team were acknowledged for their role in securing Shalit's release through a prisoner exchange.


North Korea


Kenneth Bae

In January 2013, Bergman, Richardson, and then-Google Executive Chairman
Eric Schmidt Eric Emerson Schmidt (born April 27, 1955) is an American businessman and former computer engineer who was the chief executive officer of Google from 2001 to 2011 and the company's chairman, executive chairman from 2011 to 2015. He also was the ...
traveled to
Pyongyang Pyongyang () is the Capital city, capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is sometimes labeled as the "Capital of the Revolution" (). Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. Accordi ...
, North Korea on a private diplomatic mission. Their efforts included seeking release of
Kenneth Bae Kenneth Bae (born Bae Jun-ho; born August 1, 1968) is a South Korean-born American Evangelical Christian missionary. Convicted by North Korea on charges of planning to overthrow the government, he was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment in Apr ...
, an imprisoned American Christian missionary, charged with crimes related to preaching against the North Korean government. The group delivered a letter to government officials for delivery to Bae. Following the visit, Richardson and Bergman published an opinion piece in
The Washington Post ''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington m ...
, advocating for a reset in relations with North Korea. Bae was ultimately released in November 2014.


Otto F. Warmbier

In September 2016, a delegation organized by the Richardson Center visited North Korea in a humanitarian mission supported by the
Obama administration Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. Obama, a Democrat from Illinois, took office following his victory over Republican nomine ...
. The delegation included Bergman, Rick Downes, and P. Willey, and at the time was the first such face-to-face contact in nearly two years. They discussed resuming the recovery of American soldiers' remains, aid for flood victims, and the release of Otto F. Warmbier, a University of Virginia student imprisoned in North Korea. Bergman emphasized the need to address both humanitarian aid and the return of Warmbier. Bergman played an ongoing role in the efforts to free Warmbier, working closely with Richardson and the Warmbier family. His strategy involved engaging directly with North Korean officials, utilizing personal relationships, and leveraging humanitarian gestures to support the negotiations for Warmbier's release. Despite these efforts, Warmbier returned to the U.S. in a coma and died shortly thereafter after 17 months of imprisonment.


Iran

Bergman and Richardson played roles in securing the release of Princeton graduate student Xiyue Wang from Iran in 2019. Wang had been detained in Iran for over three years. Acting on behalf of the Wang family and engaging with Iranian officials for months, the Richardson Center facilitated discussions that led to Wang's eventual release in a prisoner swap with Iranian scientist Masoud Soleimani in December 2019. Following the Wang-Soleimani exchange, they met with Iranian Foreign Minister
Mohammad Javad Zarif Mohammad Javad Zarif (; born 8 January 1960) is an Iranian career diplomat and academic. He served as the vice president for strategic affairs from August 2024 to March 2025.Michael R. White (U.S. veteran) and Robert Levinson. The Richardson Center was advocating for the release of both individuals on behalf of their families. Subsequently, Michael White was released in exchange for the United States allowing an Iranian-American physician to visit Iran. Levinson was declared to be presumed dead in 2020.


Myanmar

In late 2021, Bergman and Richardson traveled to Naypyitaw, Myanmar, ostensibly to discuss humanitarian aid and COVID-19, despite U.S. officials' caution against mentioning American journalist
Danny Fenster use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = , death_cause = , body_discovered = , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = ...
, detained there. They facilitated behind-the-scenes negotiations, met Myanmar's military leader
Min Aung Hlaing Min Aung Hlaing (born 3 July 1956) is a Burmese army general who has ruled Myanmar as the chairman of the State Administration Council, chairman of the State Administration Council (SAC) since seizing power in the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, Fe ...
and raised Fenster's case. They eventually secured Fenster's release, along with another activist, after months of detention.


Russia


Arrest of Trevor Reed

Bergman was involved in negotiating for the release of Trevor Reed with Russian officials. In early 2022, just before
Russia's invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
, Bergman and Richardson visited Russia to negotiate a potential prisoner swap involving Reed and Paul Whelan. Reed was ultimately released in a one-for-one prisoner swap for Konstantin Yaroshenko.


Brittney Griner

They played a crucial role in the efforts to secure
Brittney Griner Brittney Yvette Griner (; born October 18, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She is a three-time Olympic gold medalist with the U.S. women's natio ...
's release. Bergman worked behind the scenes with Griner's family and legal team. This included a trip to a country neighboring Russia for an 11-hour meeting aimed at preserving negotiation channels and understanding the Russian stance better. Although the White House did not officially recognize freelance diplomats as part of the negotiations, Bergman and Richardson engaged in back-channel communications with Russian officials. They provided information and insights to the
National Security Council A national security council (NSC) is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security. An NSC is often headed by a n ...
and Griner's family, contributing to the strategic discussions and decision-making process that ultimately led to Griner's release in a one-for-one swap for Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout. Following her release, she issued a statement expressing her gratitude: "We would like to extend a special thank you to Governor Richardson and Mickey Bergman of the Richardson Center for their dedicated efforts and for maintaining constant communication with us."


Taylor Dudley

His team at the Richardson Center played a crucial role in securing the release of Taylor Dudley, who had been detained in 2022 in Russia. They traveled to Moscow and Kaliningrad multiple times to liaise with Russian counterparts and conduits. Despite tensions with some U.S. administration officials, they leveraged Richardson's extensive network, including influential contacts like
Sergey Lavrov Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (, ; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2004. He is the longest-serving Russian foreign minister since Andrei Gromyko d ...
and
Ara Abramyan Ara Abrahamyan (; born 15 April 1957 in Malishka, Yeghegnadzor District, Armenia) () is a prominent Philanthropy, philanthropist, Activism, social activist, and businessmen. He was born in Malishka, a village in Vayots Dzor Province, Vayots D ...
, who had previously assisted in other detainee cases. Their efforts culminated in Dudley's release via the Poland-Russia border in January 2023.


Paul Whelan

He has been a steadfast advocate for the release of
Paul Whelan Paul Nicholas Whelan (born March 5, 1970) is a Canadian-born former United States Marine with U.S., British, Irish, and Canadian citizenship. Whelan left the Marines in 2008 with a bad conduct discharge after being convicted on multiple counts " ...
, navigating multiple negotiation attempts, including proposals involving notable Russian detainees like Viktor Bout, without success. Whelan has been imprisoned in Russia since December 2018.


Iraq

Bergman is currently advocating for
Elizabeth Tsurkov Elizabeth Tsurkov (; born November 11, 1986) is a Russian-Israeli researcher who was kidnapped in Baghdad in March 2023, and is being held by the group Kata'ib Hezbollah, an Iraqi militia backed by Iran. The militia had denied involvement in the ...
, a Russian-Israeli researcher who was kidnapped in Baghdad in March 2023 and is held by the group
Kata'ib Hezbollah Kata'ib Hezbollah (), also known as the Hezbollah Brigades, is an Iraqi Shia paramilitary group which is a part of the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), staffing the 45th, 46th, and 47th Brigades. During the Iraq War (2003–11), the g ...
. In November 2023, the group released a propaganda video using Tsurkov. Bergman viewed the video as a positive development, stating, "Any time a proof of life video is shared, it presents an opportunity to initiate a dialogue."


Venezuela

Bergman has been an advocate for the release of several Americans detained in Venezuela. In 2020, Richardson made a trip to Venezuela to personally appeal to President
Nicolás Maduro Nicolás Maduro Moros (; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician and former union leader serving as the 53rd president of Venezuela since 2013. Previously, he was the 24th Vice President of Venezuela, vice president from 2012 to 20 ...
for the release of American detainees. One release came in March 2022, when Gustavo Cárdenas of the Citgo Six was released, a result attributed in part to the efforts of Richardson and Bergman. Bergman and Richardson continued in their efforts to secure the release of other Americans detained in Venezuela, successfully achieving the release of the remainder of the Citgo Six in October 2022. They continued their advocacy, contributing to a broader exchange that led to the release of ten Americans, including Savoi Wright and Eyvin Hernandez, in December 2023.


Writings and commentary

Bergman has published numerous articles, interviews, and opinion pieces on hostage negotiations and international diplomacy. He is regularly quoted as a subject matter expert in these areas and frequently appears in television interviews. In 2024 Bergman wrote '' In the Shadows: True Stories of High-Stakes Negotiations to Free Americans Captured Abroad'' with
Ellis Henican Ellis Henican (born October 9, 1958) is an American columnist at ''Newsday'' and AM New York as well as a political analyst on the Fox News Channel. He hosts a nationally syndicated weekend show on Talk Radio Network and is the voice of "Stormy ...
. The memoir details Bergman's role in high-stakes hostage negotiations, providing an insider's perspective on the efforts to secure the release of Americans held captive overseas.


North Korea

Bergman has been interviewed numerous times on the topic of negotiations with North Korea. In March 2018, before the
2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit The 2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit, commonly known as the Singapore Summit, was a Summit (meeting), summit meeting between Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, North Korean Chairman Kim Jong Un and President of the Uni ...
, Bergman and Richardson published an opinion piece in the Washington Post. They argued that President Trump should meet with
Kim Jong Un Kim Jong Un (born 8 January 1983 or 1984) is a North Korean politician and dictator who has served as supreme leader of North Korea since 2011 and general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) since 2012. He is the third son of Kim ...
despite the improbability of North Korea abandoning its nuclear weapons because the meeting could pave the way for a valuable diplomatic breakthrough. They further argued that this encounter would support South Korean efforts, potentially secure the release of American prisoners, and revive efforts to recover the remains of U.S. soldiers. They posited that Trump must approach the negotiation with patience, a clear strategy, and avoid inflammatory rhetoric, as North Korea's negotiators are experienced and cautious. They believed that, while complete denuclearization is unlikely, a deal involving halting nuclear programs, easing sanctions, and a formal end to the Korean War could be achievable, which is crucial for reducing the risk of military conflict.


Myanmar

In their 2012
The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
article, Richardson and Bergman discussed Myanmar's cautious transition towards democracy and economic reform. They emphasized challenges such as poverty, governance capacity building, and ethnic reconciliation, urging urgent international engagement, especially from the United States, to support Myanmar effectively and prevent losing influence to China. Myanmar experienced a coup in 2021. In 2019, Bergman was interviewed on the plight of the
Rohingya people The Rohingya people (; ; ) are a stateless nation, stateless Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who predominantly follow Islam from Rakhine State, Myanmar. Before the Rohingya genocide in 2017, when over 740,000 fled to Ban ...
.


Israel-Palestine Conflict

In 2010, Bergman and Amjad Atallah published opinion piece that discussed the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict and proposed a shift from creating two ethnic states to two multi-ethnic states to better address core issues like borders, refugees, and settlers. They argued that status quo approaches, influenced by national narratives and demographic concerns, fail to create sustainable peace. They suggest a Permanent Residency Status allowing individuals to live and work in one state while holding citizenship and political rights in another. This solution aims to maintain national identities, address humanitarian concerns, and integrate the rights of Jewish settlers, Palestinian refugees, and Israeli Arabs, thereby fostering coexistence and reducing zero-sum dynamics. During the
Gaza war The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and southern Israel fought since 7 October 2023. A part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflict, Gaza–Israel conflicts dating ...
, Bergman has been interviewed as an expert in cease-fire and hostage negotiations. In May 2024, he gave an interview with
NPR National Public Radio (NPR) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It serves as a national Radio syndication, syndicator to a network of more ...
where he discussed Israel's transactional approach versus Hamas' focus on achieving a specific outcome in negotiations. He noted the core issues: Israel seeks hostages for a temporary cease-fire, while Hamas insists on a permanent end to hostilities. Bergman highlighted time pressure, worsening conditions, and external mediation (U.S., Egypt, Qatar) as factors influencing potential progress. He suggested these dynamics, coupled with imminent military actions and public awareness of hostage situations, might spur both sides to reach a resolution.


Venezuela

In a 2024,
Vanity Fair (magazine) ''Vanity Fair'' is an American monthly magazine of popular culture, fashion, and current affairs published by Condé Nast in the United States. The first version of ''Vanity Fair'' was published from 1913 to 1936. The imprint was revived in ...
article, he provided context regarding Venezuela's internal dynamics and hostage-taking. He discussed
Alex Saab Alex Nain Saab Morán (born 21 December 1971) is a Colombian-born Venezuelan businessman, who has served as Venezuela’s Minister of Industry and National Production since 18 October 2024. Saab was the subject of journalistic investigations fo ...
's portrayal as a freedom fighter within Venezuela under
Nicolás Maduro Nicolás Maduro Moros (; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician and former union leader serving as the 53rd president of Venezuela since 2013. Previously, he was the 24th Vice President of Venezuela, vice president from 2012 to 20 ...
. Bergman noted Saab's extradition in October 2021 by the
United States Department of Justice The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a United States federal executive departments, federal executive department of the U.S. government that oversees the domestic enforcement of Law of the Unite ...
, followed on the same day by Citgo employees being sent back to prison from house arrest. Subsequently, he notes the arrests of Osman Khan and Eyvin Hernandez in the months that followed. He argues that these actions, viewed through Venezuela's narrative of Saab as a political prisoner wrongly detained in the United States, exacerbated tensions and prompted retaliatory measures from the Maduro government.


Hostages and prisoners


Family campaigns

Bergman has supported the Bring Our Families Home campaign. In 2022, Bergman explained to NPR that families of Americans wrongfully detained abroad are shifting from staying quiet to being more vocal. He explained further that silence was believed to help diplomatic efforts, but recent successes like Trevor Reed's release through public advocacy have changed this approach. He noticed that families now realize that staying quiet often protects captors and reduces government urgency. Bergman emphasizes that captors seek political leverage, not influence from family statements, so public campaigns should target the U.S. administration.


Prisoner exchanges

Bergman is one of the experts advocating for a reevaluation of the U.S. "no concessions" policy in negotiations for American hostages, a strategy originally intended to discourage kidnappings. In response to the argument that prisoner exchanges create a false equivalence between innocent American hostages and convicted felonts, and that such swaps incentivize hostage-taking, Bergman told the Associated Press: "The framing is wrong. Because it’s not about the guilty people that get released, it’s about the innocent Americans that come back home. And so I reverse the question and say: Is leaving ... innocent Americans to rot in prisons around the world worth the insistence of us having criminals, foreign criminals, serve their full time in the American system?”


Works

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bergman, Mickey Living people 1976 births People from Arlington County, Virginia University of California, Los Angeles alumni Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni Walsh School of Foreign Service faculty Academics from Tel Aviv American people of Israeli descent 21st-century American diplomats Hostage negotiators