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Martin Haug (30 January 1827 – 3 June 1876) was a German orientalist.

Biography

Haug was born at Ostdorf (today a part of Balingen),

Württemberg Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart. Together with Baden and Province of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern, two other histo ...

. He became a pupil in the gymnasium at

Stuttgart Stuttgart (; ; Swabian German, Swabian: ; Alemannic German, Alemannic: ; Italian language, Italian: ; ) is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, largest city of the States of Germany, German state of ...

at a comparatively late age, and in 1848 he entered the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, where he studied oriental languages, especially

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...

. He afterwards attended lectures at the Georg-August University of Göttingen, and in 1854 settled as

Privatdozent ''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifi ...

at the

University of Bonn The University of Bonn, officially the Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (), is a public research university in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the () on 18 October 1818 by Frederick Willi ...

. In 1856 he moved to the

University of Heidelberg Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (; ), is a public university, public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386 on instruction of Pope Urban VI, Heidelberg is List ...

, where he assisted Bunsen in his literary undertakings. In 1859 he accepted an invitation to

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, where he became superintendent of Sanskrit studies and professor of Sanskrit in

Poona Pune ( ; , ISO 15919, ISO: ), previously spelled in English as Poona (List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1978), is a city in the state of Maharashtra in the Deccan Plateau, Deccan plateau in Western ...

. Here his acquaintance with the Zend language and literature afforded him excellent opportunities for extending his knowledge of this branch of literature. Having returned to Stuttgart in 1866, he was called to

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

as professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology in 1868. It was Dr. Haug who originally outlined the structure of the popular Sanskrit introductory books by Bhandarkar which was used throughout India in the early 20th century. Haug died in Bad Ragaz at the age of 49.

Works

The result of his researches in Poona was the volum
''Essays on the sacred language, writings and religion of the Parsees''
(Bombay, 1862), of which a new edition, by E. W. West, greatly enriched from the posthumous papers of the author, appeared in 1878. Haug published a number of other works of considerable importance to the student of the literatures of ancient

and

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

. They include: * ''Die Pehlewisprache und der Bundehesch'' (1854) * ''Die Schrift und Sprache der zweiten Keilschriftgattung'' (1855) * ''Die fünf Gathas'', edited, translated and expounded (1858–1860) * an edition, with translation and explanation, of the ''Aitareya Brahnsana'' of the

Rigveda The ''Rigveda'' or ''Rig Veda'' (, , from wikt:ऋच्, ऋच्, "praise" and wikt:वेद, वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian Miscellany, collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (''sūktas''). It is one of the four sacred canoni ...

(Bombay, 1863), which is accounted his best work in the province of ancient Indian literature * ''A Lecture on an original Speech of

Zoroaster Zarathushtra Spitama, more commonly known as Zoroaster or Zarathustra, was an Iranian peoples, Iranian religious reformer who challenged the tenets of the contemporary Ancient Iranian religion, becoming the spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism ...

'' (1865) * ''An old Zend-Pahlavi Glossery'' (1867) * ''Über den Charakter der Pehlewisprache'' (1869) * ''Das 18. Kapitel des Wendidad'' (1869) * ''Über das Ardai-Virafnameh'' (1870) * '' An old Pahlavi-Pazand Glossary'' (1870) * ''Vedische Rätselfragen und Rätselsprüche'' (1875)

References

* This work in turn cites: ** Adalbert Bezzenberger, ''Beiträge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen'', vol. i., pp. 70 seq, which has the particulars of Haug's life and work. {{DEFAULTSORT:Haug, Martin 1827 births 1876 deaths People from Balingen People from the Kingdom of Württemberg German Indologists German orientalists German male non-fiction writers University of Bonn alumni University of Tübingen alumni Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich