Max Karl Wilhelm von Gallwitz (2 May 1852 – 18 April 1937) was a German general from
Breslau (Wrocław),
Silesia
Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...
, who served with distinction during
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
on both the
Eastern and
Western Fronts.
Biography
Gallwitz grew up in a
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
family in Breslau and joined the Prussian Army in 1870. In 1891, he married Friedrike. They had a daughter and son Werner, who became a lieutenant general in the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. Gallwitz was a First World War corps commander (
Guards Reserve Corps) on the Western Front, but he was almost immediately transferred east to join the
Eighth Army under
Hindenburg.
In 1915, he took command of ''Armee-Gruppe'' Gallwitz (later redesignated
Twelfth Army) and participated in the Galicia offensive alongside
Mackensen, who commanded the
Eleventh Army.
Towards the end of 1915, Gallwitz succeeded Mackensen as commander of the Eleventh Army, as the latter campaigned against
Serbia
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. In 1916, he moved back to the Western Front and defended against the British attack in the
Battle of the Somme
The Battle of the Somme (; ), also known as the Somme offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and the French Third Republic against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and 18 Nove ...
. He took over command of
2nd Army and of ''Heeresgruppe'' Gallwitz - Somme
[''Heeresgruppe'' or ]Army Group
An army group is a military organization consisting of several field army, field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods. It is usually responsible for a particular geographic area. An army group is the largest field organizatio ...
in the sense of a number of armies under a single commander. controlling the
1st
First most commonly refers to:
* First, the ordinal form of the number 1
First or 1st may also refer to:
Acronyms
* Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array
* Far Infrared a ...
and 2nd Armies. From 1916–18, he commanded the
Fifth Army in the west, most notably engaging the Americans during the
Battle of Saint-Mihiel.
Following his retirement from the army, Gallwitz served as a deputy in the
Reichstag (1920–24) for the
German National People's Party
The German National People's Party (, DNVP) was a national-conservative and German monarchy, monarchist political party in Germany during the Weimar Republic. Before the rise of the Nazi Party, it was the major nationalist party in Weimar German ...
.
Awards and decorations
*
Pour le Mérite
The (; , ), also informally known as the ''Blue Max'' () after German WWI flying ace Max Immelmann, is an order of merit established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. Separated into two classes, each with their own designs, the was ...
(24 July 1915), Oak Leaves added on 28 September 1915
* Grand Cross of the
Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle () was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, o ...
*
Order of the Black Eagle
The Order of the Black Eagle () was the highest order of chivalry in the Kingdom of Prussia. The order was founded on 17 January 1701 by Elector Friedrich III of Brandenburg (who became Friedrich I of Prussia, Friedrich I, King in Prussia, the ...
(23 December 1917)
*
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross (, , abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire (1871–1918), and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). The design, a black cross pattée with a white or silver outline, was derived from the in ...
First and Second class
References
;Notes
;Bibliography
Sources
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External links
*
1852 births
1937 deaths
Military personnel from Wrocław
Military personnel from the Province of Silesia
German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
German untitled nobility
German Army generals of World War I
German Roman Catholics
Generals of Artillery (Prussia)
German monarchists
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Members of the Reichstag 1920–1924
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
German National People's Party politicians
{{Germany-army-bio-stub