Mary Foote (November 25, 1872 – January 28, 1968) was an American painter and producer of notes of

Carl Jung Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and psychologist who founded the school of analytical psychology. A prolific author of Carl Jung publications, over 20 books, illustrator, and corr ...

's seminars. As an artist, she lived and worked in New York's Washington Square,

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

and

Peking Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city by urban area after Shanghai. It is l ...

. From 1928 to the 1950s she lived in

Zürich Zurich (; ) is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 448,664 inhabitants. The ...

and created and published notes of Carl Jung's seminars until World War II. She returned to the United States in the 1950s and spent her later years in Connecticut, where she died.

Early life

Mary Foote was the daughter of Charles Spencer Foote and Hannah Hubbard Foote. She was born in

Guilford, Connecticut Guilford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, that borders Madison, Connecticut, Madison, Branford, Connecticut, Branford, North Branford, Connecticut, North Branford and Durham, Connecticut, Durham, and is situated on Inter ...

, as was her younger sister, Margaret Foote Hawley, who also became an artist and painted a profile portrait of a girl named Mary Foote. After the girls were orphaned, Margaret was raised by her aunt, Harriet Foote Hawley and her husband in Washington, D.C.Jules Heller; Nancy G. Heller.
North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary
'. Taylor & Francis; 19 December 2013. . p. 1862. Mary was taken in by an aunt who lived in Hartford, Connecticut after she became an orphan at the age of 13. Her cousin was Lilly Gillette Foote, who was governess to

Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, and essayist. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced," with William Fau ...

's children.Joan MacPhail Knight.
Charlotte in Giverny
'. Chronicle Books; 4 January 2013. . p. 81. For a period of time Mary Foote lived in the Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) household and was friends with

Susy Clemens Olivia Susan Clemens (March 19, 1872 – August 18, 1896) was the second child and eldest daughter of Samuel Clemens, who wrote under the pen name Mark Twain, and his wife Olivia Langdon Clemens. She inspired some of her father's works, at 13 ...

. Mary Foote was a member of the

Daughters of the American Revolution The National Society Daughters of the American Revolution (often abbreviated as DAR or NSDAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a patriot of the American Revolutionary War. A non-p ...

, the great-great-granddaughter of General Andrew Ward (1727-1799) and Diana Hubbard Ward. Ward, who was born and died in Guilford, Connecticut, was commended for his bravery by

George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...

. Foote's grandparents were George Augustus Foote and Eliza Spencer and her great-grandparents were Eli Foote and Diana Ward.

Career

Art

Beginning in 1890, she studied art at

Yale School of Art The Yale School of Art is the art school of Yale University. Founded in 1869 as the first professional fine arts school in the United States, it grants Master of Fine Arts, Masters of Fine Arts degrees to students completing a two-year course in g ...

.''Mary Foote.''
Intimate Circles: American Women in the Arts. Yale Library. Retrieved May 2, 2014. In 1894, the Alice Kimball English Prize, which was established to support summer travel, was awarded to Foote. The William Wirt Winchester Prize, which funded two years of study in Europe, was awarded to Foote in 1897; It was considered the "largest prize of its kind" in the United States at that time. Foote travelled to

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

and studied with

John Singer Sargent John Singer Sargent (; January 12, 1856 – April 15, 1925) was an American expatriate artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian era, Edwardian-era luxury. He created roughly 900 oil ...

. She was a student of Frederick MacMonnies at the

Académie Carmen Académie Carmen, also known as Whistler's School, was a short-lived Parisian art school founded by James McNeill Whistler. It operated from 1898 to 1901. History The school opened in October 1898 in a large house and stable at No. 6 Passage St ...

in Paris and at

Giverny Giverny () is a Communes of France, commune in the northern French Departments of France, department of Eure.
Book News: An Illustrated Magazine of Literature and Books ...
'. J. Wanamaker.; 1905. p. 710. Her friends included art patron

Mabel Dodge Mabel Evans Dodge Sterne Luhan (pronounced ''LOO-hahn''; née Ganson; February 26, 1879 – August 13, 1962) was an American patron of the arts, who was particularly associated with the Taos art colony. Early life Mabel Ganson was the heiress o ...

, dancer

Isadora Duncan Angela Isadora Duncan (May 26, 1877, or May 27, 1878 – September 14, 1927) was an American-born dancer and choreographer, who was a pioneer of modern contemporary dance and performed to great acclaim throughout Europe and the United States. Bor ...

, author

Henry James Henry James ( – ) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the ...

, writer

Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh), and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, and ...

James McNeill Whistler James Abbott McNeill Whistler (; July 10, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter in oils and watercolor, and printmaker, active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He eschewed sentimentality and moral a ...

Ellen Emmet Rand Ellen Emmet Rand (née Ellen Gertrude Emmet; March 4, 1875 – December 18, 1941) was a painter and illustrator. She specialized in portraits, painting over 500 works during her career including portraits of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, artis ...

, and

Cecilia Beaux Eliza Cecilia Beaux (May 1, 1855 – September 17, 1942) was an American artist and the first woman to teach art at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Known for her elegant and sensitive portraits of friends, relatives, and Gilded Age p ...

. In 1901, she returned to New York City to set up a studio on Washington Square where she earned a comfortable living from her portrait commissions; her list of clients reads as a Who's Who of the art scene of her day. Foote painted a wide range of subjects including portraits, figures, florals, and landscapes.''Mary Foote.''
John Pence Gallery. Retrieved May 4, 2014. Her work was exhibited at the

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum ...

, along with the works of

Robert Henri Robert Henri (; June 24, 1865 – July 12, 1929) was an American painter and teacher. As a young man, he studied in Paris, where he identified strongly with the Impressionists, and determined to lead an even more dramatic revolt against A ...

, Edmund Tarbell and other noted artists. Her work was described as follows: At the

Armory Show The 1913 Armory Show, also known as the International Exhibition of Modern Art, was organized by thAssociation of American Painters and Sculptors It was the first large exhibition of modern art in America, as well as one of the many exhibition ...

in 1913, she exhibited ''Old Lady''. Foote lived and worked in Peking, China from December 1926 into early 1927.William McGuire.
Bollingen: An Adventure in Collecting the Past
'. Princeton University Press; 1989. . p. 16. During the 1920s, she shared her studio and had a relationship with Frederick MacMonnies. She went into a deep depression after it ended. She sought treatment from

Smith Ely Jelliffe Smith Ely Jelliffe (October 27, 1866 – September 25, 1945) was an American neurologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He lived and practiced in New York City nearly his entire life. Originally trained in botany and pharmacy, Jelliffe switched ...

, and in 1927, closed down her studio. One of her friends,

Robert Edmond Jones Robert Edmond Jones (December 12, 1887 – November 26, 1954) was an American scenic, lighting, and costume designer. He is credited with incorporating the new stagecraft into the American drama. His designs sought to integrate scenic ele ...

, a stage designer in New York, had been a analysand of

and

Toni Wolff Toni Anna Wolff (18 September 1888 – 21 March 1953) was a Swiss Jungian analyst and a close collaborator of Carl Jung. During her analytic career Wolff published relatively little under her own name, but she helped Jung identify, define, and ...

. He advised Foote, who has been described as neurotic, to seek the treatment of Jung in

, Switzerland.

Carl Jung

After closing her studio, Foote went to Zürich to see Swiss psychoanalyst

. Beginning in 1928, she worked for Jung, first transcribing his seminars and editing Jung's English phrasing, and then producing the bound copies for their participants. For instance, her notes became the basis for ''The Visions Seminars,'' which was published in 1976. Her secretary and assistant from the 1930s until the seminar series ended with the start of World War II was an Englishwoman, Mrs. Emily Köppel, who was married to a man from Switzerland. The work was paid for by subscriptions, and supplemented initially by Mary Foote, and later by Mary and

Paul Mellon Paul Mellon (June 11, 1907 – February 2, 1999) was an American philanthropist and a horse breeding, breeder of thoroughbred horse racing, racehorses. He is one of only five people ever designated an "Exemplar of Racing" by the National Muse ...

and Alice Lewisohn Crowley.C.G. Jung.
Dream Analysis 1: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1928-30
'. Routledge; 28 October 2013. . pp. xi–xii. In the 1930s, Foote had a secret liaison with

Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher lear ...

-educated German businessman and Nazi,

Ernst Hanfstaengl Ernst Franz Sedgwick Hanfstaengl (; 2 February 1887 – 6 November 1975) was a German American businessman and close friend of Adolf Hitler. He eventually fell out of favour with Hitler and defected from Nazi Germany to the United States. He la ...

. She returned to Connecticut shortly before her death; her obituary listed her as having been Jung's "secretary." She was among the social circle of

Mabel Dodge Luhan Mabel Evans Dodge Sterne Luhan (pronounced ''LOO-hahn''; née Ganson; February 26, 1879 – August 13, 1962) was an American patron of the arts, who was particularly associated with the Taos art colony. Early life Mabel Ganson was the heiress o ...

and visited her at her Villa Curonia. A fellow friend,

Muriel Draper Muriel Draper (November 13, 1886 – August 26, 1952) was an American writer, artist and social activist. Biography Moving in English and American art circles, she participated in the Harlem Renaissance. A follower of Russian mystic G. I. Gurdji ...

, said of Foote: She was also described as a tall, elegant woman. Mary Mellon, wife of

, said of her, "She has great style. From her you will learn about the feeling relationships among people there. She is very frail, and I'm afraid not very well. Take her to dinner at the Baur-au-Lac and feed her on champagne and caviar."

Later years and death

In the 1950s, Foote returned to Connecticut.C. G. Jung.
Dream Analysis 1: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1928-30
'. Routledge; 28 October 2013. . p. xi. She died among friends on January 28, 1968, and is buried in the Foote-Ward Cemetery in Guilford, Connecticut. Her papers are with the Yale University Library.

Works

* '' August Florian Jaccaci,'' oil,

Century Association The Century Association is a private social, arts, and dining club in New York City, founded in 1847. Its clubhouse is located at 7 West 43rd Street near Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. It is primarily a club for men and women with distinctio ...

7, New York * ''

Augustus Saint-Gaudens Augustus Saint-Gaudens (; March 1, 1848 – August 3, 1907) was an American sculpture, sculptor of the Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts generation who embodied the ideals of the American Renaissance. Saint-Gaudens was born in Dublin to an Iris ...

,'' oil,

National Academy of Design The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Frederick Styles Agate, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, an ...

* ''

Carrie Chapman Catt Carrie Chapman Catt (born Carrie Clinton Lane; January 9, 1859#Fowler, Fowler, p. 3 – March 9, 1947) was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women t ...

(1859-1947),'' oil on canvas, 1927,

Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, Education center, education and Research institute, research centers, created by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government "for the increase a ...

National Portrait Gallery National Portrait Gallery may refer to: * National Portrait Gallery (Australia), in Canberra * National Portrait Gallery (Sweden), in Mariefred *National Portrait Gallery (United States), in Washington, D.C. *National Portrait Gallery, London ...

* ''Floral Still Life,'' oil, Lagakos-Turak Gallery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1987 * '' Frederick MacMonnies,'' made by 1905 * ''Girl and Reflection,'' oil on canvas * ''

John Crosby Brown John Crosby Brown (May 22, 1838 – June 25, 1909) was a senior partner in the investment bank Brown Bros. & Co., founded by his family. Early life and education Brown was born on May 22, 1838, in New York City. He was the son of banker James B ...

,'' 1914,

Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York The New York Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1768 by twenty New York City merchants. As the first such commercial organization in the United States, it attracted the participation of a number of New York's most influential business leaders, inc ...

* ''Jose Santo and Mother,'' oil on canvas, Smithsonian Institution

National Museum of the American Indian The National Museum of the American Indian is a museum in the United States devoted to the culture of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. It is part of the Smithsonian Institution group of museums and research centers. The museum has three ...

* ''Lady in Lavender,'' oil, * ''

,'' oil on canvas,

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...

* ''Naiad, Paris,'' oil on canvas * ''Oriental Girl with Doll,'' oil on canvas, * ''Paul Draper''Charles Holme; Guy Eglinton; Peyton Boswell.
International Studio
'. New York Offices of the International Studio; 1918. p. lxxxii. * ''Portrait of Mrs. Wilfred Worcester,'' oil on canvas, * ''Rio Grande Woman,'' oil on canvas, , National Museum of the American Indian. Made in New Mexico. * ''Ruth Dana Draper (1850-1914),'' oil on canvas, , She was the wife of William H. Draper. * ''

Ruth Draper Ruth Draper (December 2, 1884December 30, 1956) was an American actress, dramatist and noted Monologist#Diseuse, diseuse who specialized in character-driven monologues and monodrama. Her best-known pieces include ''The Italian Lesson'', ''Three ...

(1884-1956),'' oil on canvas, Smithsonian Institution National Portrait Gallery. She was an actress. * ''Taos Man,'' oil on canvas, , National Museum of the American Indian. Made in New Mexico. * ''Thomas Hastings,'' oil, National Academy of Design * ''William H. Dunwoody,'' oil on canvas, 1913,

Minnesota Historical Society The Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS) is a Nonprofit organization, nonprofit Educational institution, educational and cultural institution dedicated to preserving the history of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was founded by the Minnesota Terr ...

, St. Paul, MinnesotaSearch: Mary Foote.
SIRIS. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved May 5, 2014.

References

External links

American Women in the Arts, Yale University (includes photographs of Mary Foote) * Mary Foote Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. {{DEFAULTSORT:Foote, Mary 1872 births 1968 deaths 19th-century American painters 20th-century American painters 20th-century American women artists Académie Carmen alumni Artists from Connecticut Yale School of Art alumni 19th-century American women painters