Mazosia Uniseptata
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''Mazosia'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...
-forming
fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family
Roccellaceae The Roccellaceae are a family (biology), family of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the order Arthoniales, established by the French botanist François Fulgis Chevallier in 1826. Species in the family exhibit various lichen growth forms, growth ...
.


Taxonomy

The genus was
circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...
by Italian lichenologist
Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (13 May 1824 – 25 May 1860) was an Italian paleobotanist and lichenologist. He was born in Tregnago in the Province of Verona and took a great interest in botany as a young man. Massalongo joined the faculty of med ...
in 1854.


Description

''Mazosia'' is a genus of
crustose lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichen ...
s, meaning it forms a thin, crust-like layer that adheres tightly to the surface it grows on. The
thallus Thallus (: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entir ...
(lichen body) lacks a protective outer and may sometimes have hair-like extensions on the upper surface. The
photosynthetic Photosynthesis ( ) is a Biological system, system of biological processes by which Photoautotrophism, photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical ener ...
partner, or , is typically from the genus '' Trentepohlia'', with cells that are round to oval (7–17 
μm The micrometre (Commonwealth English as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System ...
wide) and either occur singly or form short chains. In some cases, the photobiont can be from the genus ''
Phycopeltis ''Phycopeltis'' is a genus of green algae in the family Trentepohliaceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Phycopeltis Data extracted from the It is widespread in humid, tropical or subtropical regions. It typically occurs as an epiphyte on the surface ...
'', which has rectangular to rhomboid cells (12–20 by 6–12 Î¼m) arranged in radiating plates. The reproductive structures, called
apothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. As ...
, are generally round and have a layered margin, known as a structure. This margin consists of three layers: an inner (the true margin of the apothecia), an outer (derived from the lichen body), and a middle layer of
rhomboid Traditionally, in two-dimensional geometry, a rhomboid is a parallelogram in which adjacent sides are of unequal lengths and angles are non-right angled. The terms "rhomboid" and "parallelogram" are often erroneously conflated with each oth ...
crystals (5–10 Î¼m wide) that do not dissolve when treated with
potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula K OH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utili ...
solution (K). The of the apothecia is greyish-black to black and exposed. In cross-section, the proper exciple has a cup-like shape and is made of vertically oriented
hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one o ...
e (fungal filaments) that are 3–6 Î¼m thick, red-brown to (blackened) in colour, and turn olive-green when treated with K. The layer beneath the
hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in oth ...
, or , is pale brown to colourless. The hymenium (the spore-producing layer) is clear, not filled with oil droplets, and shows a faint blue reaction when treated with
iodine Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists at standard conditions as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ...
-based stain ( hemiamyloid). The asci (spore sacs) are cylindrical to club-shaped, usually containing eight spores. They resemble the ''vulgata''-type asci, where the walls and central structure () are not
amyloid Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β) and ability to be stained by particular dyes, such as Congo red. In the human ...
(do not react to iodine), except for a small amyloid ring. The , which are filamentous structures surrounding the asci, are richly branched and connected, often extending well above the height of the asci without swollen or pigmented tips. The ascospores are colourless, elongated (
ellipsoid An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface;  that is, a Surface (mathemat ...
to spindle-shaped), and divided by 3–7 internal walls (
septate In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial se ...
). One central compartment is usually larger than the others. ''Mazosia'' also produces asexual spores in structures called
pycnidia A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inve ...
, which can be either embedded within the thallus or slightly protruding. There are two types of asexual spores: larger, oblong to rod-shaped spores (macroconidia) and smaller, spindle-shaped spores (microconidia). Chemically, ''Mazosia'' species typically lack detectable
secondary metabolite Secondary metabolites, also called ''specialised metabolites'', ''secondary products'', or ''natural products'', are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, archaea, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved ...
s (
lichen product Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol deri ...
s), although some species contain the compound
psoromic acid Psoromic acid is a β-orcinol depsidone with the molecular formula C18H14O8. Psoromic acid inhibits herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2. Furthermore, it inhibits the RabGGTase. Psoromic acid occurs in antarctic lichens A lichen ( , ) ...
.


Species

*'' Mazosia aptrootii'' *'' Mazosia bambusae'' *'' Mazosia bruguierae'' – Japan *'' Mazosia carnea'' *'' Mazosia endonigra'' *'' Mazosia flavida'' – Brazil *'' Mazosia japonica'' – Japan *'' Mazosia leptosticta'' *'' Mazosia lueckingii'' – India *'' Mazosia melanophthalma'' *'' Mazosia paupercula'' *'' Mazosia phyllosema'' *'' Mazosia quadriseptata'' *'' Mazosia rotula'' *'' Mazosia tomentifera'' *'' Mazosia uniseptata'' *'' Mazosia viridescens''


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q6798640 Roccellaceae Arthoniomycetes genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Taxa described in 1854