Mess Of Pottage
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A mess of pottage is something immediately attractive but of little value taken foolishly and carelessly in exchange for something more distant and perhaps less tangible but immensely more valuable. The phrase alludes to
Esau Esau is the elder son of Isaac in the Hebrew Bible. He is mentioned in the Book of Genesis and by the minor prophet, prophets Obadiah and Malachi. The story of Jacob and Esau reflects the historical relationship between Israel and Edom, aiming ...
's sale of his birthright for a meal ("
mess The mess (also called a mess deck aboard ships) is a designated area where military personnel socialize, eat and (in some cases) live. The term is also used to indicate the groups of military personnel who belong to separate messes, such as the o ...
") of lentil stew ("
pottage Pottage or potage (, ; ) is a term for a thick soup or stew made by boiling vegetables, grains, and, if available, meat or fish. It was a staple food for many centuries. The word ''pottage'' comes from the same Old French root as ''potage'', w ...
") in and connotes shortsightedness and misplaced priorities. The mess of pottage motif is a common theme in art, appearing for example in Mattia Bortoloni's ''Esau selling his birthright'' (1716) and Mattias Stomer's painting of the same title (c. 1640).See ''Old Testament figures in art,'' by Chiara de Capoa, ed. by Stefano Zuffi, tr. by Thomas Michael Hartmann (Los Angeles : Getty Museum, 2003), pp. 111–112.


Biblical usage

Although this phrase is often used to describe or allude to Esau's bargain, the phrase itself does not appear in the ''text'' of any English version of Genesis. Its first attested use,See Middle English Dictionary s.v. "mes n."
/ref> already associated with Esau's bargain, is in the English summary of one of
John Capgrave John Capgrave (21 April 1393 – 12 August 1464) was an English historian, hagiographer and scholastic theologian, remembered chiefly for ''Nova Legenda Angliae'' (New Reading from England). This was the first comprehensive collection of lives o ...
's sermons, c. 1452, " acobsupplanted his broþir, bying his fader blessing for a mese of potage."John capgrave, "A Treatise of the Orders under the Rule of St. Augustine," in ''John Capgrave's Lives of St. Augustine and St. Gilbert...,'' ed. by J. J. Munro, EETS 140 (London, 1910), p. 145. In the sixteenth century it continues its association with Esau, appearing in Bonde's ''Pylgrimage of Perfection'' (1526) and in the English versions of two influential works by
Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...
, the '' Enchiridion'' (1533)Desiderius Erasmus, ''A booke called in latyn Enchiridion militis christiani, and in englysshe the manuell of the christen knyght,'' (London : Wynkyn de Worde, 1533). and the ''Paraphrase upon the New Testament'' (1548):Desiderius Erasmus, ''The first tome or volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente'' .v. Luke, chap. 4(London : Edward Whitchurche, 1548) "th'enherytaunce of the elder brother solde for a messe of potage". It can be found here and there throughout the sixteenth century, e.g. in Johan Carion's ''Thre bokes of cronicles'' (1550)''The thre bokes of cronicles, whyche Iohn Carion ... gathered wyth great diligence of the beste authours'' (London, 1550). and at least three times in Roger Edgeworth's collected sermons (1557).''Sermons very fruitfull, godly, and learned, preached and sette foorth by Maister Roger Edgeworth'' (London, 1557): "Esau...for a messe of potage sold his first frutes." Within the tradition of English Biblical translations, it appears first in the summary at the beginning of chapter 25 of the
Book of Genesis The Book of Genesis (from Greek language, Greek ; ; ) is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its Hebrew name is the same as its incipit, first word, (In the beginning (phrase), 'In the beginning'). Genesis purpor ...
in the so-called Matthew Bible of 1537 (in this section otherwise a reprint of the Pentateuch translation of William Tyndale), "Esau selleth his byrthright for a messe of potage";''Matthew's Bible : a facsimile of the 1537 edition,'' (Peabody, MA : Hendrickson, 2009). thence in the 1539 Great Bible and in the
Geneva Bible The Geneva Bible, sometimes known by the sobriquet Breeches Bible, is one of the most historically significant translations of the Bible into English, preceding the Douay Rheims Bible by 22 years, and the King James Version by 51 years. It was ...
published by English Protestants in Geneva in 1560.''The Geneva Bible : a facsimile of the 1560 edition'' (Peabody, MA : Hendrickson, 2007). According to the OED, Coverdale (1535) "does not use the phrase, either in the text or the chapter heading..., but he has it in 1 Chronicles 16:3 and Proverbs 15:7."
OED DRAFT REVISION Dec. 2009, s.v. mess n.(1), sense 2.
Miles Smith (bishop), Miles Smith used the same phrase in "The Translators to the Reader", the lengthy preface to the 1611
King James Bible The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by ...
, but by the seventeenth century the phrase had become very widespread indeed and had clearly achieved the status of a fixed phrase with allusive, quasi-proverbial, force.


Examples of usage

In different literary hands, it could be used either earnestly, or mockingly.See ''A Dictionary of Biblical tradition in English Literature,'' ed. by David Lyle Jeffrey (Grand Rapids : Eerdmans, 1992), s.v. "birthright." Benjamin Keach (1689) falls into the former camp: "I know not.. / whether those who did our Rights betray, / And for a mess of Pottage, sold away / Our dear bought / Freedoms, shall now trusted be, / As Conservators of our Libertie."Benjamin Keach, ''Distressed Sion Relieved'' (London, 1689), line 3300. As does Henry Ellison (1875) "O Faith .. The disbelieving world would sell thee so; / Head turned with sophistries, and heart grown cold, / For a vile mess of pottage it would throw / Away thy heritage, and count the gold!".Henry Ellison "Skepticism" in ''Stones from the Quarry'' (1875).
Karl Marx Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...
' lament in ''
Das Kapital ''Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'' (), also known as ''Capital'' or (), is the most significant work by Karl Marx and the cornerstone of Marxian economics, published in three volumes in 1867, 1885, and 1894. The culmination of his ...
'' has been translated using this phrase: The worker "is compelled by social conditions, to sell the whole of his active life, his very capacity for labour, in return for the price of his customary means of subsistence, to sell his birthright for a mess of pottage." Swift and Byron use the phrase satirically: "Thou sold'st thy birthright, Esau! for a mess / Thou shouldst have gotten more, or eaten less."Byron, "The Age of Bronze," lines 632–3. Cp. Jonathan Swift, "Robin and Harry," line 36: "Robin ... swears he could get her in an hour, / If Gaffer Harry would endow her; / And sell, to pacify his wrath, / A birth-right for a mess of broth." The Hindu nationalist V. D. Savarkar borrowed the phrase, along with quotations from
Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...
, for his pamphlet
Hindutva Hindutva (; ) is a Far-right politics, far-right political ideology encompassing the cultural justification of Hindu nationalism and the belief in establishing Hindu hegemony within India. The political ideology was formulated by Vinayak Da ...
(1923), which celebrated Hindu culture and identity, asking whether Indians were willing to 'disown their seed, forswear their fathers and sell their birthright for a mess of pottage'. Perhaps the most famous use in American literature is that by
Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau (born David Henry Thoreau; July 12, 1817May 6, 1862) was an American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher. A leading Transcendentalism, transcendentalist, he is best known for his book ''Walden'', a reflection upon sim ...
: "If I should sell both my forenoons and afternoons to society, as most appear to do, I am sure that for me there would be nothing left worth living for. I trust that I shall never thus sell my birthright for a mess of pottage. I wish to suggest that a man may be very industrious, and yet not spend his time well. There is no more fatal blunderer than he who consumes the greater part of his life getting his living."Thoreau, Henry David
Life without principle
(1854).
Another prominent instance of using the phrase in American fiction is
James Weldon Johnson James Weldon Johnson (June 17, 1871June 26, 1938) was an American writer and civil rights activist. He was married to civil rights activist Grace Nail Johnson. Johnson was a leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ...
's famous protagonist Ex-Coloured Man who, retrospectively reflecting upon his life as a black man passing for white, concludes that he has sold his "birthright for a mess of pottage".James Weldon Johnson, ''The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man'' (New York, 1989), p. 211. By a conventional
spoonerism A spoonerism is an occurrence of speech in which corresponding consonants, vowels, or morphemes are switched (see metathesis) between two words of a phrase. These are named after the Oxford don and priest William Archibald Spooner, who report ...
, an overly propagandistic writer is said to have "sold his birthright for a pot of message," a bit of enduring wordplay documented as early as 1850.
Terry Pratchett Sir Terence David John Pratchett (28 April 1948 – 12 March 2015) was an English author, humorist, and Satire, satirist, best known for the ''Discworld'' series of 41 comic fantasy novels published between 1983 and 2015, and for the Apocalyp ...
has a bystander ("who was anxious not to break the flow") say this in ''Feet of Clay'', after Nobby of the Watch has guessed that the phrase is "a spot of massage" and Sgt Colon attempted to correct it to "a pot of message".
Theodore Sturgeon Theodore Sturgeon (; born Edward Hamilton Waldo, February 26, 1918 – May 8, 1985) was an American author of primarily fantasy fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and Horror fiction, horror, as well as a critic. He wrote approximately 400 ...
had one of his characters say this about
H. G. Wells Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English writer, prolific in many genres. He wrote more than fifty novels and dozens of short stories. His non-fiction output included works of social commentary, politics, hist ...
in his 1948 short story ''Unite and Conquer''; and Roger Lancelyn Green (in 1962) ascribed it as a saying of Professor Nevill Coghill, Merton Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford, who was born 49 years after its first documented appearance in print. The phrase also appears in Myra Brooks Welch's poem " The Touch of the Master's Hand," in which "a mess of pottage – a glass of wine – a game" stand for all such petty worldly pursuits, contrasted to life after a spiritual awakening. The phrase also appears in the 1919 African-American film '' Within Our Gates'', as used by the preacher character 'Old Ned' who having ingratiated himself by acting the clown with two white men turns away and states, "again, I've sold my birthright. All for a miserable mess of pottage."


Notes

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External links


Translators to the Reader
Figures of speech Biblical phrases