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''Uvaria'' is a genus of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the family
Annonaceae The Annonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest ...
. The generic name ''Uvaria'' is derived from the Latin ''uva'', 'grape', because the fruit of some species in the genus resemble grapes. Species are distributed throughout the Old World tropics.


Description

Species in this genus are lianas or climbing shrubs. They are woody and without hooks or spines, but almost all parts have stellate (star-shaped) hairs. Other shared features include bisexual flowers (i.e. having functional male and female parts in each flower),
sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...
s connected edge to edge (valvate), petals overlapping (imbricate) and arranged in two whorls, pollen grains solitary, and fruit.


Taxonomy

The genus ''Uvaria'' was erected by
Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
in 1753 to accommodate two new species – '' '' (the
type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
) and ''U. japonica'' (now '' Kadsura japonica''). By 2009, the genus contained about 150–190 species and was considered to be
paraphyletic Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages. The grouping is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In co ...
. In that year, Zhou et al published a study that used molecular analysis, and as a result they transferred a total of 15 species from the closely related genera ''Anomianthus'', ''Cyathostemma'', ''Ellipeia'', ''Ellipeiopsis'' and ''Rauwenhoffia''. , 171 species are accepted by
Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
.


Distribution

Species are present in tropical and southern Africa, including Madagascar; also the
Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...
,
mainland Southeast Asia Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina and the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to th ...
, southern China,
Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region ...
, New Guinea, and the states of
Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
, the
Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
,
Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...
and
New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
in Australia.


Selected species

There are 171 accepted ''Uvaria'' species , according to
Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
. * ''
Uvaria chamae ''Uvaria chamae'', commonly known as finger root or bush banana is a climbing large shrub or small tree native to tropical West Africa, West and Central Africa where it grows in wet and dry forests and coastal scrublands. The common name refers ...
'' P.Beauv. – ''Finger-root'', China * ''
Uvaria dulcis ''Uvaria dulcis'' is a species of woody climber in the Annonaceae family. It is found in tropical Asia, in a disjunctive distribution, eastern Indonesia, Jawa, and then Mainland Southeast Asia. The plant has an edible fruit, which in Khmer lang ...
'' - Tropical Asia (E. Indonesia, Jawa, Mainland Southeast Asia) * ''
Uvaria grandiflora ''Uvaria grandiflora''Hornemann JW (1819) ''Hortus regius Botanicus Hafniensis, in usum Tyronum et botanophilorum. Supplementum.'' and "Supplementum Hortus regius botanicus hafniensis. In usum tyronum et botanophilorum." is a species of plant in ...
'' Roxb. ex Hornem. - Indochina and Malesia * ''
Uvaria leichhardtii ''Uvaria leichhardtii'', commonly known as zig-zag vine, is a species of vine in the family Annonaceae. It is native to parts of Malesia, New Guinea, and the eastern Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales New South Wales (com ...
'' – New Guinea and northern and eastern Australia * ''
Uvaria macclurei ''Uvaria kweichowensis'' is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is a shrub or climbing liana endemic to southern China, where it grows in Yunnan, southwestern Guizhou, western Guangxi, and Hainan Hainan is an island provinces of ...
'' – southern China * ''
Uvaria narum ''Uvaria narum'' is a large woody climber belonging to the family Annonaceae which occurs in the hilly regions of western peninsular India and Sri Lanka. It was described by Nathaniel Wallich in his catalogue at serial 6473 in 1829. Essential oil ...
'' ( Dunal)
Wall. Nathaniel Wolff Wallich (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India, initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the Danish East India Company and the British East Indi ...
- Indian subcontinent * ''
Uvaria rufa ''Uvaria rufa'' is a species of vines or shrubs commonly known as ''susung-kalabaw'' ('Carabao teats') or Torres Strait scrambler, of the plant family Annonaceae. It grows naturally in Cambodia (where it is called /triəl svaː/ ទ្រៀល ...
'' ( Dunal) Blume; ''Susung-kalabaw'', Australia to Philippines & Indochina *''
Uvaria siamensis ''Uvaria siamensis, '' locally called nom-maew (), is a plant in the family Annonaceae. ''Uvaria siamensis'' is a shrub or liana native to Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and northern Peninsular Malaysia. It is related to the ylang-yl ...
'' – Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia


Formerly placed here

* '' Kadsura japonica'' ( L.) Dunal (as ''U. japonica'' L.) * ''
Cananga odorata ''Cananga odorata'', known as ylang-ylang ( ) or cananga tree, is a tropical tree that is native to the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Queensland, Australia. It is also native to parts of Thailand and Vie ...
'' (Lam.)
Hook.f. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For 20 years he served as director of the Ro ...
&
Thomson Thomson may refer to: Names * Thomson (surname), a list of people with this name and a description of its origin * Thomson baronets, four baronetcies created for persons with the surname Thomson Businesses and organizations * SGS-Thomson M ...
(as ''U. odorata'' Lam.) * '' Oxandra lanceolata'' (Sw.) Baill. (as ''U. lanceolata'' Sw.) * '' Huberantha cerasoides'' (Roxb.) Bedd. (as ''U. cerasoides'' Roxb.) * ''
Monoon longifolium ''Monoon longifolium'', the false ashoka, also commonly known by its synonym ''Polyalthia longifolia'', is an Asian small tree species in the family Annonaceae. It is native to southern India and Sri Lanka, but has been widely introduced els ...
'' (Sonn.) Thwaites (as ''U. longifolia'' Sonn.) * ''
Xylopia aromatica ''Xylopia aromatica'' is a species of flowering plant in the Annonaceae family. It is a tree native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Honduras to Paraguay and southern Brazil, including Cuba. It grows in the Cerrado grasslands, particularly ...
'' (Lam.)
Mart. Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botany, botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His m ...
(as ''U. aromatica'' Lam.)


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2473724 Annonaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Taxonomy articles created by Polbot