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Martin Krause (29 June 1851, Wilknit,
East Prussia East Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's ...
– 2 March 1920,
Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...
) was a German mathematician, specializing in analysis.


Biography

Martin Krause, the son of a landowner, studied from 1870 to 1874 at the
University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg () was the university of Königsberg in Duchy of Prussia, which was a fief of Poland. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant Reformation, Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke A ...
, where he was taught by
Friedrich Julius Richelot Friedrich Julius Richelot (6 November 1808 – 31 March 1875) was a German mathematician, born in Königsberg. He was a student of Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi. He was promoted in 1831 at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Königsberg wi ...
and
Franz Ernst Neumann Franz Ernst Neumann (11 September 1798 – 23 May 1895) was a German mineralogist and physicist. He devised the first formulas to calculate inductance. He also formulated Neumann's law for molecular heat. In electromagnetism, he is credited for ...
, and also in Heidelberg and Berlin. In 1873 Krause received his doctorate from
Heidelberg University Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (; ), is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386 on instruction of Pope Urban VI, Heidelberg is Germany's oldest unive ...
. His doctoral thesis ''Zur Transformation der Modulargleichungen der elliptischen Functionen'' (On the transformation of the modular equations of the elliptic functions) was supervised by Leo Königsberger. In 1875 Krause habilitated at Heidelberg University with thesis ''Über die Discriminante der Modulargleichungen der elliptischen Functionen''. From 1876 to 1878 he was a ''
Privatdozent ''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifi ...
'' at the
University of Breslau A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...
. From 1878 to 1888 he was a professor ordinarius at the
University of Rostock The University of Rostock () is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Se ...
. In 1888 he became the successor to Axel Harnack as professor at
TU Dresden TU Dresden (for , abbreviated as TUD), also as the Dresden University of Technology, is a public research university in Dresden, Germany. It is the largest institute of higher education in the city of Dresden, the largest university in Saxony a ...
in 1888. He founded the Mathematical Association there in 1903 and was awarded in 1912 the right to award TU Dresden doctorates. From 1894 to 1896 and again from 1919 to 1920 he was rector there. His son was the law professor Herbert Kraus. Krause did research on
elliptic function In the mathematical field of complex analysis, elliptic functions are special kinds of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they come from elliptic integrals. Those integrals are ...
s. In 1909 he was president of the
German Mathematical Society The German Mathematical Society (, DMV) is the main professional society of German mathematicians and represents German mathematics within the European Mathematical Society (EMS) and the International Mathematical Union (IMU). It was founded in ...
. He was a member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences. Upon his death in 1920 he was buried in Dresden's Johannis cemetery.Technische Universität Dresden (ed.): ''Grabstätten von Professoren der alma mater dresdensis auf Friedhöfen in Dresden und Umgebung'' (Graves of professors of alma mater dresdensis in cemeteries in Dresden and Surroundings). 2nd edition. Lausitzer Druck- und Verlagshaus, 2003, p. 17.


Selected publications


Articles

*


Books


''Die Transformation der hyperelliptischen Funktionen erster Ordnung''
Teubner, Leipzig 1886.
''Theorie der doppeltperiodischen Funktionen einer veränderlichen Größe''
2 vols. Teubner, Leipzig 1895/1897.

Teubner, Leipzig 1912, with contribution by Emil Naetsch (1969–1946).


Further reading

* Günter Kern: ''Die Entwicklung des Faches Mathematik an der Universität Heidelberg 1835–1914''. 1992. pp. 86–89 & 153
digital
S. 36–38 u. 131)


See also

* Hardy–Krause variation


References


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krause, Martin 1851 births 1920 deaths Burials at Johannisfriedhof, Dresden Mathematicians from the Kingdom of Prussia 19th-century German mathematicians 20th-century German mathematicians University of Königsberg alumni Heidelberg University alumni Academic staff of TU Dresden Presidents of the German Mathematical Society