Matvei Golovinski

Matvei Vasilyevich Golovinski (alternatively, Mathieu) (russian: Матвей Васильевич Головинский) (6 March 1865 – 1920) was a Russian-French writer, journalist and political activist. Critics studying ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'' have argued that he was the author of the work. This claim is reinforced by the writings of modern Russian historian Mikhail Lepekhine, who in 1999 studied previously closed French archives stored in Moscow containing information supporting Golovinski's authorship. Back in the mid-1930s, Russian testimony in the Berne Trial had linked the head of Russian security service in Paris, Pyotr Rachkovsky, to the creation of ''The Protocols''.

Life

Matvei Golovinski was born into an aristocratic family in the village of Ivashevka (Ивашевка), in the Syzransky Uyezd of the Simbirsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. His father, Vasili Golovinski (Василий Головинский) was a friend of Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Both were members of the progressive Petrashevsky Circle, sentenced to the capital punishment as conspirators and both were pardoned later. Vasili Golovinski died in 1875 and Matvei Golovinski was reared by his mother and the French nanny.

While studying jurisprudence, Golovinski joined an antisemitic counter-revolutionary group ''Holy Brotherhood'' ("Святое Братство"). Upon graduation, he worked for the Okhrana, secretly arranging pro-government coverage in the press. Golovinski's career almost collapsed and he had to leave the country after his activities were publicly exposed by Maxim Gorky. In France, he wrote and published articles on assignments of the Chief of Russian secret service in Paris, Pyotr Rachkovsky.

After the October Revolution of 1917, Golovinsky switched sides and worked for the Bolsheviks until his death in 1920.

Authorship of the ''Protocols''

On 19 November 1999, Patrick Bishop reported from Paris:

Research by a leading Russian historian, Mikhail Lepekhine, in recently opened archives has found the forgery to be the work of Mathieu Golovinski, opportunistic scion of an aristocratic but rebellious family that drifted into a life of espionage and propaganda work. After working for the czarist secret service, he later changed sides and joined the Bolsheviks. Mr. Lepekhine’s findings, published in the French magazine ''L'Express'', would appear to clear up the last remaining mystery surrounding the ''Protocols''.

In his 2001 book ''The Question of the Authorship of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion"'', a Ukrainian scholar Vadim Skuratovsky offers a scrupulous and extensive literary, historical and linguistic analysis of the original Russian language text of the ''Protocols''. Skuratovsky provides evidence that Charles Joly, a son of Maurice Joly (on whose writings the ''Protocols'' are based), visited Saint Petersburg in 1902 and that Golovinsky and Charles Joly worked together at ''Le Figaro'' in Paris. Skuratovsky also traces the influences of Dostoyevsky's prose (in particular, '' The Grand Inquisitor'' and '' The Possessed'') on Golovinsky's writings, including ''The Protocols''.

In his book ''The Non-Existent Manuscript. A Study of the Protocols of the Sages of Zion'', Italian researcher Cesare De Michelis writes that the hypothesis of Golovinski's authorship was based on a statement by Princess Catherine Radziwill

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