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Michael A. James Baldasaro (May 23, 1949 – June 9, 2016) was a Canadian political and religious figure from
Hamilton, Ontario Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Hamilton has a population of 569,353, and its census metropolitan area, which includes Burlington and Grimsby, has a population of 785,184. The city is approximately southwest of ...
. He presided over a religious sect known as the Church of the Universe. Baldasaro received significant media coverage over his lifetime for his advocacy on behalf of marijuana legalization, as well as his status as a perennial candidate in numerous Hamilton-area elections.


The Church of the Universe

Baldasaro was a member of the Church of the Universe, where he was commonly known as Brother Michael. The Church has been in existence since 1969, when it was founded by the late Walter Tucker, and Baldasaro remained continuously active in its operations. Its members use
marijuana Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in variou ...
as a sacrament and previously operated from the Church Headquarters, an abandoned rock quarry near
Puslinch, Ontario Puslinch () is a township in south-central Ontario, Canada, in Wellington County, surrounding the south end of Guelph. The main source of production is agricultural, spring water bottling and mining. Aggregate mining has been dominant throughout ...
. The quarry was named 'Clearwater Abbey', which church members called 'a beautiful oasis' where they could practice
naturism Naturism is a lifestyle of practising non-sexual social nudity in private and in public; the word also refers to the cultural movement which advocates and defends that lifestyle. Both may alternatively be called nudism. Though the two terms a ...
and cultivate marijuana. In 2004, after selling small amounts of marijuana on multiple occasions to an undercover police officer at their Barton Street, Hamilton residence, Baldasaro and Tucker were arrested and charged with trafficking. In 2007, they pleaded not guilty to the charges but after a lengthy trial, a jury found them both guilty. At their sentencing hearing in April 2008, Baldasaro, who had 12 previous trafficking convictions, was sentenced to a two-year penitentiary term while Tucker was sentenced to a one-year reformatory term.
The Crown The Crown is the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their subdivisions (such as the Crown Dependencies, overseas territories, provinces, or states). Legally ill-defined, the term has differen ...
also applied to the court to have the property from which they distributed marijuana and their Church forfeited to the federal government as an offence-related property, and the Crown's application was granted.


Political activities

Baldasaro, a
perennial candidate A perennial candidate is a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins. Perennial candidates' existence lies in the fact that in some countries, there are no laws that limit a number of times a person can ...
, saw his support peak in 1988, when he was the sole opponent of incumbent mayor
Bob Morrow Robert Maxwell Morrow (August 9, 1946 – February 4, 2018) was a Canadian politician who served as 52nd mayor of Hamilton from 1982 to 2000. He was the longest-serving mayor in the city's history. Political career Born in Hamilton, Morrow fi ...
. He received over 7,500 votes, which was approximately 10% of the vote.Peters, Ken. "Pot-puffing candidate could be a spoiler," ''The Hamilton Spectator'', October 23, 1991, Metro Section (B1) Baldasaro stood in the 2004 Ward 2 by-election, following the resignation of
Andrea Horwath Andrea Horwath (; born October 24, 1962) is a Canadian politician who has been the 58th mayor of Hamilton since 2022. Horwath previously served as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Hamilton Centre from 2004 to 2022, as leader of th ...
, and placed seventh out of eleven candidates with 52 votes. In 2006, Baldasaro again ran for mayor of Hamilton and received 4,520 votes or 3.6% of the total vote. Baldasaro ran for
Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. ...
three times. In
1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast As ...
, Baldasaro received 300 votes as a
Libertarian Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's e ...
candidate in the federal riding of Hamilton West. In
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
, Baldasaro won 573 votes as a
Marijuana Party of Canada The Marijuana Party (french: Parti Marijuana) is a Canadian federal political party, whose agenda focuses on issues related to cannabis in Canada. Apart from this one issue, the party has no other official policies, meaning party candidates ar ...
candidate in Hamilton East. In
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
, Baldasaro received 345 votes as an independent candidate in
Hamilton Centre Hamilton Centre (french: Hamilton-Centre) is a federal electoral district in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. History It was created in 2003 from parts of Hamilton East, Ham ...
. Baldasaro also announced he would be a candidate for the
Progressive Conservative leadership convention The first Progressive Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held in 1927, when the party was called the Conservative Party. Prior to then the party's leader was chosen by the caucus or in several cases by the Governor General of Can ...
in 1998. He developed a plan to revitalize the party's flagging poll numbers by encouraging direct democracy, pardoning individuals convicted on marijuana possession, cutting government pensions and making the words to
O Canada "O Canada" (french: Ô Canada, italic=no) is the national anthem of Canada. The song was originally commissioned by Lieutenant Governor of Quebec Théodore Robitaille for the 1880 Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony; Calixa Lavallée composed the mus ...
gender neutral. Baldasaro was forced to withdraw when he could not meet the filing fee and threatened legal action against the party when they refused to waive $30,000 entrance fee. Two years later, in 2000, Baldasaro attempted to join the
Canadian Alliance The Canadian Alliance (french: Alliance canadienne), formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance (french: Alliance réformiste-conservatrice canadienne), was a centre-right to right-wing federal political party in Canada that existed u ...
leadership race. His plans again involved legalizing marijuana, but this time also favoured abolishing political parties altogether.Prete, Carmelina. "Baldasaro seeks a free shot at the Alliance leadership," ''The Hamilton Spectator'', April 12, 2000, News (A7) He openly admitted that the challenge was mostly for publicity, and that he did not expect to win against the likes of
Preston Manning Ernest Preston Manning (born June 10, 1942) is a Canadian retired politician. He was the founder and the only leader of the Reform Party of Canada, a Canadian federal political party that evolved into the Canadian Alliance in 2000 which in tu ...
or
Stockwell Day Stockwell Burt Day Jr. (born August 16, 1950) is a Canadian former politician who led the Canadian Alliance from 2000 to 2001, and a member of the Conservative Party of Canada. A provincial cabinet minister from Alberta, Day served as ministe ...
. He was dissuaded, once more, by the party's $25,000 leadership nomination fee. In 2007, Baldasaro started a campaign to save Hamilton's Center Mall from conversion into a 'power center' operated by SmartCenters. In 2007, during Hamilton City Council's debate over the renovation of
City Hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
, Baldasaro and Tucker sent a letter addressed to Mayor Fred Eisenberger and
City Council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counc ...
, requesting they move municipal operations to Stelco Tower, in Hamilton's downtown core. Baldasaro was a candidate for the 2010 Hamilton Municipal Elections, once again running for Mayor. He finished fourth in a field of fifteen candidates, with 2.1% of the vote. In the 2014 Hamilton Municipal Elections Baldasaro stood for Mayor and finished with 2.9% of the vote in a field of twelve candidates.


Death

Baldasaro died of cancer on June 9, 2016, aged 67.


Notes


References

* ''The Hamilton Spectator'' archives 1991 to Present, vi
Lexis Nexis Academic
– Accessed June 3, 2010 * ''City of Hamilton Website'', public correspondence – Accessed June 3, 2010 * ''Church of the Universe Website'', to provide extra reference – Accessed June 3, 2010


External links


House of Commons
election history by riding * {{DEFAULTSORT:Baldasaro, Michael 1949 births 2016 deaths Ontario candidates for Member of Parliament Progressive Conservative Party of Canada leadership candidates Marijuana Party (Canada) candidates for the Canadian House of Commons Independent candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election Libertarian Party of Canada candidates in the 1984 Canadian federal election Canadian religious leaders People from Hamilton, Ontario Canadian libertarians Deaths from cancer in Ontario