Michael John (born 1954 in

Linz Linz ( , ; cs, Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria. In the north of the country, it is on the Danube south of the Czech border. In 2018, the population was 204,846. In 2009, it was a European Capital ...

Upper Austria Upper Austria (german: Oberösterreich ; bar, Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, an ...

) is an

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...

and exhibitions-

curator A curator (from la, cura, meaning "to take care") is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the parti ...

, internationally known for his research on European and Jewish migration, and on

Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

(like

Nazi plunder Nazi plunder (german: Raubkunst) was the stealing of art and other items which occurred as a result of the organized looting of European countries during the time of the Nazi Party in Germany. The looting of Polish and Jewish property was a k ...

Forced labour under German rule during World War II The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany (german: Zwangsarbeit) and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the German economic exploitation of conquered te ...

, or

the Holocaust in Austria The Holocaust in Austria was the systematic persecution, plunder and extermination of Jews by German and Austrian Nazis from 1938 to 1945. An estimated 65,000 Jews were murdered and 125,000 forced to flee Austria as refugees. Jews in Austria befor ...

Biography

Michael John finished his high school education 1971 with the

Matura or its translated terms (''Mature'', ''Matur'', , , , , , ) is a Latin name for the secondary school exit exam or "maturity diploma" in various European countries, including Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cz ...

at the so-called "Academic" Gymnasium in Linz, and studied from 1972 to 1980

History History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

und

Political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and ...

at the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich h ...

. During his studies he turned to

Social Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from ...

and

Economic history Economic history is the academic learning of economies or economic events of the past. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the application of economic theory to historical situations and i ...

, and graduated 1980 as

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is a ...

with a thesis on

housing Housing, or more generally, living spaces, refers to the construction and housing authority, assigned usage of houses or buildings individually or collectively, for the purpose of Shelter (building), shelter. Housing ensures that members of so ...

of the working and lower classes in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

around

1900 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), ...

(see John 1982, John 1984). He started his scientific career 1985 at the Institute for Social and Economic History (University of Vienna), and continued it 1986 at the Institute for Social and Economic History at the

University of Linz The Johannes Kepler University Linz (German: ''Johannes Kepler Universität Linz'', short: ''JKU'') is a public institution of higher education in Austria. It is located in Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. It offers bachelor's, master's ...

. There he advanced from

Assistant professor Assistant Professor is an academic rank just below the rank of an associate professor used in universities or colleges, mainly in the United States and Canada. Overview This position is generally taken after earning a doctoral degree and gene ...

(1993) to

Associate professor Associate professor is an academic title with two principal meanings: in the North American system and that of the ''Commonwealth system''. Overview In the '' North American system'', used in the United States and many other countries, it is ...

(2001, after his

Habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including ...

with a study on the population of Linz in the 19th and 20th century as result of national and international migration, see John 2000). He was deputy head (2008-2014, 2017–2019) and head (2015-2017) of the Institute of Social and Economic History at the University of Linz. Michael John 2011 – 2019 was also head of the Institute of Cultural Economics and Cultural Research (Institut für Kulturwirtschaft und Kulturforschung (KUWI) at the University of Linz). He was also guest professor at the

University of Salzburg The University of Salzburg (german: Universität Salzburg), also known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (''Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg'', PLUS), is an Austrian public university in Salzburg municipality, Salzburg state, named a ...

(1992), at the

Central European University Central European University (CEU) is a private research university accredited in Austria, Hungary, and the United States, with campuses in Vienna and Budapest. The university is known for its highly intensive programs in the social sciences and ...

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

(1995), the

Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( sl, Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti (SAZU)) is the national academy of Slovenia, which encompasses science and the arts and brings together the top Slovene researchers and artists as members ...

Ljubljana Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the a ...

(2001), and the

University of Nova Gorica The University of Nova Gorica, UNG ( sl, Univerza v Novi Gorici), is the fourth university in Slovenia. It is located in the towns of Nova Gorica, Gorizia (in Italy), Vipava, and Ajdovščina. History The University of Nova Gorica grew out of ...

(School of Humanities, Cultural Studies) (2004).

Research focuses

Michael John concentrated his historical research on several focuses, which he treated not only by scientific research, but also by

Applied history Applied history is the effort to apply insights grounded in the study of the past to the challenges of the present, particularly in the area of policy-making. Applied history is closely associated with the field of public history, and the terms to ...

, curating exhibitions on relevant themes. See here the main focuses: *

Aryanization Aryanization (german: Arisierung) was the Nazi term for the seizure of property from Jews and its transfer to non-Jews, and the forced expulsion of Jews from economic life in Nazi Germany, Axis-aligned states, and their occupied territories. I ...

and its

restitution The law of restitution is the law of gains-based recovery, in which a court orders the defendant to ''give up'' their gains to the claimant. It should be contrasted with the law of compensation, the law of loss-based recovery, in which a court ...

Michael John has conducted intensive research on

, especially on the history of

, on aspects of

, with focus on plundered/

looted art Looted art has been a consequence of looting during war, natural disaster and riot for centuries. Looting of art, archaeology and other cultural property may be an opportunistic criminal act or may be a more organized case of unlawful or uneth ...

and its restitution from the property of Austrian museums (see here John 2012b, John 2007a, John 2004a). Here he also studied aspects of forced labour under Nazi rule (see f.e. John 2012a). He curated an exhibition on the topic of forced labor (see exhibition 2014). *

Jewish history Jewish history is the history of the Jews, and their nation, religion, and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions, and cultures. Although Judaism as a religion first appears in Greek records during the Hellenisti ...

and Jewish migration in and from

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the ...

In the context of

-research in Austria Michael John did studies on Jewish persecution and the

History of Jews in Germany The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (''circa'' 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish ...

and in Austria 1933 - 1945 (see John 2021a, John 2014a). He did also investigations on general Jewish migration in the

Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with t ...

before 1918 (see here f.e. John 2011, John 1999a). Additionally he studied the

emigration Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country). Conversely, immigration describes the movement of people into one country from another (to permanentl ...

of Jewish people after the

Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...

and

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

, the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...

and other areas (see here f.e. John 2002b). Here he curated (with Albert Lichtblau) an exhibition on the

Righteous Among the Nations Righteous Among the Nations ( he, חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, ; "righteous (plural) of the world's nations") is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to s ...

of Austria, exhibition 2015–2021. * General

Migration studies Migration studies is the academic study of human migration. Migration studies is an interdisciplinary field which draws on anthropology, prehistory, history, economics, law, sociology and postcolonial studies. Origin and development of migration ...

Michael John did several studies on aspects of migration within and from Europe (see here f.e. John 2014b, John 1996a). He researched aspects of immigration to

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

(see f.e. John 2019a, John 1990) and to

(see f.e. John 2000, John 1995) in the 19th and 20th century. Later he concentrated on

Labour migration A migrant worker is a person who migrates within a home country or outside it to pursue work. Migrant workers usually do not have the intention to stay permanently in the country or region in which they work. Migrant workers who work outsi ...

to Central Europe from a European "fringe" (like

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label= Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavij ...

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wit ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

; (see f.e. John 2004b, John 2003). Here he also curated exhibitions, like „''Gekommen und Geblieben: 50 Jahre Arbeitsmigration in OÖ. hey came and stayed: 50 years of labour migration in Upper Austria'“ (exhibition 2014–2018), "''Crossing Borders''" (exhibition 2004), or Migration - eine Zeitreise nach Europa igration - A Time Travel to Europe *

Urban history Urban history is a field of history that examines the historical nature of cities and towns, and the process of urbanization. The approach is often multidisciplinary, crossing boundaries into fields like social history, architectural history, urb ...

Here Michael John did research on the

of lower/ working classes in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

around 1900 (see John 1982, John 1984), and studied the

Demographic history Demographic history is the reconstructed record of human population in the past. Given the lack of population records prior to the 1950s, there are many gaps in our record of demographic history. Historical demographers must make do with estimates, ...

as immigration city (see here John 2000, John 2015). This focus on

was also the center of curating the 2021 Upper Austrian Federal State Exhibition ö. Landesausstellung 2021in

Steyr Steyr (; Central Bavarian: ''Steia'') is a statutory city, located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria. It is the administrative capital, though not part of Steyr-Land District. Steyr is Austria's 12th most populated town and the 3rd ...

(''„Arbeit - Wohlstand - Macht“ ork - Prosperity - Power') co-curated by Michael John (see John 2021, exhibition 2021). *

Popular culture Popular culture (also called mass culture or pop culture) is generally recognized by members of a society as a set of practices, beliefs, artistic output (also known as, popular art or mass art) and objects that are dominant or prevalent in ...

Sports Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical activity or game that aims to use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Sports can, ...

(especially Soccer),

Consumer A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or uses purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities. ...

culture,

Mobilities Mobilities is a contemporary paradigm in the social sciences that explores the movement of people (human migration, individual mobility, travel, transport), ideas (see e.g. meme) and things (transport), as well as the broader social implications o ...

Michael John worked here in several studies and publications primarily on the history and social meaning of Soccer in Austria and Germany (see f.e. John 2008, John 1997). He additionally did research on the history of

Consumerism Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. With the Industrial Revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass production led to overproduction—the ...

(see f.e. John 2010, John 2001a) and on the history of

. Here he curated an exhibition „''Fussball: Geschichten & Geschichte occer: stories and history'“ (exhibition 2008). * History of

Abuse Abuse is the improper usage or treatment of a thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other t ...

in Youth Welfare, Childcare and Children's/ Youth homes in Austria Michael John was member of several Austrian commissions of historians to examine child and youth abuse in Austrian children's and youth homes (

Borstal A Borstal was a type of youth detention centre in the United Kingdom, several member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth and the Republic of Ireland. In India, such a detention centre is known as a Borstal school. Borstals were ...

s, like

-Wegscheid,

- Gleink, or

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, Schloss Wilhelminenberg#child abuse scandal) (see John 2006, John 2018). Here extensive and severe abuse of children and youngsters was proved. He also organized an exhibition in this context = Exhibition on the History of the Upper Austrian Youth Home in Linz-Wegscheid (exhibition 2006)

Curated Exhibitions (a selection)

* 2021: ''„Arbeit - Wohlstand - Macht ork - Prosperity - Power��'' (Curator and Scientific Head, with Herta Neiss), Oö. Landesausstellung pper Austrian Provincial Exhibition2021. * 2015 – 2021: ''„Die Gerechten“. Courage ist eine Frage der Entscheidung [The

. Courage is a Question of Decision-Making]'' (curated with Albert Lichtblau and Manfred Lindorfer); at several locations: Vienna, Linz, Steyr. * 2014 – 2018: ''„Gekommen und Geblieben“. 50 Jahre Arbeitsmigration in Österreich ["They Came and Stayed". 50 Years of Labour Migration in Austria]'' (curated with Manfred Lindorfer und Marion Wisinger); at several locations in Upper Austria: Linz, Ried im Innkreis, Ried,

and others. * since 2014 (Cooperation as Member of the Commission " Forced labour in the VOEST"): ''„Gegen den Willen und fern der Heimat“. Zeitgeschichteausstellung 1938–1945 Aigainst Their Will and Far Away from Home". Contemporary History Exhibition 1938 - 1945', permanent exhibition, Linz: Corporate Headquarters of the VOEST Linz * 2009: ''Stadt im Glück ity in Luck' (Scientific Cooperation and Co-Curator, with Thomas Philipp, Lydia Thanner, Andre Zogholy), Exhibition in the Linz City Museum Nordico], as part of the European Capital of Culture Linz 2009. * 2008: ''„Fussball: Geschichten & Geschichte occer: Stories and History��'' (main Curator), Exhibition in the Schlossmuseum Linz * 2006: ''„WEGSCHEID - Von der Korrektionsbaracke zum sozialpädagogischen Jugendwohnheim“. Eine Ausstellung ["WEGSCHEID - from a

Barrack to a Social Pedagogical Accommodation". An Exhibition]'' (main Curator), at several locations: Linz-Wegscheid and Schloss Hartheim, Hartheim (Upper Austria). * 2004: ''„Crossing Borders“'' (main Curator), Exhibition in the Museum Arbeitswelt Steyr * 2003: ''Migration - eine Zeitreise nach Europa igration - A Time Travel to Europe' (Concept and Scientific Coordination, with Manfred Lindorfer), Exhibition in the Museum Arbeitswelt Steyr * 1998: ''„Tradition - Innovation. Industrie im Wandel. Vergangenheit, Gegenwart, Zukunft“ radition - Innovation. Manufacturing Industry through the Ages' (Scientific Head, together with Roman Sandgruber), Part of the Upper Austrian Provincial Exhibition 1998 („Land der Hämmer and of Sledges“, in the former Reithoffer Factory, Steyr

Publications (a selection)

Up to now (2022) Michael John has published 20 books as author, co-author, editor or co-editor, and more than 180 journal-articles/ book-contributions as author or co-author in German and English. Here a selection of 35 publications is noted: * 2021b: ''Arbeit - Wohlstand - Macht. Oberösterreichische Landesausstellung

2021 ork - Prosperity - Power. Upper Austrian Provincial Exhibition Steyr 2021' (ed. with Herta Neiss), Trauner Editors, Linz/A 2021, . * 2021a: ''„A Great Foundation with Unimaginable Development Opportunities“. The Rothschild Foundation for Nervous Patients in Vienna'', in: Gabriele Kothbauer-Fritz and Tom Juncker (eds. for the

Jewish Museum Vienna The Jüdisches Museum Wien, trading as ''Jüdisches Museum der Stadt Wien GmbH'' or the Jewish Museum Vienna, is a museum of Jewish history, life and religion in Austria. The museum is present on two locations, in the Palais Eskeles in the Doro ...

): The Vienna

Rothschilds The Rothschild family ( , ) is a wealthy Ashkenazi Jewish family originally from Frankfurt that rose to prominence with Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), a court factor to the German Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel in the Free City of F ...

. A Thriller, Amalthea Editors, Vienna 2021, , pp. 188–199. * 2019b: (with Angela Wegscheider and Marion Wisinger): ''Verantwortung und Aufarbeitung. Untersuchung über Gründe und Bedingungen von Gewalt in Einrichtungen der Caritas der Diözese Linz nach 1945 esponsibility and Reappraisal. Investigation of the Causes and Conditions of Violence in Caritas Borstals of the Diocese of Linz after 1945', Caritas of the

Diocese of Linz The Diocese of Linz ( la, Dioecesis Linciensis) is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vienna, Austria. History Early history In the early Middle Ages the greater part of the territory of the present Diocese of Linz was subject to the bishops of ...

(ed. Franz Kehrer), Linz/A 2019, . * 2019a: ''Zur Migration nach Wien in der Habsburgermonarchie. Nostalgie und Realität Habsburg monarchy. Nostalgia and Reality">House_of_Habsburg.html" ;"title="igration to Vienna during the House of Habsburg">Habsburg monarchy. Nostalgia and Reality', in: Senol Grasl-Akkilic, Marcus Schober and Regina Schober (eds.): Aspekte der österreichischen Migrationsgeschichte Migration history">spects of Austrian human migration">Migration history Edition Atelier, Vienna 2019, , pp. 60–97. * 2018: ''Heimerziehung in Oberösterreich [Child and Youth Welfare Institutions (

s) in Upper Austria]'' (with Dieter Binder and Wolfgang Reder), Upper Austrian Federal Archive (Oö. Landesarchiv), Linz/A 2018, . * 2015: ''Vom nationalen Hort zur postmodernen City. Zur Migrations- und Identitätsgeschichte der Stadt Linz im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert rom National Shelter to Postmodern City. On the History of Migration and Urban Identity during the 20th and 21st Century in Linz', Archive of the city of Linz (Archiv der Stadt Linz), Linz/A 2015, . * 2014b: ''Migration in Austria, an Overview 1920s to 2000s'', in: Johannes Feichtinger and Gary Cohen (eds.): Understanding

Multiculturalism The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use. In sociology and in everyday usage, it is a synonym for "Pluralism (political theory), ethnic pluralism", with the tw ...

and the Habsburg Central European Experience, Berghahn Books, New York etc., , pp. 122–157. * 2014a: ''Dislocation, Trauma and Selective Memory. Recollections of Jewish

Displaced Persons Forced displacement (also forced migration) is an involuntary or coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region. The UNHCR defines 'forced displacement' as follows: displaced "as a result of persecution, conflict, ...

'', in: Holocaust and Genocide Studies. A Journal of Culture and History (

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust. Adjacent to the National Mall in Washington, D.C., the USHMM provides for the documentation, study, and interpretation of Holocaust hi ...

, Washington/DC), ISSN , vol. 19 (2014), no. 3, pp. 73–104. * 2012b: ''Die „Connection“

Bad Aussee Bad Aussee (Central Bavarian: ''Bod Ossee'') is a town in the Austrian state of Styria, located at the confluence of the three sources of the Traun River in the Ausseerland region. Bad Aussee serves as the economic and cultural center of the Styri ...

Berlin Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...

. Kunsthandel mit Folgen he „Connection“ Bad Aussee - Berlin - Linz. Art-Dealing with Consequences', in: Eva Blimlinger and Monika Mayr (eds.): Kunst Sammeln, Kunst Handeln ollecting and Dealing Art Böhlau Editors, Vienna etc. 2012, , pp. 101–118. * 2012a: ''Repression. Reconciliation. Removal? On the Past of the „

Führer ( ; , spelled or ''Fuhrer'' when the umlaut is not available) is a German word meaning " leader" or " guide". As a political title, it is strongly associated with the Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler. Nazi Germany cultivated the ("leader princi ...

City Linz“'', in: Andrea Bina and Lorenz Potocnik (eds.): Architecture in Linz 1900–2011, Ambra Editors, Vienna and New York 2012, , pp. 113–116. * 2011: ''Galician Jews in Austria in the 18th to the Early 20th Century'', in: Klaus Bade, Pieter Emmer, Leo Lucassen and Jochen Oltmer (eds.): The Encyclopedia of Migration and Minorities in Europe. From the 17th Century to the Present, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/UK 2011, , pp. 400–402. * 2010: ''Jews as Consumers and Providers in Provincial Towns: The Example of Linz and Salzburg, Austria, 1900-1938'', in: Gideon Reuveni and Nils Roemer (eds.): Longing, Belonging, and the Making of Jewish Consumer Culture, Brill Publ., Leiden/NL & Boston/USA 2010, , pp. 141–164. * 2008: ''„... wenn der Rasen brennt ...“ : 100 Jahre Fußball in Oberösterreich ��... when the Turf is Burning ...". 100 Years of Soccer in Upper Austria' (ed. with Franz Steinmassl), Steinmassl Editors, Gruenbach (

) 2008, . * 2006: ''Ein „kultureller Code “? Antisemitismus im österreichischen Sport der Ersten Republik "Cultural Code"? Antisemitism in Austrian Sports during the Interwar period">Antisemitism.html" ;"title=" "Cultural Code"? Antisemitism"> "Cultural Code"? Antisemitism in Austrian Sports during the Interwar period]'', in: Michael Brenner (historian), Michael Brenner and Gideon Reuveni (eds.): Emanzipation durch Muskelkraft. Juden und Sport in Europa [Emancipation by Physical Strength. Jews and Sports in Europe], Brill Europe, Goettingen/BRD etc. 2006, , pp. 121–142. * 2004b: ''Von Wien nach Hollywood - Erich von Stroheim und Josef von Sternberg rom Vienna to Hollywood: Erich von Stroheim and Josef von Sternberg">Erich von Stroheim">rom Vienna to Hollywood: Erich von Stroheim and Josef von Sternberg'', in: Eleonore Lappin-Epple (ed.): Jews and Film/ Juden und Film, Mandelbaum Editors, Vienna etc. 2004, , pp. 2–13. * 2004a: ''„Arisierungen“, beschlagnahmte Vermögen, Rückstellungen und Entschädigungen in Oberösterreich [„

“,

and

Restitution The law of restitution is the law of gains-based recovery, in which a court orders the defendant to ''give up'' their gains to the claimant. It should be contrasted with the law of compensation, the law of loss-based recovery, in which a court ...

s in Upper Austria]'' (with Daniela Ellmauer and Regina Thumser-Woehs), Oldenbourg, Vienna etc. 2004, . * 2003b: ''National Movements and Imperial Ethnic Hegemonies in Austria 1867-1918'', in: Dirk Hoerder, Christiane Harzig and Adrian Shubert (eds.): The Historical Practice of Diversity: Transcultural Interactions from the Early Modern Mediterranean to the Postcolonialism, Postcolonial World, Berghahn Books, New York etc. 2003, , pp. 87–108. * 2003a ''„Migration - eine Zeitreise nach Europa“ igration - A Time Journey to Europe' (ed. with Manfred Lindorfer), Exhibition catalogue = kursiv. eine kunst zeitschrift aus oberösterreich lso: kursiv - an art journal in Upper Austria vol. 10 (2003), no. 1/2, no ISBN or ISSN.Web-archive of the magazine "kursiv"
accessed February 17, 2022. * 2002b: ''Upper Austria, Intermediate Stop: Reception Camps and Housing Schemes for Jewish DPs and Refugees in Transit'', in: Thomas Albrich and

Ronald W. Zweig Ronald W. Zweig is an Australian-Israeli historian specializing in Hebrew and Judaic studies, with particular reference to the British Mandate in Palestine.Barkat, Amiram"A major in Israel" ''Haaretz'', April 8, 2005. He is currently the Marilyn ...

(eds.): Escape through Austria. Jewish Refugees and the Austrian Route to

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East J ...

, Routledge, London etc. 2002, , pp. 21–46. * 2002a: (with Albert Lichtblau) ''The Synagogues in Linz and Salzburg'', in: Jewish Central Europe - Past. Presence, Institut für Geschichte der Juden in Ôsterreich, Ausgabe 2002,

Sankt Pölten Sankt Pölten (; Central Bavarian: ''St. Pödn''), mostly abbreviated to the official name St. Pölten, is the capital and largest city of the State of Lower Austria in northeast Austria, with 55,538 inhabitants as of 1 January 2020. St. Pölte ...

2002, pp. 70ff. * 2001: ''Warenhaus und Massenkonsum. Zur Etablierung moderner Konsumkultur in der oberösterreichischen Landeshauptstadt im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert

Shopping Malls A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a North American term for a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores. The term "mall" originally meant a pedestrian promenade with shops along it (that is, the term was used to ref ...

. On the Establishment of Modern

in the Upper Austrian Capital city from the 19th to the 20th Century]'', in: Herbert Kalb and Roman Sandgruber (eds.): Festschrift Rudolf Zinnhobler zum 70. Geburtstag ["Festschrift" for Rudolf Zinnhobler on his 70th Birthday], Trauner Editors, Linz 2001, , pp. 97–120. * 1999a: (with Albert Lichtblau): ''Jewries in

Galicia Galicia may refer to: Geographic regions * Galicia (Spain), a region and autonomous community of northwestern Spain ** Gallaecia, a Roman province ** The post-Roman Kingdom of the Suebi, also called the Kingdom of Gallaecia ** The medieval King ...

and

Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter Berge ...

, in

Lemberg Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...

and Czernovitz. Two Divergent Examples of Jewish Communities in the Far East of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy'', in:

Sander Gilman Sander L. Gilman, born on February 21, 1944, is an American cultural and literary historian. He is known for his contributions to Jewish studies and the history of medicine. He is the author or editor of over ninety books. Gilman's focus is on m ...

and Milton Shain (eds.): Jewries at the Frontiers, University of Illinois Press, Urbana & Chicago 1999, , pp. 29–66. * 1999b: ''„We Do Not Even Possess Our Selves“: On Identity and Ethnicity in Austria 1880 – 1937'', in: Austrian History Yearbook (Minneapolis, Univ. of Minnesota, Center for Austrian Studies), ISSN , Vol. 30 (1999), pp. 17–64. * 1997: ''Österreich. Zur Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte des Fußballsports in Österreich

Cultural Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor ...

and Social History of Soccer in Austria]'', in: Christiane Eisenberg (ed.): Fußball, Soccer, Calcio. Ein englischer Sport auf seinem Weg um die Welt Soccer and Calcio Fiorentino, Calcio. An English Sport Spreads around the World], dtb Publishers, Munich 1997, , pp. 65–93. * 1996b: ''„Straßenkrawalle und Exzesse“. Formen des sozialen Protests der Unterschichten in Wien 1880 – 1918 Street Riots and Excesses". Forms of Social Protest">Riot.html" ;"title="Street Riot">Street Riots and Excesses". Forms of Social Protest of Lower classes in Vienna 1880-1918]'', in: Gerhard Melinz and Susan Zimmermann (eds.): Wien, Prag, Budapest. ''Blütezeit der Habsburgmetropolen: Urbanisierung, Kommunalpolitik, gesellschaftliche Konflikte (1867-1918) [Vienna, Prague, Budapest. Blooming Period aof Habsburg Metropolises ... 18^^^^^^67 - 1918]'', Promedia Edition, Vienna 1996, , pp. 230–244. * 1996a: ''Push and Pull Factors for Oversea Migrants from Austria-Hungary in the 19th and 20th Centuries'', in: Franz Szabo (ed.): Austrian Immigration to Canada. Selected Essays, McGill-Queen's University Press, Ottawa 1996, , pp. 55–82. * 1995: ''Displaced Persons in Linz. 'Versetzte Personen' und Flüchtlinge der Nachkriegszeit Post_World-War_II.html" ;"title="isplaced Persons and Refugees in Linzin the Post-War, Post World-War II">isplaced Persons and Refugees in Linzin the Post World-War II Period', in: Willibald Katzinger and Fritz Mayrhofer (eds.): Prinzip Hoffnung - Linz zwischen Befreiung und Freiheit [Principles of Hope - Linz between Liberation and Freedom Linz City Museum „Nordico“ Catalogues, Linz/A 1995, pp. 213–230. * 1994: ''The Austrian Labor Movement 1867 - 1914: Plebeian protest, Working-Class Struggles and the Nationality Question'', in: Dirk Hoerder and Horst Roessler (eds.): Roots of the Transplanted, vol. 2: Plebians Culture, Class and Politics in the Life of Labor Migrants, Columbia Univ. Press, New York etc. 1994, , pp. 100–132. * 1990: ''Schmelztiegel Wien - einst und jetzt. Geschichte und Gegenwart der Zuwanderung nach Wien elting Pot Vienna. On the History and Presence of Immigration in Vienna' (with Albert Lichtblau]), Böhlau Editors, Vienna etc. 1990, . * 1989: ''Angst, Kooperation und Widerstand. Die autochthonen Minderheiten Österreichs 1938-1945 ear, Cooperation and Resistance. Autochthoneous Minority group, Minorities in Austria 1938 - 1945]'', in: Zeitgeschichte, ISSN , vol. 17, no. 2 (November 1989), pp. 66–89. * 1988: ''Zuwanderung in Österreich 1848-1914. Zu ökonomisch und psychologisch bedingten Faktoren der Zuwanderung [Immigration in Austria 1848 - 1914: Economical and Psychological Factors]'', in: Archiv. Jahrbuch des Vereins für Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, Vienna 1988, pp. 102–132. * 1986: ''Obdachlosigkeit - Massenerscheinung und Unruheherd im Wien der Spätgründerzeit

Homelessness Homelessness or houselessness – also known as a state of being unhoused or unsheltered – is the condition of lacking stable, safe, and adequate housing. People can be categorized as homeless if they are: * living on the streets, also kn ...

- Mass Phenomenon and Trouble Spot in the Viennese Late

Gründerzeit (; "founders' period") was the economic phase in 19th-century Germany and Austria before the great stock market crash of 1873. In Central Europe, the age of industrialisation had been taking place since the 1840s. That period is not precisely ...

]'', in: Hubert Ch. Ehalt, Gernot Heiß and Hannes Stekl (eds.): Glücklich ist, wer vergisst ...? Das andere Wien um 1900 appy is He who Forgets ...? The other Vienna around 1900 Böhlau Editors, Vienna etc. 1986, , pp. 173–195. * 1984: ''Wohnverhältnisse sozialer Unterschichten im Wien Kaiser Franz Josephs

Franz Joseph Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until hi ...

]'', Europa Publishers, Vienna 1984, . * 1982: ''Hausherrenmacht und Mieterelend. Wohnverhältnisse und Wohnerfahrung der Unterschichten in Wien 1890 - 1923 Landlord Power and Tenant's Hardships. Housing Situation and Experiences of Lower Classes in Vienna 1890 - 1923]'', Gesellschaftskritik Publishers, Vienna 1982, .

References

External links

*
VIAF documentation of Michael John (historian)

personal page Michael John (historian) at the Institute for Social and Economic History

.
personal page Michael John (historian) at the Institute for Cultural Economy and Cultural research

.
Entries for Michael John (historian) in the FODOK research database

.
Michael John at WiWi-online
{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Michael Living people 1954 births Historians of Austria Academic staff of Johannes Kepler University Linz Social historians Historians of Nazism Urban historians 21st-century Austrian historians Austrian curators