Maud of Apulia (c. 1060 – c. 1112) was a member of the Norman D’Hauteville family and a daughter of

Robert Guiscard Robert Guiscard ( , ; – 17 July 1085), also referred to as Robert de Hauteville, was a Normans, Norman adventurer remembered for his Norman conquest of southern Italy, conquest of southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th century. Robert was born ...

and his second wife

Sikelgaita Sikelgaita (also ''Sichelgaita'', ''Sigelgaita'', or ''Gaita'') (c. 1040 – 16 April 1090) was a Lombards, Lombard princess, the daughter of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno and second wife of Duke Robert Guiscard of Apulia. Her heritage made her ...

, a Lombard princess, the daughter of Guaimar IV,

Prince of Salerno This page is a list of the rulers of the Principality of Salerno. Salerno was a Lombard Principality in southern Italy in the latter centuries of the first millenium. When Prince Sicard of Benevento was assassinated by Radelchis I of Benevento, ...

. She was also known as Mahalda, Mahault, Mafalda and Matilda. She was the wife of Ramón Berenguer II, and thus Countess of Barcelona (1077–1082). After her husband’s death, she remarried Aimery I, the Viscount of Narbonne (1086–1108).

Lineage

Maud was the first daughter of

, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife

. Her brother was

Roger Borsa Roger Borsa (1060/1061 – 22 February 1111) was the Norman Duke of Apulia and Calabria and effective ruler of southern Italy Southern Italy (, , or , ; ; ), also known as () or (; ; ; ), is a macroregion of Italy consisting of its sou ...

, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and

Roger II Roger II or Roger the Great (, , Greek: Ρογέριος; 22 December 1095 – 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily and Africa, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became ...

(sons of

Roger Roger is a masculine given name, and a surname. The given name is derived from the Old French personal names ' and '. These names are of Germanic languages">Germanic origin, derived from the elements ', ''χrōþi'' ("fame", "renown", "honour") ...

) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of

Bohemund of Taranto Bohemond I of Antioch ( 1054 – 5 or 7 March 1111), also known as Bohemond of Taranto or Bohemond of Hauteville, was the prince of Taranto from 1089 to 1111 and the prince of Antioch from 1098 to 1111. He was a leader of the First Crusade, lead ...

, who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade and became

Prince of Antioch Prince of Antioch was the title given during the Middle Ages to Normans, Norman rulers of the Principality of Antioch, a region surrounding the city of Antioch, now known as Antakya in Turkey. The Princes originally came from the County of Sicil ...

Countess of Barcelona

The wedding of Ramon Berenguer II with Maud took place at the beginning of 1077. The marriage could have been the result of the policy of

Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII (; 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana (), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. One of the great ...

, who sought support among the Norman nobility of southern Italy against

Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV (; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and List of kings of Burgundy, Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was t ...

. In that same year, Counts William IV of Toulouse and Ramón de Roerga, stepbrothers of Ramón Berenguer, had also married with daughters of Norman noblemen. On December 5, 1082, Ramón Berenguer II was assassinated by a group of men believed to have conspired with his twin brother, Berenguer Ramón II, with whom he shared the rule of the county of Barcelona. A few days before, Maud had given birth to a son, the future Ramón Berenguer III. The death of her husband left Maud and her son in a precarious situation, since the infant could not inherit the county until after the death of his uncle. However, he did succeed to that role in 1097, when his Uncle was exiled.

Viscountess of Narbonne

Around 1086, Maud married Aimery I, Viscount of Narbonne, with whom she had four children: the future Aimery II of Narbonne, Guiscardo, Bernardo and Berenguer. She was widowed again in 1105, after which she returned to Barcelona, her first son, Ramón Berenguer III, being already installed as the Count of Barcelona. She died in the Monastery of Sant Daniel, Girona and was buried in the Girona Cathedral next to her first husband.Sobrequés, note 55, p. 132.

References

Sources

* Sobrequés, Santiago, Els Grans Comtes de Barcelona, Barcelona, 1961. * Norwich, John Julius, ''The Normans in the South 1016-1130''. Longman: London, 1967. * Norwich, John Julius, ''The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194''. Longman: London, 1970. * Matthew, Donald. ''The Norman Kingdom of Sicily''. Cambridge University Press: London, 1992. * {{cite journal , last1=Langlois , first1=Gauthier , date=2018 , title=Nouvelles perspectives sur les relations entre Barcelone et Carcassonne à la fin du XIe siècle d'après un compte catalan , url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_2018_num_130_304_8964 , journal=Annales du Midi , volume=130 , issue=304 , pages=519–533 1060s births 1110s deaths House of Barcelona 11th-century Italian women 11th-century Italian people Maud 11th-century Spanish women Children of Robert Guiscard

Lineage

Countess of Barcelona

Viscountess of Narbonne

See also

References

Sources