HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Me dam me phi ( Ahom: π‘œ‰π‘œ¦π‘œ§ π‘œ“π‘œͺ π‘œ‰π‘œ¦π‘œ§ π‘œ‡π‘œ£) is a socio-traditional festival celebrated by the Tai-Ahom and people of
Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...
. The festival has its roots in the ancestral worship of
Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy, Religious Confucianism, religion, theory of government, or way of li ...
in ancient
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
, which later developed into the ''Dam-phi'' (
Ancestor worship The veneration of the dead, including one's ancestors, is based on love and respect for the deceased. In some cultures, it is related to beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of t ...
) tradition of the Tai people. In the tmodern era it's celebrated on the 31st January while initially it's celebrated in the Tai month of Duin-Ha (March–April) of
sexagenary cycle The sexagenary cycle, also known as the gānzhΔ« (εΉ²ζ”―) or stems-and-branches, is a cycle of sixty terms, each corresponding to one year, thus amounting to a total of sixty years every cycle, historically used for recording time in China and t ...
.


Etymology

Me-dam-me-phi is a Tai-Ahom word, ''Mae'' (π‘œ‰π‘œ¦π‘œ§) means offering, ''Dam'' (π‘œ“π‘œͺ) means the dead and ''Phi'' (π‘œ‡π‘œ£) means the god. The rituals of the observance of Me Dam Me Phi are written in the book ''Khyek-lai'' or ''Lit Lai Me-Dam-Me-Phi'' in Tai Ahom language. In other Tai groups distant ancestors are referred asPhi-dam''. The ancestor worship ceremonies are mainly divided into two categories: the domestic ancestor worship (''Dam-phi'') and the social festival (''Me-dam-me-phi'').


Origin

The Ahoms have their own tenets and faith. A very important part of this religion is ancestor worship. Ancestor worship culture began with the Chinese philosopher
Confucius Confucius (; pinyin: ; ; ), born Kong Qiu (), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Much of the shared cultural heritage of the Sinosphere originates in the phil ...
still practiced among the Chinese and the Tai. From the Ahom Chronicle ''Pyen kaka'' it can be known that when Lengdon, the king of Mong Phi (The heavenly kingdom;
Tian Tian () is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and cosmology. During the Shang dynasty (17th―11th century BCE), the Chinese referred to their highest god as '' Shangdi'' or ''Di'' (, ...
), sent two of his grandsons Khunlung and Khunlai to Mong Ri, present
Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna, sometimes shortened to Banna, is one of the eight autonomous prefectures of Yunnan Province. The autonomous prefecture for Dai people is in the extreme south of Yunnan province, China, bordering both Myanmar and Laos. Xishuangbanna ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
at that moment Ye-Cheng-Pha the ancestor literacist of knowledge advised them to perform Umpha, Phuralong, Mae Dam Mae Phi and Rik-khwan worships in different months of a year on different occasions to pay respect to the Phi-Dam (Ancestral Spirit) and Khwan elements in the month of ''Duen-Ha''. Since that day till now Mae Dam Mae Phi has been observed by all the Tai-Ahom.


History


Middle Ages


Rituals and ceremonies

A total of ten gods called Phi are worshiped in Me Dam Me Phi. They are: # Khao-Kham # Aai Laeng-Din # Ya-sing-pha # Jan-chai-hang # Laengdon # Chit-lam-cham # Mut-kam tai-kum # Dam Chau Phi or Chau Phi Dam (grandparents thirteen generations ago) # Ra-khin # Ba-khin. Worship is done by Ahom priests Deodhai and Bailung by chanting
Ahom language Ahom or Tai-Ahom (Ahom:π‘œπ‘œͺπ‘œ¨ π‘œ„π‘œ© π‘œ’π‘œ‘π‘œͺπ‘œ¨ or π‘œπ‘œ¨π‘œ‰π‘œ« π‘œ„π‘œ© π‘œ’π‘œ‘π‘œͺπ‘œ¨; ) is a dormant, Southwestern Tai language formerly spoken by the Ahom people. It's currently undergoing a revival and mainly used in r ...
mantras and following the codes given in the
Manuscripts A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has c ...
(books) like Phralung and Banfi, etc. God Dam Chang Phi is the ancestor God from sixth to the fourteenth generation of a family. Grihadam is also the ancestor God up to the fourth generation of a family. Worship to Grihadam is offered in the month of Kati at the time of harvesting new Ahu rice, in the month of Aghon at the time of harvesting new Sali Dhan and at the time of three Bihus. On the day of Me-Dam Me Phi worship is offered only to Chaufi and Dam Chaufi because they are regarded as gods of heaven. Changphi and Grihadam are not worshipped on that day because they are regarded as earthly gods. The Ahoms believe that a man after his death remains as β€˜Dam’(ancestor) only for a few days and soon he becomes β€˜Phi’ (God). They also believe that the soul of a man which is immortal unites with the supreme soul, possesses the qualities of a spiritual being and always blesses the family. So every Ahom family in order to worship the dead establish a pillar on the opposite side of the kitchen (Barghar) which is called β€˜Damkhuta’ where they worship the dead with various offerings like homemade wine, egg with handoh(a kind of rice powder) with various items of vegetarian dishes.


Significance

Mae Dam Mae Phi not only reflects the manners and customs of the Ahoms but also helps to create unity, feeling of brotherhood and mutual understanding among the new generation.


''Me Dam Me Phi'' and its significance

''Me Dam Me Phi'' is one of the important festivals observed by the Ahoms from very ancient times. The word β€˜''Me''’ means offerings. β€˜''Dam''’ means ancestors and β€˜''Phi''’ means gods. So the word β€˜''Me Dam Me Phi''’ means oblations offered to the dead and sacrifices to gods. This festival is observed individually by a family and publicly by a king and the general people. Nowadays this festival is observed so extensively by all the people of Assam that it can better be termed as a festival rather than worship. The Ahoms perform this worship annually in honour of their ancestors. They believe that a man after his death remains as β€˜''Dam''’ (ancestor) only for a few days and soon he becomes β€˜''Phi''’ (God). They also believe that the soul of a man which is immortal Unites with the supreme soul, possesses the qualities of a spiritual being and always blesses the family. So every Ahom family in order to worship the dead establish a pillar on the opposite side of the kitchen (''Barghar'') which is called β€˜''Damkhuta''’ where they worship the dead with various offerings like homemade wine, ''mah-prasad'', rice with various items of meat and fish. The Ahom kings performed this worship after victory in wars and to ward off any imminent danger of the State. The Ahoms had their own tenets and faith. From the Ahom chronicles it can be known that when Lengdan, the God of
heaven Heaven, or the Heavens, is a common Religious cosmology, religious cosmological or supernatural place where beings such as deity, deities, angels, souls, saints, or Veneration of the dead, venerated ancestors are said to originate, be throne, ...
, sent two of his grandsons Khunlung and Khunlai to earth by a golden chain at that moment Gasingpha, the God of knowledge advised them to perform ''Umpha'', ''Phuralong'', ''Medam Me Phi'' and ''Rikhwan'' worships in different months of a year on different occasions. Since that day till now ''Me Dam Me Phi'' has been observed by all the Ahoms. *Rikhan is performed before going to war. It is believed that this worship gave long life to soldiers. They ( the soldiers) took bamboo made fish catching equipment and went to "Borpukhuri" (A large pond). Whatever they get during fishing like fishes, frog, aquatic animals, etc., they put them on cooking utensils Alive during cooking and Served soldiers. It is believed that this ritual gives longevity and they became undefeated. When ''Me Dam Me Phi'' is observed publicly worship is offered in the name of three gods and they are ''Me Dam Me Phi'', ''Dam Changphi'' and ''Grihadam''. God ''Dam Chao Phi'' is associated with the belief of some natural powers like creation and destruction, water, lightning and storm, sun, moon, learning, diseases, earth, etc. Worship is done by Ahom priests ''Deodhai'' and ''Bailung'' by chanting Tai ''mantras'' and following the codes given in the
Manuscripts A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has c ...
like ''Phralung'' and ''Banfi'', etc. God ''Dam Chang Phi'' is the ancestor God from sixth to the fourteenth generation of a family. ''Grihadam'' is also the ancestor God up to the fourth generation of a family. Worship to ''Grihadam'' is offered in the month of ''Kati'' at the time of harvesting new ''Ahu'' rice, in the month of ''Aghon'' at the time of harvesting new ''Sali Dhan'' and at the time of three Bihus. On the day of ''Me Dam Me Phi'' worship is offered only to ''Chaufi'' and ''Dam Chaufi'' because they are regarded as gods of heaven. Changphi and Grihadam are not worshipped on that day because they are regarded as earthly gods.


Notes


References

* *


External links

* https://web.archive.org/web/20090309155047/http://assamgovt.nic.in/festival.asp
http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mae Dam Mae Phi-65451.htm
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090131201130/http://allaboutassam.com/Festivals.html {{Fairs and Festivals in Assam Festivals in Assam Religious festivals in India Religious rituals Ahom kingdom January observances