Meningohydroencephalocoele (
AmE #REDIRECT AME
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: meningohydroencephalocele) is a form of
meningocele
Spina bifida (SB; ; Latin for 'split spine') is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, ...
(
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)—a
developmental abnormality
A birth defect is an abnormal condition that is present at birth, regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. The disabilities can range from mild to severe. Birth de ...
of the central nervous system.
Like meningocoele, meningohydroencephalocoele is caused by defects in bone ossification; in particular, the intramembranous
ossification
Ossification (also called osteogenesis or bone mineralization) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells named osteoblasts. It is synonymous with bone tissue formation. There are two processes resulting in t ...
related to the closure of infantile
fontanelles
A fontanelle (or fontanel) (colloquially, soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising soft membranous gaps ( sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant. Fontanelles allow ...
. It refers to the protrusion of the
meninges
In anatomy, the meninges (; meninx ; ) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid is located in the subarachnoid spac ...
between the un-fused bones, to lie subcutaneously.
* Meningocoele - refers to
herniation
A hernia (: hernias or herniae, from Latin, meaning 'rupture') is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. The term is also used for the normal development of the in ...
of meninges.
* Meningoencephalocoele refers to the condition if brain tissue is included with the meninges in the herniation.
* Meningohydroencephalocoele refers to the condition including meninges, brain tissue and part of the ventricular system in the herniation.
Encephalocoele defects occur in approximately 1 in 2000 live births.
References
External links
Transphenoidal meningohydroencephalocoele, Durham et al. - PubMed
Congenital disorders
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