Mary L. Gray
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Mary L. Gray is an American anthropologist and author. She is a Fellow at
Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
's Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society, as well as a Senior Principal Researcher at
Microsoft Research Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid, Bill Gates and Nathan Myhrvold with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technologi ...
. Along with her research, Gray teaches at
Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a state university system, system of Public university, public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. The system has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration o ...
, maintaining an appointment as an Associate Professor of the Media School, with affiliations in American Studies,
Anthropology Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, society, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Social anthropology studies patterns of behav ...
, and Gender Studies. In 2020, she was awarded a
MacArthur Genius Grant The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and colloquially called the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the MacArthur Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to typically between 20 and ...
in recognition of her work "investigating the ways in which labor, identity, and human rights are transformed by the digital economy."


Education

In 1992, Gray completed a B.A. in anthropology and Native American studies at
University of California, Davis The University of California, Davis (UC Davis, UCD, or Davis) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Davis, California, United States. It is the northernmost of the ten campuses of the University ...
. Her senior project explored the role of contemporary Alaskan Native single mothers in subsistence economies. Her advisors were
David Risling David Risling Jr. (April 10, 1921 in Morek, Humboldt County, California – March 13, 2005 in Davis, California) was a Native American ( Hoopa) educator and rights activist who was often referred to as "The Father of Indian Education". Life and a ...
and William G. Davis. In 1999, Gray earned a M.A. in anthropology from
San Francisco State University San Francisco State University (San Francisco State, SF State and SFSU) is a Public university, public research university in San Francisco, California, United States. It was established in 1899 as the San Francisco State Normal School and is ...
. Her thesis was on queer youth narratives, the topic of her first book. Gray's advisors were John Paul De Cecco and
Gilbert Herdt Gilbert H. Herdt (born February 24, 1949) is Emeritus Professor of Human Sexuality Studies and Anthropology and a Founder of the Department of Sexuality Studies and National Sexuality Resource Center at San Francisco State University. He founded ...
. She completed a Ph.D. in communication at
University of California, San Diego The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego in communications material, formerly and colloquially UCSD) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in San Diego, California, United States. Es ...
in 2004. Gray's doctoral advisors were
Susan Leigh Star Susan Leigh Star (1954–2010) was an American sociologist. She specialized in the study of information in modern society; information worlds; information infrastructure; classification and standardization; sociology of science; sociology of wor ...
and Olga Vásquez. Her dissertation was titled ''Coming of Age in a Digital Era: Youth Queering Technologies in Small Town, USA''.


Career

Gray's early works explore the experiences of
LGBTQ LGBTQ people are individuals who are lesbian, Gay men, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (sexuality and gender), questioning. Many variants of the initialism are used; LGBTQIA+ people incorporates intersex, Asexuality, asexual, ...
youth, with a particular focus on the lives of those in rural areas. Her book ''Out in the Country: Youth, Media, and Queer Visibility in Rural America'' examined how queer young people use digital tools to connect with and create community, challenging the primacy of urban areas as the focus of LGBTQ experience. Gray's most recent book, ''Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass,'' takes a deep dive into the depths of the "ghosts" or, human labor force, that allow some of the internet's largest websites to run smoothly. The book takes a look at big companies, like
Google Google LLC (, ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial ...
and
Amazon Amazon most often refers to: * Amazon River, in South America * Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin * Amazon (company), an American multinational technology company * Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek myth ...
, that use these "ghost workers" to do things like censor their sites while trying to pass it off as AI.


Awards

* Ruth Benedict Prize *
MacArthur Fellows Program The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and colloquially called the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the MacArthur Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to typically between 20 and ...
2020


Selected works

* * * * Reviews of Ghost Work: * * * See also
Ghost Work Ghost work is work performed by a human, but believed by a customer to be performed by an automated process. The term was coined by anthropologist Mary L. Gray and computer scientist Siddharth Suri in their 2019 book, ''Ghost Work: How to Stop Si ...
.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Gray, Mary L. Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American women anthropologists Artificial intelligence ethicists 21st-century American anthropologists 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American women writers Microsoft employees Indiana University Bloomington faculty American women non-fiction writers Berkman Fellows University of California, Davis alumni University of California, San Diego alumni San Francisco State University alumni MacArthur Fellows