Media policy or media politics refers to decisions regarding legislation and political actions that organize, support, or regulate the media, particularly mass media and the media industry. These actions are typically driven by pressures from

public opinion Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them. In the 21st century, public opinion is widely thought to be heavily ...

, non-governmental organizations, or industry

interest group Advocacy groups, also known as lobby groups, interest groups, special interest groups, pressure groups, or public associations, use various forms of advocacy or lobbying to influence public opinion and ultimately public policy. They play an impor ...

s. In some cases, they are influenced by the demands of political leaders. Historically, distinct policies were applied to print media, radio, television, public broadcasting, and telecommunications. However, these have converged in the digital infrastructure, resulting in markets that are often insufficiently regulated. While regulations exist, technological innovations frequently outpace them, leading to issues such as copyright violations, the spread of misinformation and disinformation, online harassment, and hate speech. Such challenges necessitate legal action to protect

intellectual property rights Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, co ...

(e.g. the Digital Economy Act 2010), although emerging technologies like artificial intelligence are increasingly undermining these protections. Efforts to address the harmful social effects of digital media are being implemented worldwide. Media policy operates at local, national, regional, and international levels. These decisions are shaped by political philosophies, governmental structures, industry influence, and the legacy of policies developed for earlier forms of media and related industries. A media policy typically outlines an organisation's approach to managing media relations. This includes designating spokespersons, handling media inquiries, and ensuring consistent communication. It also covers social media conduct, privacy concerns, and crisis communication strategies, helping organisations comply with legal requirements and uphold their core values. Consistent monitoring and evaluation are essential to maintain the policy's effectiveness. Media politics is a central subject of media research and

cultural studies Cultural studies is an academic field that explores the dynamics of contemporary culture (including the politics of popular culture) and its social and historical foundations. Cultural studies researchers investigate how cultural practices rel ...

Literature

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