Merilo Pravednoye
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The ''Merilo Pravednoye'' or ''Just Measure'' (; , ) is a Russian collection of writings from the late 13th or early 14th century, preserved in the copies of the 14th to the 16th centuries. The name was given in modern literature, taken from the first words of this text: "this book is the measure of righteousness, a declaration of truth" (). The ''Merilo Pravednoye'' was written in both
Church Slavonic Church Slavonic is the conservative Slavic liturgical language used by the Eastern Orthodox Church in Belarus, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Serbia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Slovenia and Croatia. The ...
and the Old Russian vernacular.


Content

The Trinity (Troitsky) copy is the oldest surviving copy from the 14th century and is the standard text. The first part consists of 69 sheets which are mainly religious texts of Greek origin, but some are of Russian origin, while the second part consists of 275 sheets which are more legal in nature and are mostly of
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...
origin. Materials from the old legal collection from the early 12th century may have been used during the compilation of ''Merilo Pravednoye''. It was to serve both as a book of moral precepts and a legal guide book for judges as well as the transmission of several older texts. The first part contains the words and the lessons () both translated and original, on the just and the unjust courts; the second part (the so-called collection of 30 chapters) consists of translations of Byzantine
church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian comm ...
and secular
law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the ar ...
s, borrowed from the ''Kormchaia Book'', and the oldest Slavic and Russian legal texts, the ''
Zakon Sudnyi Liudem The Zakón Súdnyi Liúdem ("Law for Judging the People" or "Court Law for the People") is the oldest preserved Slavs, Slavic legal text. Its source was Byzantine law and it was written in Old Church Slavonic in the late ninth or early tenth cent ...
'', the
Church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian comm ...
Statute of
Vladimir the Great Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych (; Christian name: ''Basil''; 15 July 1015), given the epithet "the Great", was Prince of Novgorod from 970 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 978 until his death in 1015. The Eastern Orthodox ...
, the ''
Russkaya Pravda The ''Russkaya Pravda'' (sometimes translated as ''Rus' Justice'', ''Rus' Truth'', or ''Russian Justice'') was the legal code of Kievan Rus' and its principalities during the period of feudal fragmentation. It was written at the beginning of th ...
'', and the "Legal rule on the church people" – . Тихомиров М. Н. Закон судный людем краткой редакции в русских рукописях. Вступительная статья к изданию Закона судного людем в краткой редакции. М., 1961. A revised version of the ''Merilo Pravednoye'' appeared in the 15th century. A number of new texts were added, while some others were removed. The Rozenkampf (Chudov) and Ferapontov groups of the extended version of the ''Russkaya Pravda'' are also included.


See also

*
Nomocanon A nomocanon (, ; from the Greek 'law' and 'a rule') is a collection of ecclesiastical law, consisting of the elements from both the civil law and the canon law. Nomocanons form part of the canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches (through th ...
* Kormchaia


References


Bibliography

* * *


Editions

* Мерило Праведное по рукописи XIV века. Издано под наблюдением и со вступительной статьей академика М. Н. Тихомирова. Изд. АН СССР. – М., 1961.


Literature

* Арсений. Описание славянских рукописей библиотеки Свято-Троицкой Сергиевой лавры // Чтения в обществе истории и древостей российских. – М., 1878. * Бальцежак Е. Е., Николаев Г. А. О языке церковно-деловых текстов древнерусской письменности // Словобразование, Стилистика. Текст. – Казань: Изд-во Казан. ун-та, 1990. * Бенеманский М. Ὁ Πρόχειρος Νόμος императора Василия Македонянина. Его происхождение, характеритика и значение в церковном праве. Вып. 1. – Сергиев Посад, 1906. * Бенешевич В. Н. Древнеславянская кормчая. 14 титулов без толкований. Т. 1. Вып. 1-3. – СПб., 1906 -1907. * Василевский В. Г. Законодательство иконоборцев // Журнал Министерства Народного Просвещения. Октябрь, 1878. * Востоков А. Х. Описание русских и славянских рукописей Румянцевского музеума. – М., 1841. * Данилова В. М. Палеографическое и фонетическое описание рукописи «Мерило Праведное» (Троицкое собрание, № 15). Автореф. дисс…канд.филол. наук. – М., 1969. * Зализняк А. А. "Мерило праведное" XIV века как акцентологический источник. - Мunchen : Sagner, 1990. - 183 с. (Slavistische Beitrage; Bd.266). * Калачев Н. В. Исследование о Русской Правде. Ч. 1. Предварительные юридические сведения для полного объяснения Русской Правды. – М., 1846. * Калачев Н. В. Мерило Праведное // Архив историко-юридических сведений, относящихся до России. – СПб., 1876. – Кн. 1. * Николаев Г. А. Формы именного словообразования в языке Мерила Праведного XIV века. Автореф. дисс…канд.филол. наук. – Казань, 1966. * Николаев Г. А. Язык церковно-деловых памятников древнерусского извода // Христианизация, дехристианизация и рехристианизация в теории и практике русского языка. Под ред. Ежи Калишана. – Познань, 2001. * Павлов А. С. Первоначальный славяно-русский Номоканон. – Казань, 1969. * Павлов А. С. «Книги законныя», содержащие в себе в древнерусском переводе византийские законы земледельческие, уголовные, брачные и судебные. – СПб., 1885. * Розенкампф Г. А. Обозрение Кормчей книги в историческом виде. – СПб., 1839. * Сперанский М. Н. Переводные сборники изречений в славяно-русской письменности. – М., 1904. * Срезневский И. И. Обозрение древних русских списков Кормчей книги. Приложение // Сборник ОРЯС, т. 65, № 2. 1897. * Тихомиров М. Н. Исследование о Русской Правде. Происхождение текстов. – М.;-Л., 1941. * Тихомиров М. Н. Закон судный людем краткой редакции в русских рукописях. Вступительная статья к изданию Закона судного людем в краткой редакции. – М., 1961. * Юшков В. С. К истории древнерусских юридических сборников (XIII в). – Саратов, 1921.
Николаев, Геннадий. Мерило Праведное. (Заметки о составе памятника) // Православный собеседник № 1 (14) - 2007. Сайт Библиотека Якова Кротова
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