Mawkmai, also known as Maukme (), was a

Shan State Shan State (, ; , ) is a administrative divisions of Myanmar, state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos (Louang Namtha Province, Louang Namtha and Bokeo Provinces) to the east, and Thailand (Chiang Rai Province, Chia ...

in what is today Burma. It belonged to the Eastern Division of the Southern Shan States.dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_242.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 236.]

History

Mawkmai state was founded in 1767 by Hsai Khiao, hailing from a noble family of the city of

Chiang Mai Chiang Mai, sometimes written as Chiengmai or Chiangmai, is the largest city in northern Thailand, the capital of Chiang Mai province and the List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population, second largest city in Thailan ...

. According to tradition a predecessor state named Lokavadi had existed previously in the area. As a result of the Anglo-Siamese Boundary Commission of 1892-93 the Möngmaü and Mehsakun trans-

Salween The Salween is a Southeast Asian river, about long, flowing from the Tibetan Plateau south into the Andaman Sea. The Salween flows primarily within southwest China and eastern Myanmar, with a short section forming the border of Myanmar and Tha ...

districts, claimed by

Siam Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

as territories located on the eastern side of the Salween River, were kept as part of Mawkmai state, but

Mae Hong Son Mae Hong Son (; , ) is a town ('' thesaban mueang'') in north-west Thailand, capital of Mae Hong Son Province. It is in the Shan Hills, near the border with Burma along the banks of the River Pai. As of 2018, the town had 7,066 inhabitants. The ...

district was ceded to Siam. In 1942, the

Imperial Japanese Army The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...

accompanied by the Thai Phayap Army invaded the Federated Shan States from Thailand. The defense of the Shan States had been left to the Nationalist Chinese forces, upon the request of the British. The 93rd Division of the Chinese Army defended the Keng Tung, while the 249th and 55th Divisions guarded from the Kengtung to Karenni States along the Thai border. The Japanese forces with superior air power went on to dislodge the Nationalist Chinese forces by November 1942.Aung Tun 2009: 195–196 The IJA allowed the Phayap Army to occupy all of Kengtung State and the four districts of Möng Tang, Möng Hang, Möng Kyawt and Möng Hta of Mongpan State. Following the existing agreement between Thai Prime Minister

Plaek Phibunsongkhram Plaek Phibunsongkhram; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964) was a Thai military officer and politician who served as the third prime minister of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and again from 1948 to 1957. He rose to power as a leading member of the Kh ...

(Phibun) and the

Japanese Empire The Empire of Japan, also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was the Japanese nation state that existed from the Meiji Restoration on January 3, 1868, until the Constitution of Japan took effect on May 3, 1947. From 1910 to ...

, on 18 August 1943, the Japanese government agreed to the Thai annexation of Kengtung and part of Mongpan state (as well as the annexation of Kelantan, Trengganu, Kedah, Perlis states and nearby islands in Malaya.)Aung Tun 2009: 202 The Thai government wanted the two districts of Möngmaü and Mehsakun of Mawkmai of the southern Shan states as well as part of Kantarawadi in the Karenni states, all located east of the

Salween River The Salween is a Southeast Asian river, about long, flowing from the Tibetan Plateau south into the Andaman Sea. The Salween flows primarily within southwest China and eastern Myanmar, with a short section forming the border of Myanmar and Tha ...

, but the Japanese assigned them to their client

State of Burma The State of Burma (; , ''Biruma-koku'') was a Japanese puppet state established in 1943 during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II. Background During the early stages of World War II, the Empire of Japan invaded British Burma ...

in September 1943.Aung Tun 2009: 203–204, 205–206 Following the defeat and surrender of the

, Thailand left the territories it had annexed to the north in 1945. However, the Thai government officially relinquished its claim over Mawkmai State only in 1946 as part of the condition for admission to the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

and the withdrawal of all wartime sanctions for having sided with the

Axis powers The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was the military coalition which initiated World War II and fought against the Allies of World War II, Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Ge ...

Rulers

The rulers of the state bore the title Saopha. Ritual style ''Kambawsa Rahta Mahawuntha Thiriraza''. *1767 - c.1800 Hsai Khiao *1800 - 1818 Hsai Kyaw *1818 - 1824 Awk Hkun *1824 - 1831 Let To *1831 - 1844 Hkam U *1844 - 1867 Ko Lan (1st time) (d. 1887) *1867 - 1868 Hkum Hmôm I *1868 - 1887 Ko Lan (2nd time) (s.a.) *1887 - 1888 Hkun Hmôm II (1st time) (b. c.1864 - d. 1899) *Mar 1888 - 1888 Hkun Noi Kyu *1888 - 1899 Hkun Hmôm II (2nd time) *1899 - 30 Nov 1906 Hkun Htun Peng (b. 1883 - d. 1906) *1899 - 1904 Hkun Ne -Regent (1st time) (b. 1865 - d. 19..) *30 Nov 1906 - 1917 Hkun Leng (b. 1898 - d. 1915) *30 Nov 1906 - 1909 Hkun Ne -Regent (2nd time) (s.a.) *1917 - 1952 Hkun Hkaing

References

External links

"Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states"The Imperial Gazetteer of India
{{coord missing, Myanmar Shan States 1767 establishments in Asia ca:Mawkmai

History

Rulers

See also

References

External links