Maksymilian Rafailovych "Max" Levchin ( uk, Максиміліан Рафаїлович Левчин; born July 11, 1975) is a
Ukrainian-American
Ukrainian Americans ( uk, Українські американці, Ukrayins'ki amerykantsi) are Americans who are of Ukrainian ancestry. According to U.S. census estimates, in 2021 there were 1,017,586 Americans of Ukrainian descent represe ...
software engineer and businessman. In 1998, he co-founded the company that eventually became
PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers, and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper ...
. Levchin made contributions to PayPal's anti-fraud efforts
and was the co-creator of the Gausebeck-Levchin test, one of the first commercial implementations of a
CAPTCHA
A CAPTCHA ( , a contrived acronym for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart") is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human.
The term was coined in 2003 b ...
challenge response human test.
He founded or co-founded the companies Slide.com, HVF, and
Affirm. He was an early investor in
Yelp
Yelp Inc. is an American company that develops the Yelp.com website and the Yelp mobile app, which publish crowd-sourced reviews about businesses. It also operates Yelp Guest Manager, a table reservation service. It is headquartered in San F ...
and was their largest shareholder in 2012. He left a leadership role in Yelp in 2015.
Levchin was a producer for the movie ''
Thank You for Smoking''.
Early life and education
Born in
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
,
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...
to a
Ukrainian-Jewish
The history of the Jews in Ukraine dates back over a thousand years; Jewish communities have existed in the territory of Ukraine from the time of the Kievan Rus' (late 9th to mid-13th century). Some of the most important Jewish religious and ...
family, Levchin moved to the United States and settled in Chicago in 1991.
[New York Times: "After Succeeding, Young Tycoons Try, Try Again" By GARY RIVLIN]
October 28, 2007 In an interview with Emily Chang of ''
Bloomberg Bloomberg may refer to:
People
* Daniel J. Bloomberg (1905–1984), audio engineer
* Georgina Bloomberg (born 1983), professional equestrian
* Michael Bloomberg (born 1942), American businessman and founder of Bloomberg L.P.; politician and ...
'', Levchin discussed his overcoming adversity as a child. He had respiratory problems and doctors doubted his chance of living. With guidance from his grandmother and his parents he took up the clarinet to expand his lung capacity. He attended
Mather High School
Stephen Tyng Mather High School (commonly known as simply Mather) is a public 4–year high school located in the West Ridge neighborhood on the north side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in 1959, Mather is operated by the Chicago Pub ...
, and then the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the Uni ...
, where he earned a
bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin ''baccalaureus'') or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin ''baccalaureatus'') is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six ...
in computer science in 1997.
Business career
In the summer of 1995, Levchin and fellow University of Illinois students
Luke Nosek
Luke Nosek (; born 1975/1976) is a Polish-American entrepreneur, notable for being a co-founder of PayPal.
Biography
Łukasz Nosek was born in Tarnów, Poland. After emigrating to the US, he earned a B.S. in Computer Engineering from the Univer ...
and
Scott Banister founded SponsorNet New Media.
PayPal
In 1998, Levchin and
Peter Thiel
Peter Andreas Thiel (; born 11 October 1967) is a German-American billionaire entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and political activist. A co-founder of PayPal, Palantir Technologies, and Founders Fund, he was the first outside investor in Fac ...
founded Fieldlink, a security company that allowed users to store encrypted data on their
PalmPilot
The PalmPilot Personal and PalmPilot Professional are the second generation of Palm PDA devices produced by Palm Inc (then a subsidiary of U.S. Robotics, later 3Com). These devices were launched on March 10, 1997.
Accessories and pricing
P ...
s and other
PDA devices for handheld devices to serve as "
digital wallet
A digital wallet, also known as an e-wallet, is an electronic device, online service, or software program that allows one party to make electronic transactions with another party bartering digital currency units for goods and services. This ca ...
s".
After changing the company name to
Confinity
Confinity Inc. was an American software company based in Silicon Valley, best known as the creator of PayPal. It was founded in December 1998 by Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, and Luke Nosek, initially as a Palm Pilot payments and cryptography comp ...
, they developed a popular payment product known as PayPal and focused on digital transfers of funds by PDA.
The company merged with
X.com
X.com was an online bank co-founded by Elon Musk, Harris Fricker, Christopher Payne, and Ed Ho in 1999 in Palo Alto, California. In 2000, X.com merged with competitor Confinity Inc., a software company also based in Palo Alto. Musk was attracte ...
in 2000, and in 2001, the company adopted the name
PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers, and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper ...
after its main product.
PayPal, Inc. went public in February 2002, and in July 2002 was acquired by
eBay
eBay Inc. ( ) is an American multinational e-commerce company based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website. eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995 and became ...
. Levchin's 2.3% stake in
PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers, and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper ...
was worth approximately $34 million at the time of the acquisition.
Levchin is primarily known for his contributions to
PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers, and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper ...
's anti-fraud efforts
[Max Levchin: Online Fraud-Buster](_blank)
Business Week Online, October 1, 2002 and is also the co-creator of the Gausebeck-Levchin test, one of the first commercial implementations of a
CAPTCHA
A CAPTCHA ( , a contrived acronym for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart") is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human.
The term was coined in 2003 b ...
.
In 2002, he was named to the
MIT
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the ...
''
Technology Review
''MIT Technology Review'' is a bimonthly magazine wholly owned by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and editorially independent of the university. It was founded in 1899 as ''The Technology Review'', and was re-launched without "The" in ...
''
TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35, as well as Innovator of the Year.
Levchin is one of a group of roughly twenty founders and former employees of PayPal who have become referred to as the "
PayPal Mafia
The "PayPal Mafia" is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed additional technology companies such as Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and ...
", due to their success in founding and investing in tech companies after leaving PayPal.
Slide

In 2004, Levchin founded Slide, a personal media-sharing service for social networking sites such as
Myspace and Facebook. Slide was sold to Google in August 2010 for $182 million and, on August 25, Levchin joined the company as vice president of engineering. On August 26, 2011, Google announced it was shutting down Slide, and that Levchin was leaving the company.
HVF and Affirm
In late 2011, Levchin started a company called HVF (standing for "Hard, Valuable, and Fun") that was intended to explore and fund projects and companies in the area of leveraging data, such as data from analog sensors.
In early 2012, the
financial technology
Fintech, a portmanteau of "financial technology", refers to firms using new technology to compete with traditional financial methods in the delivery of financial services. Artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and big data are ...
company
Affirm was spun out of HVF, with the goal of building the next-generation credit network. Affirm was created by Levchin,
Palantir Technologies
Palantir Technologies is a public American software company that specializes in big data analytics. Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, it was founded by Peter Thiel, Nathan Gettings, Joe Lonsdale, Stephen Cohen, and Alex Karp in 2003. The com ...
co-founder Nathan Gettings, and Jeff Kaditz of
First Data
First Data Corporation is a financial services company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The company's STAR Network provided nationwide domestic debit acceptance at more than 2 million retail POS, ATM, and Online outlets for nea ...
. The company is based in San Francisco.
In 2013, HVF launched Glow, a fertility app that helps couples conceive naturally.
After Affirm had its initial public offering, Levchin's stake was estimated at about $2.5 billion.
Board memberships and investments
Levchin was a key early investor in
Yelp
Yelp Inc. is an American company that develops the Yelp.com website and the Yelp mobile app, which publish crowd-sourced reviews about businesses. It also operates Yelp Guest Manager, a table reservation service. It is headquartered in San F ...
, an online
social network
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors. The social network perspective provides a set of methods for ...
ing and review service that started in 2004. He was the company's largest shareholder, owning more than 7 million shares as of 2012.
[Who Got Rich This Week: Chief Yelper Levchin, An Ohio Barrel Heiress And More](_blank)
Forbes (March 30, 2012). Retrieved on January 14, 2014. Levchin served as chairman of Yelp's board of directors from its founding until July 2015.
Levchin is an investor in
Evernote
Evernote is a note-taking and task management application. It is developed by the Evernote Corporation, headquartered in Redwood City, California. It is intended for archiving and creating notes in which photos, audio and saved web content can ...
. He served on the company's board of directors from August 7, 2006, to 2016.
In December 2012, Levchin joined
Yahoo
Yahoo! (, styled yahoo''!'' in its logo) is an American web services provider. It is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and operated by the namesake company Yahoo! Inc. (2017–present), Yahoo Inc., which is 90% owned by investment funds ma ...
's board of directors, and served until December 2015.
In 2015, Levchin was appointed to the U.S.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. CFPB's jurisdiction includes banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mor ...
(CFPB) advisory board for a three-year term, making him the first executive from Silicon Valley to be appointed to the board. In 2021, Levchin, after his experience on the advisory board at the CFPB, called for the necessity for the tech industry to engage more with regulators.
As of 2021 Levchin had an estimated net worth of a little over $3 billion
USD
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...
.
In the media
Levchin appeared as a speaker at the 2007 Startup School organized by
Y Combinator
Y Combinator (YC) is an American technology startup accelerator launched in March 2005. It has been used to launch more than 3,000 companies, including Airbnb, Coinbase, Cruise, DoorDash, Dropbox, Instacart, Quora, PagerDuty, Reddit, Str ...
, where he described his own journey as an entrepreneur and the mistakes he made and lessons he learned. Levchin was also featured in "Brilliant Issue" of ''Portfolio'' by
Condé Nast Publications
Condé is a French place name and personal name. It is ultimately derived from a Celtic word, "Condate", meaning "confluence" (of two rivers) - from which was derived the Romanised form "Condatum", in use during the Roman period, and thence to ...
. In 2022 Levchin was interviewed in an
NPR podcast called "
How I Built This" where he spoke about his early life and business endeavors including his role in
PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company operating an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers, and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper ...
.
Politics
Levchin was listed as one of the contributors to
FWD.us, a Silicon Valley-based lobbying group spearheaded by
Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (; born ) is an American business magnate, internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He is known for co-founding the social media website Facebook and its parent company Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook, Inc.), of ...
and
Joe Green. The group is intended to concentrate on immigration liberalization for high-skilled immigrants to the United States, improvements to education, and facilitating technological breakthroughs with broad public benefits. Levchin also narrated his personal experience as an immigrant in a video released by the group.
In 2013, amidst the controversy over
mass surveillance and
NSA
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collectio ...
espionage
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information ( intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tang ...
activities, Levchin defended the NSA. According to him, the agency was designed to protect the US from
terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...
, so even if it oversteps its bounds, the public shouldn’t hate it. This opinion was opposed to that of many in the
tech industry, including
Michael Arrington
J. Michael Arrington (born March 13, 1970) is the American founder and former co-editor of TechCrunch, a blog covering the Silicon Valley technology start-up communities and the wider technology field in America and elsewhere. Magazines such as ...
who stated that NSA espionage does not stop
terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...
- "it IS terrorism".
Personal life
In 2008, Levchin married his longtime girlfriend, Nellie Minkova.
Upstart Business Journal: "Mid-day Bytes: AOL, Max Levchin's Wedding, PacketVideo Triumphs" by Andrea Chalupa
September 29, 2008 He has two children.
References
Further reading
— ''New York Times'' profile on Levchin
External links
Personal Website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Levchin, Max
1975 births
Living people
American computer businesspeople
American computer scientists
American investors
American technology chief executives
American technology company founders
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople in information technology
Jewish American scientists
PayPal people
Engineers from Kyiv
Ukrainian SSR emigrants to the United States
Ukrainian Jews
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Directors of Yahoo!
American chief technology officers
21st-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesspeople
Mather High School alumni
21st-century Ukrainian engineers