Maymūn-Diz () was a major List of Ismaili castles, fortress of the Nizari Ismaili state, Nizari Ismailis of the Alamut Period described in historical records. It has been variously identified with the Alamut Castle, Navizar Shah Castle, Shirkuh Castle, Shahrak Castle, and Shams Kalayeh Cave. Recently, Enayatollah Majidi located it on top of Mount Shatan ( ''Kūh-e Shātān''; ) near Khoshk Chal. The fortress was surrendered by Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah, who was residing there, to the Mongol campaign against the Nizaris, invading Mongols under Hulagu Khan and was subsequently demolished. This was followed by surrender of Alamut and almost all other strongholds and the disestablishment of the Nizari state.

History

The date of the (beginning of the) construction by the Nizari Ismailis is variously given as 1097 (per ''Jami' al-tawarikh''), 1103 (per ''Zubdat al-Tawarikh''), and during the Imamate of Muhammad III of Alamut, Ala al-Din Muhammad (1211–1255) (per ''Tarikh-i Jahangushay''). The fortress was on a great spur of rock rising almost vertically from the valley. Its ramparts were made of plaster and gravel. Elsewhere it has been described as an "extraordinary cave-fortress". After the Mongol invasion of Iran and the subsequent death of the last Khwarezmian emperor, Hulagu Khan began to conquer the strongholds of the Nizari Ismaili state, Nizari Ismailis as the main objective. He demanded the Nizari Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah dismantle the List of Ismaili castles, Nizari fortresses, including Alamut Castle, Alamut, and surrender himself to Hulagu Khan, who had reached Alamut-e Sharqi District, Rudbar. Khurshah was residing in Maymun-Diz, and soon found the fortress encircled by Hulagu Khan and his eight ''Tumen (unit), tümen''s (80,000 fighters). Teams of hand-picked Mongol fighters were distributed at around 250 meters intervals from the hilltop down to the valley. Apparently, the Mongols were hesitant to push the siege of Maymun-Diz, and were persuaded to accept some sort of compromise. As winter was approaching, the besieging Mongols faced supply problems due to the difficulty of finding fodder for their horses. On 19 November 1256, Khurshah with a group of notables left the fortress and surrendered to Hulagu Khan. Considering how well-fortified and well-provisioned Alamut was, the Mongols welcomed the surrender. A group of Nizaris kept fighting in a last stand in the ''"qubba"'' (a supposedly high domed structure within the fort) and were killed. Maymun-Diz was subsequently destroyed and its inhabitants were massacred. This is traditionally considered the date of the disestablishment of the Nizari Ismaili state.

References

External links

"Castle of Maymun Diz"
Institute of Ismaili Studies {{Castles in Iran Castles in Iran Buildings and structures in Qazvin province Alamut Castles of the Nizari Ismaili state 1256 disestablishments in Asia Ruined castles in Iran Buildings and structures demolished in the 13th century 7th-century fortifications National works of Iran Lost buildings and structures Official residences in Asia Buildings and structures completed in 1097 Buildings and structures completed in 1126 Rock castles

History

See also

References

External links