''Martin v. Ohio'', 480 U.S. 228 (1987), is a
criminal case
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail ...
in which the
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that turn on question ...
held that the presumption of innocence requiring prosecution to prove each element of a crime
beyond a reasonable doubt
Beyond (a) reasonable doubt is a legal standard of proof required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems. It is a higher standard of proof than the standard of balance of probabilities (US English: preponderance of t ...
only applies to elements of the offense, and does not extend to the defense of
justification, whereby states could legislate a burden on the defense to prove justification.
[''Criminal Law - Cases and Materials'', 7th ed. 2012, ]Wolters Kluwer Law & Business
Wolters Kluwer N.V. is a Dutch information services company. The company serves legal, business, tax, accounting, finance, audit, risk, compliance, and healthcare markets.
Wolters Kluwer in its current form was founded in 1987 with a merger bet ...
; John Kaplan, Robert Weisberg
Robert I. Weisberg is an American lawyer. He is the Edwin E. Huddleson Jr. Professor of Law at Stanford Law School. Weisberg is an authority on criminal law and criminal procedure, as well as a scholar in the law and literature movement.
Educa ...
, Guyora Binder
Guyora Binder (born 7 November 1956) is a legal scholar and writer.
Binder has been faculty at University at Buffalo Law School and Boston University School of Law, and has been published in the Boston University Law Review.
In 2012, he wrote ' ...
,
/ref> The decision was split 5–4.[ The decision does not preclude states from requiring such a burden on the prosecution in their laws.][
]
See also
* List of United States Supreme Court cases
This page serves as an index of lists of United States Supreme Court cases. The United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court of the United States.
By chief justice
Court historians and other legal scholars consider each chief j ...
* Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
The following is a list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court organized by volume of the ''United States Reports'' in which they appear. This is a list of volumes of ''U.S. Reports'', and the links point to the contents of each indiv ...
*
References
External links
*
1986 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
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