''Melanogaster'' ("''black-bellied''") may refer to the following organisms:
* Genera:
**
''Melanogaster'' (fungus), a genus of false truffles
**
''Melanogaster'' (fly), a genus of hoverflies
* Species:
** ''
Drosophila melanogaster
''Drosophila melanogaster'' is a species of fly (an insect of the Order (biology), order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is often referred to as the fruit fly or lesser fruit fly, or less commonly the "vinegar fly", "pomace fly" ...
'', a species of fruit fly, widespread and also important in research
** ''
Acheilognathus melanogaster'', a species of brackish-freshwater ray-finned fish in Japan
** ''Anhinga melanogaster'', the
Oriental darter (snakebird), a water bird of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia
** ''Turnix melanogaster'', the
black-breasted buttonquail (a rare bird in Australia)
{{Genus disambiguation