Metro Do Porto
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The Porto Metro () is a
light rail Light rail (or light rail transit, abbreviated to LRT) is a form of passenger urban rail transit that uses rolling stock derived from tram technology National Conference of the Transportation Research Board while also having some features from ...
network in
Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...
,
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
and a key part of the city's
public transport Public transport (also known as public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) are forms of transport available to the general public. It typically uses a fixed schedule, route and charges a fixed fare. There is no rigid definition of whic ...
system. Having a
semi-metro The term semi-metro refers to a category of urban rail transport in which trams run partly on grade separation, separate tracks to avoid conflicts with other traffic, by using tunnels and elevated railway, viaducts. This type of transit is also ...
alignment, it runs underground in central Porto and above ground into the city's
suburb A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area. They are oftentimes where most of a metropolitan areas jobs are located with some being predominantly residential. They can either be denser or less densely populated ...
s while using low-floor
tram A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which Rolling stock, vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some ...
vehicles. The first parts of the system have been in operation since 2002.Webb, Mary (ed.) (2009). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009–2010'', p. 277. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK):
Jane's Information Group Janes is a global open-source intelligence company specialising in military, national security, aerospace and transport topics, whose name derives from British author Fred T. Jane. History Jane's Information Group was founded in 1898 by Fred T. ...
. .
The network has 6 lines and reaches seven municipalities within the metropolitan Porto area:
Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...
, Gondomar,
Maia Maia (; Ancient Greek: Μαῖα; also spelled Maie, ; ), in ancient Greek religion and mythology, is one of the Pleiades and the mother of Hermes, one of the major Greek gods, by Zeus, the king of Olympus. Family Maia is the daughter of A ...
,
Matosinhos Matosinhos () is a City#Portugal, city and a Concelho, municipality in the district of Porto District, Porto in Portugal. The municipality covers an area of approximately and had 172,557 inhabitants in 2021. It is bordered by the municipalities o ...
,
Póvoa de Varzim Póvoa de Varzim () is a Portugal, Portuguese city in Norte Region, Portugal, Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto, from its city centre. It sits in a sandy coastal plain, a cuspate foreland, halfway between the Minho River, Minho ...
,
Vila do Conde Vila do Conde (, ; "the Count's Town") is a municipality in the Norte Region, Portugal, Norte Region of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 79,533, in an area of 149.03 km2. The urbanized area of Vila do Conde, which includes the parishes of ...
and
Vila Nova de Gaia Vila Nova de Gaia (; ), or simply Gaia, is a city and a municipality in Porto District in Norte Region, Portugal, Norte Region, Portugal. It is located south of the city of Porto on the other side of the Douro River. The city proper had a populati ...
. It currently has a total of 85 operational stations across of
double track A double-track railway usually involves running one track in each direction, compared to a single-track railway where trains in both directions share the same track. Overview In the earliest days of railways in the United Kingdom, most li ...
commercial line. Most of the system is at ground level or elevated, but of the network is underground. The system is run by ViaPORTO. The Porto Metro has received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design from
Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
's Graduate School of Design in 2013.


History

During the 1990s, political leaders started advocating for a partially underground electrified railway transport system to service the city of Porto and the surrounding municipalities. This culminated in the founding of ''Metro do Porto S.A.'' in 1993 and the start of planning and construction of the first expansion phase of the Porto Metro. This first phase was deemed completed in 2006 and saw the creation of lines A, B, C, D and E. The project included the conversion of sections of the
narrow gauge railway A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge (distance between the rails) narrower than . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with Minimum railw ...
lines of Linha do Porto à Póvoa e Famalicão and Linha de Guimarães, including the section between
Senhora da Hora Senhora da Hora () is a former civil parish in the municipality of Matosinhos in the Greater Porto area, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora. It was promoted from town (''vila'') to c ...
and Trindade nowadays shared by 5 different lines. In 2001, train services came to an end as construction started. Line A (blue line) was the first line to open on 7 December 2002, running between Senhor de Matosinhos and Trindade in central Porto. On 5 June 2004, the line was extended to
Estádio do Dragão The Estádio do Dragão (; ') is an all-seater football stadium in Porto, Portugal, and the home ground of FC Porto since 2003. It has a seating capacity of 50,033, making it the third-largest football stadium in Portugal. Designed by Portugue ...
, Porto's largest football stadium, in time for the
Euro 2004 The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 2004, was the 12th edition of the UEFA European Championship, a quadrennial football competition contested by the men's national teams of UEFA member associations. Th ...
Football championship. On 3 March, 2005, Line B (red line) opened between Estádio do Dragão and . The remaining section between Pedras Rubras and
Póvoa de Varzim Póvoa de Varzim () is a Portugal, Portuguese city in Norte Region, Portugal, Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto, from its city centre. It sits in a sandy coastal plain, a cuspate foreland, halfway between the Minho River, Minho ...
was opened a year later in March 2006. This line replaced the Linha do Porto à Póvoa e Famalicão, a
narrow gauge A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge (distance between the rails) narrower than . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with Minimum railw ...
railway between Porto and Póvoa de Varzim. The section between Póvoa de Varzim and Famalicão had already been closed in 1995 and was not included in the project. Instead, it got decommissioned and converted into a bicycle trail. In July 2017, an
infill station An infill station (sometimes in-fill station) is a train station built on an existing passenger rail, rapid transit, or light rail line to address demand in a location between existing stations. Such stations take advantage of existing train ser ...
called was added. Line C (green line) opened on July 30, 2005, until in the centre of Maia and was extended until ISMAI in March 2006. Line C was built using part of the Guimarães line between Senhora da Hora and ISMAI. A section of this railway line between ISMAI and Lousado was decommissioned and expected to be serviced by the Porto Metro until Trofa, but as of 2024 it was only serviced by busses. The Guimarães line continued to have train services from Lousado via Linha do Minho. Line D (yellow line) proved the most problematic to excavate and opened on 17 September 2005 between Câmara de Gaia in Vila Nova de Gaia and Pólo Universitário in the north. In the northern end, the São João Hospital and
IPO An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also to retail (individual) investors. An IPO is typically underwritten by one or more investment ...
stations, were not brought into service until March 2006 due to safety concerns. In the southern end, the line was expanded until in May 2008 and then to Santo Ovídio in October 2011. In June 2024, the line was extended southwards by 3.15km with three new stations added, Manuel Leão, Hospital Santos Silva and Vila d'Este. Line E (violet line) opened on May 27, 2006, connecting the Airport Francisco Sá Carneiro and Campanhã. Several weeks later, the line was extended to Estádio do Dragão. Line F (orange line) opened on January 2, 2011, connecting the Porto city centre to the Gondomar region in the east, this line runs between Senhora da Hora and Fânzeres. The Metro do Porto company managed and operated the Funicular of Guindais between 2004 and 2019. Management was transferred to Porto municipality in 2019 and to a municipal company called STCP Serviços in 2022.


Corporate affairs


Key figures

Between 2016 and 2023, the number of yearly passengers using the Porto Metro system has gradually increased, with the exception of the years affected by the
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...
. On the supply side, the number of yearly train trips has varied, and as of 2023 it had not recovered to the peak of 370,000 in 2019. Porto Metro's punctuality is high, bottoming out at 93% in 2019. Investment increased from 2021 onward, when construction started on Line G and on the expansion of Line D.


Costs and financial results

As of 2007, the total cost of the Porto Metro public transport system stands at 3.5 billion
euros The euro (currency symbol, symbol: euro sign, €; ISO 4217, currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the Member state of the European Union, member states of the European Union. This group of states is officially known as the ...
- over 1% of Portugal's
GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performance o ...
. The first phase of the project alone, which was led by the mayors of several ''
Grande Porto Grande Porto () or Greater Porto is a former Portuguese NUTS3 subregion, integrating the NUTS2 region of Norte, in Portugal. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It corresponded to 11 municipalities out of 16, the other 5 in ...
'' (Greater Porto) municipalities including Valentim Loureiro as a chairman of the
state-owned company A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goo ...
, was 140% more expensive than initially planned – a slippage of over 1,5 billion euros. The Porto Metro state-owned company has reported losses every year, reaching a record loss of 122 million euros in 2006.


Rolling stock

The Metro uses 72 modern
Eurotram The Socimi Eurotram (later sold as the Bombardier Flexity Outlook (E)) is an electric tramcar originally designed for the tram system of Compagnie de Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS). Initially produced by Socimi, after the company became bankrupt E ...
low-floor, articulated trams. Flexity Swift LRVs are used on line B, Bx and occasionally line C since 2008, and can reach . They also have more seats, and can, in common with most modern light rail systems, recover 30% of the total of consumed energy during braking. The LRVs from CRRC Tangshan, dubbed CRRC Tram or CT, are the latest to be introduced on the network, running since 2023 on line C. The majority of services run with two LRVs coupled together. The Eurotram consists of four main compartments, two in each carriage linked by short corridors, and also features an articulation between the two carriages. They have a capacity of 80 seated and 134 standing passengers. The Flexity Swift consists of three components linked by articulations, with a capacity of 100 seated and 148 standing passengers. The CT consists of four articulated components, having a capacity of 244 passengers, 64 of which are seated.


Tickets

The system uses the " Andante" ticketing system, used for public transport in the
Porto Metropolitan Area The Porto Metropolitan Area (; abbreviated as AMP) is a metropolitan area in northern Portugal centered on the City of Porto, Portugal's second largest city.Fernanda Paula Oliveira (2009), The metropolitan area, covering 17 municipalities, is th ...
. Under this system, a ticket holder can use multiple modes of transportation by various providers within a certain time period. Ticket prices and single ticket duration can vary depending on the number of zones that the ticket includes. The Andante system divides the Porto metropolitan area into fare zones, each representing a geographic area. The number of zones required is determined by the traveler's starting zone. A Z2 ticket allows the traveler go to all adjacent zones. A Z3 ticket lets the traveler go to all adjacent zones and to all zones adjacent to those. Various ticketing options exist to use the Porto Metro. Paper tickets called Blue Andante (''Andante azul'') can be bought and recharged in machines in stations. These can be charged with single trips or 24 hour tickets. Monthly passes called Silver Andante (''Andante prateado'') can be purchased in ''Lojas Andante'' (Andante Shops) and topped up at Multibanco ATM terminals. They are personalized PVC cards with the name and picture of the holder. They are free for students between the ages of 4 and 18 and discounts exist for families, seniors, veterans and lower income households. Other ticketing options under the Andante system include Andante Tour, a 24 or 78 hour ticket for tourists, the Anda App, an app available for Android and contactless card payments on some readers. Children under 4 years old do not require a ticket if they are accompanied by an adult. The Porto Metro operates on a
proof-of-payment Proof-of-payment (POP) or proof-of-fare (POF) is an honor-based fare collection system used on many public transportation systems. Instead of checking each passenger as they enter a fare control zone, passengers are required to carry a paper ...
system. Tickets must be validated before travel by scanning them in front of the yellow machines located in stations. Instead, groups of fare inspectors randomly check tickets with hand-held scanners. As of October 2024, the penalty for travelling without a validated ticket is €95.


Network


Line A – Senhor de Matosinhos – Estádio do Dragão

Line A or the Blue Line is the earliest of the five Porto Metro lines and the second busiest line as of 2023, transporting 12 million passengers. It runs between Senhor de Matosinhos and
Estádio do Dragão The Estádio do Dragão (; ') is an all-seater football stadium in Porto, Portugal, and the home ground of FC Porto since 2003. It has a seating capacity of 50,033, making it the third-largest football stadium in Portugal. Designed by Portugue ...
stations, with 21 intermediate stations. Services run every 12 to 15 minutes with an end to end travel time of approximately 40 minutes. Between Trindade and
Senhora da Hora Senhora da Hora () is a former civil parish in the municipality of Matosinhos in the Greater Porto area, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora. It was promoted from town (''vila'') to c ...
stations, the line uses the inner part of the route of the old Porto to Póvoa de Varzim railway line. Between Trindade and Estádio do Dragão stations it uses a new tunneled alignment, whilst between Senhora da Hora and Senhor de Matosinhos stations it mostly uses a new surface alignment, albeit with short sections coinciding with the route of the Matosinhos branch railway. Flexity Outlook Eurotrams number 001–072 service the line.


Line B/Bx – Póvoa de Varzim – Estádio do Dragão

Line B or the Red Line runs between
Póvoa de Varzim Póvoa de Varzim () is a Portugal, Portuguese city in Norte Region, Portugal, Northern Portugal and sub-region of Greater Porto, from its city centre. It sits in a sandy coastal plain, a cuspate foreland, halfway between the Minho River, Minho ...
and
Estádio do Dragão The Estádio do Dragão (; ') is an all-seater football stadium in Porto, Portugal, and the home ground of FC Porto since 2003. It has a seating capacity of 50,033, making it the third-largest football stadium in Portugal. Designed by Portugue ...
stations, has 34 intermediate stations and is the longest line of the system. Because of its length, the line provides two types of services: B and Bx. The line reuses, for almost its entire length, the route of the old Porto to Póvoa de Varzim railway line. The regular B service stops at all stations, whilst the express Bx service stops only at principal stations between Póvoa de Varzim and Senhora da Hora and at all station between Senhora da Hora and Estádio do Dragão. On weekdays during the day, each service provide two trams per hour in each directions. During weekends and in the evenings only the B service runs twice or thrice per hour in each directions. The regular service takes just over an hour between Póvoa de Varzim and Estádio do Dragão, while the express service saves approximate 10 minutes. Although no extensions are planned, consideration was given to use the abandoned Famalicão branch of the old Póvoa Line, converted to a cycle path after closure, to reach Mourões and Barreiros, near Avenida 25 de Abril.


Line C – ISMAI – Campanhã

Line C or the Green Line runs between ISMAI and Campanhã stations, with 22 intermediate stations. The line has a basic frequency of four trams per hour, but some trams on the line terminate at . Travel time between ISMAI and Campanhã stations is just over 40 minutes. The line reuses part of the route of the old Porto to Guimarães railway line, albeit with a significant section of new alignment through the city of Maia. Line C was originally projected to service the city of Trofa, previously served by this railway line. While, this project was never pursued, the Porto Metro provides a bus link between the ISMAI and Trofa.


Line D – Vila d'Este – Hospital São João

Line D or the Yellow Line runs between Vila d'Este and Hospital São João stations, with 17 intermediate stations and a very visible crossing of the River Douro on the upper level of the iconic
Dom Luís I bridge The Dom Luís I Bridge (), or Luís I Bridge, is a double-deck metal arch bridge that spans the river Douro between the cities of Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia in Portugal. At its construction, its span was the longest of its type in the world. ...
. As of 2023, it was the busiest line of the Porto Metro, transporting a total of 30 million passengers across 106,500 train trips throughout the year. Line D runs on an entirely new alignment, partly on the surface and partly underground, separate from all the other lines of the Porto Metro. It connects with lines A, B, C, E and F at Trindade station. Between Hospital São João and Santo Ovídio stations the service runs every 5 to 6 minutes during workdays, or every 10 minutes on weekends and evenings. Half of the trams have a southern terminus at Santo Ovídio, thus frequency is halves in the rest of the line until Vila d'Este. The travel time for the whole line is just over 30 minutes.


Line E – Aeroporto – Trindade (– Estádio do Dragão)

Line E or the Violet Line runs between Aeroporto and Trindade stations, with 13 intermediate stations. Trams run as far as Trindade every 15 minutes, with a journey time of around 30 minutes. Depending on day and time, between one and three trams an hour continue beyond Trindade to
Estádio do Dragão The Estádio do Dragão (; ') is an all-seater football stadium in Porto, Portugal, and the home ground of FC Porto since 2003. It has a seating capacity of 50,033, making it the third-largest football stadium in Portugal. Designed by Portugue ...
, serving a further four intermediate stations and taking about 10 more minutes. Line E was specifically built to serve
Porto Airport Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport or simply Porto Airport (formerly ''Pedras Rubras Airport'') is an international airport near Porto (Oporto), Portugal. It is located northwest of the Clérigos Tower (in the centre of Porto). Its location is sp ...
, and Aeroporto station is directly accessible from the terminal building. The station is at the end of a short branch off line B of the Metro, which it joins at , sharing tracks variously with lines A, B, C and F for the rest of its route.


Line F – Fânzeres – Senhora da Hora (– Senhor de Matosinhos)

Line F or the Orange Line runs between Fânzeres and
Senhora da Hora Senhora da Hora () is a former civil parish in the municipality of Matosinhos in the Greater Porto area, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora. It was promoted from town (''vila'') to c ...
stations, stopping at 22 additional stations and taking approximately 40 minutes. Trams depart as frequently as every 12 minutes during weekdays, and as little as every 30 minutes during the evenings. It is expected that the line will be extended from Senhora da Hora to Senhor de Matosinhos, which is the current teminus of Line A. This extension is shown on new official network maps of the Porto Metro, but as of February 2025 it has not been incorporated into the official timetable. Besides the shared segment between Senhora da Hora and Estádio do Dragão, Line F runs mainly above ground. It is the only service operating in the municipality of Gondomar, and it transported 9 million people in 2024.


Future expansion

*Metrobus line 1: A Bus rapid transit line is expected to open for service, during 2025, between
Casa da Música The Casa da Música is a concert hall in Porto, Portugal. It was designed by architect Rem Koolhaas and opened in 2005. Designed to mark the festive year of 2001 in which the city of Porto was designated European Capital of Culture, it was th ...
and Império Square, run by hydrogen cell buses, that will be managed by Porto Metro. *Line G (Pink line): A new 2.7km, 4 station fully underground line which connects
Casa da Música The Casa da Música is a concert hall in Porto, Portugal. It was designed by architect Rem Koolhaas and opened in 2005. Designed to mark the festive year of 2001 in which the city of Porto was designated European Capital of Culture, it was th ...
to São Bento through Cordoaria. The construction started in 2020 and Porto Metro expects it to be concluded in July 2025. *Line H (Ruby line): A new 6.74km, 8 station line that will connect Casa da Música station in Porto with Santo Ovídio station in Vila Nova de Gaia. Construction will be put out for bid in 2023 with the line planned to enter service in 2026.


See also

*
Trams in Porto The tram system of Porto in Portugal is operated by the '' Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto'' (STCP) and currently has three regular tram routes with 30-minute headways. All are heritage tram routes, and they use vintage tramcars ...
* Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto (STCP) *
Lisbon Metro The Lisbon Metro () is a rapid transit system in Lisbon, Portugal. Opened in December 1959, it was the first rapid transit system in Portugal. , the system's four lines total of route and serve 56 stations. History Initial plans The idea ...
*
List of tram and light rail transit systems The following is a list of cities that have current tram/streetcar (including heritage trams/heritage streetcars), or light rail systems as part of their regular public transit systems. In other words, this list only includes systems which ...


References


External links


Porto Metro Official Homepage

Official website for the ticketing system

Map of the Porto Metro network (.pdf file)

Metro do Porto news archive



Flickr's Metro do Porto groupExpansion - 2nd and 3rd phases (Portuguese)
* {{Authority control Underground rapid transit in Portugal Light rail in Portugal Álvaro Siza Vieira buildings 750 V DC railway electrification Railway lines opened in 2002 2002 establishments in Portugal