Martin Model 130 China Clipper

The Martin M-130 was a commercial flying boat designed and built in 1935 by the Glenn L. Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland, for Pan American Airways. Three were built: the ''China Clipper'', the '' Philippine Clipper'' and the ''Hawaii Clipper''. All three had crashed by 1945. A similar flying boat design called the Martin 156 and named ''Russian Clipper'', was built for the Soviet Union; it had a larger wing (giving it greater range) and twin vertical stabilizers.

Martin named them the Martin Ocean Transports, but to the public they were the "China Clippers", a name that became a generic term for Pan Am's large flying boats - including, retroactively, the smaller Sikorsky S-42 (first flown in 1931) and larger Boeing 314 (first flown in 1938).

All three were eventually lost; the first in 1938 disappeared on a flight over the Pacific, then in 1943 one flew into a California mountainside in poor weather, and finally in 1945 the last broke up on landing in Trinidad and Tobago. In their time, they blazed some of the longest airline routes of the time and also served as transports during World War II. One helped evacuate about 40 civilians prior to the Battle of Wake Island at the start of World War II.

Operational history

Designed to meet Pan American Airways President Juan Trippe's desire for a trans-Pacific aircraft,''Chasing the Sun'' at PBS.com
undated, URL retrieved on 20 August 2007 the was an all-metal flying boat with streamlined aerodynamics and engines powerful enough to meet Pan Am's specified range and payload. They were sold at US$417,000. The first flight was on December 30, 1934.
undated, URL retrieved on 20 August 2007. On November 22, 1935, the ''China Clipper'', piloted by Captain Edwin C. Musick and First Officer R.O.D. Sullivan, flew the first trans-Pacific airmail route.Flying Clippers
undated, URL retrieved 19 August 2007 A postage stamp, Scott Catalog C-20, was printed for use on the transpacific service. With extended service, two more denominations were later issued. All three have the same design, showing the M-130 in flight.

Weekly passenger flights across the Pacific Ocean began in October 1936 when ''Hawaii Clipper'' left San Francisco for Manila, stopping overnight at Honolulu, Midway Island, Wake Island and Guam. An S-42 began flying the Manila-Hong Kong route in 1937, and the Martins replaced it in 1938.

In July 1938, ''Hawaii Clipper'' disappeared between Guam and Manila with the loss of nine crew and six passengers. No cause was determined.Aviation Safety Network
10 October 2006, URL retrieved 19 August 2007

Their range and capacity made them valuable for trans-ocean military flights during World War II. Beginning in 1942, the two remaining planes were pressed into transport roles for the United States Navy. 

The ''Philippine Clipper'' was on a civilian flight when it encountered – and survived – the surprise Japanese attack on Wake Island in December 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor.Flying Clippers at War
undated, URL retrieved on 20 August 2007 It crashed in January 1943, between Ukiah and Boonville, California on a flight from Honolulu.
ComSubPac Admiral Robert H. English and 18 others were killed.Aviation Safety Network
undated, URL retrieved on 20 August 2007.

In January 1945, the ''China Clipper'' left Miami on Pan Am's first scheduled flight to what is now Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The route went via Brazil before crossing the South Atlantic Ocean, but the last surviving M-130 did not complete the flight. It broke up and sank during landing at Port of Spain, in the West Indies islands of the British colonies of Trinidad and Tobago on January 8, killing 23 of those on board.Accident Report
at Aviation Safety Network October 23, 2006, URL retrieved on August 20, 2007

Specifications (Martin M-130)

See also

References

Bibliography

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External links

at the University of Miami Library

"China Clipper is Giant of Pacific Air Fleet" ''Popular Mechanics'', January 1936

{{martin aircraft

M-130
1930s United States airliners
Flying boats
Four-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Pan Am
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Four-engined piston aircraft