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Mahattah, or Matta, was the chief and later feudatory of
Siwistan Sehwan ( sd, سيوهڻ شريف, ur, ; also commonly referred to as Sehwan Sharif or ''Noble Sehwan'') is a historic city located in Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan and on the west bank of the Indus north-west of Hyderabad. The ...
, in what is now
Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
. He ruled from
Sehwan Sharif Sehwan ( sd, سيوهڻ شريف, ur, ; also commonly referred to as Sehwan Sharif or ''Noble Sehwan'') is a historic city located in Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan and on the west bank of the Indus north-west of Hyderabad. Th ...
, in the
Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...
region, in the 7th century CE.


Life

Matta, a member of the
Rai dynasty The Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE) was a polity of ancient Sindh. Scholarship Pre-Islamic Sindh has been the subject of voluminous scholarship concerning the eve of Arab conquests; otherwise, the paucity of source materials remains a severe hin ...
, was chief of
Siwistan Sehwan ( sd, سيوهڻ شريف, ur, ; also commonly referred to as Sehwan Sharif or ''Noble Sehwan'') is a historic city located in Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan and on the west bank of the Indus north-west of Hyderabad. The ...
in what is today
Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
. He succeeded his father as chief."Chach sends a messenger to Akham Lohána, chief of Brahmanábád"
from the ''
Chach Nama ''Chach Nama'' ( sd, چچ نامو; ur, چچ نامہ; "Story of the Chach"), also known as the ''Fateh nama Sindh'' ( sd, فتح نامه سنڌ; "Story of the conquest of Sindh"), and as ''Tareekh al-Hind wa a's-Sind'' ( ar, تاريخ اله� ...
'', in Elliot, Henry Miers (1867), '' The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period'', Vol. I, edited and continued by J. Dowson (London: Trübner), pp. 145–146.
When
Chach of Alor Chach (c. 631-671 AD) ( sd, چچ)Wink, André. (1991)''Al- Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest''. 2, p. 153 Leiden: Brill. was a Hindu Brahmin king of Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent in t ...
began the expansion of his empire, he entered Siwistan."The army marches to Siwistán"
from the ''
Chach Nama ''Chach Nama'' ( sd, چچ نامو; ur, چچ نامہ; "Story of the Chach"), also known as the ''Fateh nama Sindh'' ( sd, فتح نامه سنڌ; "Story of the conquest of Sindh"), and as ''Tareekh al-Hind wa a's-Sind'' ( ar, تاريخ اله� ...
'', ''ibid.'', p. 145.
Matta and a large retinue met Chach's army, and a battle was fought between the opposing factions. Chach defeated Matta and he was forced to flee to his fort. Besieged, his garrison surrendered and, after one week, he sued for peace. Chach, however, appointed Matta as his governor in Siwistan leaving just one of his own officers to oversee the new governmental structure. After his conquest of Siwistan, Chach called on
Agham Lohana Agham Lohana was the powerful king of Brahmanabad, (in Sindh, modern Pakistan) contemporary and opponent to Chach of Alor. Agham was a Buddhist and belong to Lohana clan. Biography Agham Lohana is described in the Chachnama as a ruler of Brahmanab ...
, ruler of
Brahmanabad Mansura ( ar, المنصورة, al-manṣūra, the triumphant ity}), referred to as Brahmanabad ( ur, برہمن آباد ; sd, برهمڻ آباد, barhamaṇabād) in later centuries, was the historic capital of the Muslim Caliphate in Sind ...
, to acknowledge his sovereignty. A short time later, Chach's soldiers seized a messenger bearing letters from Agham to Matta. The correspondence revealed that Matta had decided to defect from Chach's service and was to travel to Brahmanabad, where he would be granted asylum and given a residence. Matta, realizing that his plans had been discovered, fled Siwistan for the safety of Zābul. The tense situation between Alor and Brahmanabad later escalated into war, and Agham was killed in battle. After Chach's death, Matta approached
King Siharas Siharas (also known as Sayar, Satbar, and Satban) was the Rajput king of Kannauj in the 7th century CE. Life Siharas was the son of Rasal, who preceded him as king of Kannuaj. According to the Chachnama, when Chach of Alor began the expansion o ...
, ruler of
Kanauj Kannauj (Hindustani pronunciation: ənːɔːd͡ʒ is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city's name is a corrupted form of the cla ...
."Journey of Matta, Chief of Siwistán"
from the ''
Chach Nama ''Chach Nama'' ( sd, چچ نامو; ur, چچ نامہ; "Story of the Chach"), also known as the ''Fateh nama Sindh'' ( sd, فتح نامه سنڌ; "Story of the conquest of Sindh"), and as ''Tareekh al-Hind wa a's-Sind'' ( ar, تاريخ اله� ...
'', ''ibid.'', p. 153.
The former chief urged Siharas to seize Chach's domains and place them under his control. For this action, Siharas would receive tribute from Matta. Siharas refused, stating that, even if he decided to seize the lands, he would place them under his own rule. However, he agreed to give Matta governorship of part of these conquests. Aligned with Chach's grandson, Siharas's armies invaded the dead ruler's domains (now administered by Chach's brother Chandar), but their campaign ultimately failed, as Chandar continued to sit on the throne."The answer of Siharas"
from the ''
Chach Nama ''Chach Nama'' ( sd, چچ نامو; ur, چچ نامہ; "Story of the Chach"), also known as the ''Fateh nama Sindh'' ( sd, فتح نامه سنڌ; "Story of the conquest of Sindh"), and as ''Tareekh al-Hind wa a's-Sind'' ( ar, تاريخ اله� ...
'', ''ibid.'', p. 153.
At the end of the campaign, Siharas was captured by Chandar's forces. After the death of Siharas, Matta fled the battlefield towards
Balochistan Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastl ...
and requested help from the
Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
which controlled the region of Balochistan and western
Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...
however due to the harsh terms set by the
Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
s, Matta refused their help and decided to try and take the throne on his own. When he battled Chandar, his forces were no match for the army and he was eventually killed along with most of his army.


See also

*
Agham Lohana Agham Lohana was the powerful king of Brahmanabad, (in Sindh, modern Pakistan) contemporary and opponent to Chach of Alor. Agham was a Buddhist and belong to Lohana clan. Biography Agham Lohana is described in the Chachnama as a ruler of Brahmanab ...
*
Chach of Alor Chach (c. 631-671 AD) ( sd, چچ)Wink, André. (1991)''Al- Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest''. 2, p. 153 Leiden: Brill. was a Hindu Brahmin king of Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent in t ...
*
King Siharas Siharas (also known as Sayar, Satbar, and Satban) was the Rajput king of Kannauj in the 7th century CE. Life Siharas was the son of Rasal, who preceded him as king of Kannuaj. According to the Chachnama, when Chach of Alor began the expansion o ...
*
Sehwan Sharif Sehwan ( sd, سيوهڻ شريف, ur, ; also commonly referred to as Sehwan Sharif or ''Noble Sehwan'') is a historic city located in Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan and on the west bank of the Indus north-west of Hyderabad. Th ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Matta History of Pakistan History of Sindh Chach Nama 7th-century births 7th-century deaths