''Dactylorhiza'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the orchid

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''

Orchis ''Orchis'' is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Maghreb, Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang. The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις ''orchis'', meaning "testicl ...

'', which has two round tubers.

Description

They are

hardy Hardy may refer to: People * Hardy (surname) * Hardy (given name) * Hardy (singer), American singer-songwriter Places Antarctica * Mount Hardy, Enderby Land * Hardy Cove, Greenwich Island * Hardy Rocks, Biscoe Islands Australia * Hardy, ...

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure that plants use as storage organs for nutrients, derived from stems or roots. Tubers help plants perennate (survive winter or dry months), provide energy and nutrients, and are a means of asexual reproduc ...

ous

geophyte A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy (generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have ...

s. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions. The tuber is flattened and finger-like. The long

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long

stem Stem or STEM most commonly refers to: * Plant stem, a structural axis of a vascular plant * Stem group * Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics Stem or STEM can also refer to: Language and writing * Word stem, part of a word respon ...

which reaches a height of . Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem. The

inflorescence In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a mai ...

, compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact

raceme A raceme () or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are ...

with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are white and all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.

Taxonomy

Etymology

The name ''Dactylorhiza'' is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος ''daktylos'' 'finger' and ῥίζα ''rhiza'' 'root', referring to the palmately two- to five-lobed tubers of this genus.

Species

Many

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

in this genus

hybridise In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Generally, it means that each cell has genetic material from two dif ...

so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague (but see), with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as

pulverised fuel ash Coal combustion products (CCPs), also called coal combustion wastes (CCWs) or coal combustion residuals (CCRs), are byproducts of burning coal. They are categorized in four groups, each based on physical and chemical forms derived from coal combust ...

, where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them. 34 species are accepted. *''

Dactylorhiza aristata ''Dactylorhiza aristata'', the keyflower, is a species of orchid. It is native to Japan, Korea, northeastern China (Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi), the Russian Far East, and Alaska (including the Aleutians The Aleutian Islands ( ; ; , "l ...

'' – keyflower, eastern China to southern Alaska *''

Dactylorhiza armeniaca ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – Turkey and western Transcaucasia *''

Dactylorhiza bucovina ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – Romania *''

Dactylorhiza cantabrica ''Dactylorhiza cantabrica'' is a species of orchid. It is a tuberous geophyte A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy (generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow undergr ...

'' – northwestern Spain *''

Dactylorhiza cyrnea ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – Corsica *''

Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – Central Asia *''

Dactylorhiza elata ''Dactylorhiza elata'', the robust marsh orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to the western Mediterranean region (France (including Corsica), Sardinia, Spain, Portugal, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia). ''Dact ...

'' – stately Dactylorhiza, western Europe to northwestern Africa *''

Dactylorhiza elcitoi ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – eastern Italy *''

Dactylorhiza euxina ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (biology), family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two roun ...

'' – north-central and northeastern Turkey and the Caucasus *''

Dactylorhiza foliosa ''Dactylorhiza foliosa'', the Madeira orchid or leafy orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family (biology), family Orchidaceae, endemic to the Portugal, Portuguese Island of Madeira in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is a tuberous herb ...

'' – richly leaved Dactylorhiza, Madeira *''

Dactylorhiza francis-drucei ''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' is a species of terrestrial orchid native to Great Britain and Ireland. Three subspecies and varieties are accepted. *''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' var. ''ebudensis'' – North Uist *''Dactylorhiza francis-dr ...

'' – Great Britain and Ireland **''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' var. ''ebudensis'' **''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' subsp. ''francis-drucei'' ** ''Dactylorhiza francis-drucei'' subsp. ''traunsteinerioides'' *'' Dactylorhiza gervasiana'' – Southern Italy, Corsica, Sicily, and Algeria *'' Dactylorhiza graggeriana'' – western Himalayas *''

Dactylorhiza hatagirea ''Dactylorhiza hatagirea'' is a species of orchid generally found growing in the Himalayas, from Pakistan to SE Tibet, at altitudes of . It is locally called 'salam panja' or 'hatta haddi'. It is called 'panchaule' (पाँचऔंले) in ...

'' – Pakistan, Himalayas, Tibet, Xinjiang, Mongolia and northern and central China *'' Dactylorhiza iberica'' – Greece, Turkey, Levant, Caucasus, and Iran *''

Dactylorhiza incarnata ''Dactylorhiza incarnata'', the early marsh-orchid, is a perennial, temperate-climate species of orchid generally found growing in wet meadows, and generally on base-rich soils, up to about 2100m asl. The species occurs widely in Europe and Asia ...

'' – early marsh orchid, Europe to western and central Asia, Siberia, and Mongolia **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cilicica'' **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''coccinea'' ** ''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' – (Europe to Turkey) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''gemmana'' – (W. Europe) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' – (Europe to Mongolia). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''krylovii'' – (W. Europe to Siberia). **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' – (Europe) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' – (Europe) **''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''versicolor'' – (Europe) *'' Dactylorhiza insularis'' – island Dactylorhiza, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and Morocco *''

Dactylorhiza isculana ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – Austria *'' Dactylorhiza kafiriana'' – northeastern Afghanistan to western Himalayas *''

Dactylorhiza kulikalonica ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – Central Asia *''

Dactylorhiza maculata ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under '' Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Desc ...

'' – heath spotted orchid or moorland spotted orchid, northwestern Africa, Europe, Turkey, Siberia, Mongolia, and Xinjiang ** ''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' (synonym ''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' ) – common spotted orchid, Fuch's dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' – (Europe to Siberia) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maurusia'' – (Morocco) **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''sooana'' **''Dactylorhiza maculata'' nothosubsp. ''transiens'' *''

Dactylorhiza magna ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (biology), family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two roun ...

'' – Central Asia *''

Dactylorhiza majalis ''Dactylorhiza majalis'', or the broad-leaved marsh orchid, is a terrestrial Eurasian orchid. Subspecies include the western marsh orchid (''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'') and southern marsh orchid (''Dactylorhiza majalis'' sub ...

'' – broad-leaved marsh orchid western marsh orchid, fan orchid, or common marsh orchid, Europe ** ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''baltica'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''calcifugiens'' – (Denmark) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''cordigera'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''elatior'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' nothosubsp. ''godferyana'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''kalopissii'' ** ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'' (synonyms ''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' and ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' ) – (Europe to western Siberia) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''macedonica'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' – (Europe) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''nieschalkiorum'' **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' (synonym ''Dactylorhiza kerryensis'' ) – Irish marsh orchid (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''pindica'' ** ''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''praetermissa'' (synonym ''Dactylorhiza praetermissa'' ) – leopard marsh orchid, southern marsh orchid (W. & NW. Europe) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' – (

Samos Samos (, also ; , ) is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese archipelago, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the Mycale Strait. It is also a separate reg ...

) **''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''sphagnicola'' *'' Dactylorhiza phoenissa'' – Lebanon *''

Dactylorhiza purpurella ''Dactylorhiza purpurella'', the northern marsh orchid, is an orchid native to Great Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway. Two varieties are recognised: *''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. ''cambrensis'' (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bate ...

'' – northern marsh orchid, Great Britain and Ireland **''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. ''cambrensis'' **''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' var. ''purpurella'' *''

Dactylorhiza romana ''Dactylorhiza romana'', the Roman dactylorhiza, is a species of orchid. It is native to the Mediterranean Region of southern Europe and northern Africa, the range extending eastward to Iran and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked ...

'' – Roman Dactylorhiza, Mediterranean, Caucasus, and western Asia **''Dactylorhiza romana'' subsp. ''georgica'' **''Dactylorhiza romana'' subsp. ''guimaraesii'' **''Dactylorhiza romana'' subsp. ''romana'' – Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy). *''

Dactylorhiza russowii ''Dactylorhiza russowii'' is a species of ''Dactylorhiza''. It is native to the areas from East Germany to Central Russia Central Russia is, broadly, the various areas in European Russia. Historically, the area of Central Russia varied ...

'' – Germany to Finland and eastern European Russia to central Siberia *'' Dactylorhiza sajanensis'' – central Siberia *''

Dactylorhiza salina ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – Caucasus to Central Asia and Amur *''

Dactylorhiza sambucina ''Dactylorhiza sambucina'', the elder-flowered orchid, is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family Orchidaceae. It is quite common and widespread throughout much of Europe from Portugal east to Finland and Ukraine. The flowers appear in spring ...

'' – elder-flowered orchid, Europe (

Photos A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an ''image'' or ''picture'') is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. The process and prac ...

) *''

Dactylorhiza sibirica ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – central Siberia *''

Dactylorhiza stortonii ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' – eastern Italy *'' Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' – northern and northeastern Turkey, Caucasus, and Iran *'' Dactylorhiza viridis'' – Frog orchid, subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere **''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''virescens'' – (Temp. Asia, N. America) **''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''viridis'' – (subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere)

Hybrids

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

accepts the following inter-specific hybrids. Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = a hybrid variety. *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''abantiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''nieschalkiorum'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''altobracensis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Austria, France, and Italy *''Dactylorhiza × alutiiqorum'' (''D. aristata'' × ''D. viridis'') – Aleutian Islands *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'') – W. & C. Europe) **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – W. & C. Europe **''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''ishorica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''baltica'') – northwestern European Russia **''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'' nothovar. ''mulignensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – Germany and Switzerland **''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''predaensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – Austria and Switzerland **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''templinensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. majalis'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''baicalica '' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. salina'') – Buryatia *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''balabaniana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') – Lebanon and Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bayburtiana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. umbrosa'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''beckeriana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''boluiana'' (''D. nieschalkiorum'' × ''D. saccifera'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Spain to central Europe and Ukraine **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''braunii'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'') – Spain to central Europe and Ukraine **''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''lilacina'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'') – Czechoslovakia *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''conigera'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. viridis'') – France, Great Britain, and Iceland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''daunia'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''pindica'') – Greece and Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''delamainii'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. maculata'') – France *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''drucei'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. viridis'') – Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Great Britain, and Iceland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dubreuilhii'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. incarnata'') – France and Spain *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftiana'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'') – France to middle Europe and the Baltic states *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''erdingeri'' (''D. sambucina'' × ''D. viridis'') – Austria, Czechoslovakia, and France *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''flixensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'') – Switzerland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''fourkensis'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''pindica '' × ''D. sambucina'') – Greece *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gabretana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''grandis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Benelux, France, Great Britain, and Sweden *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guilhotii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. viridis'') – France and Great Britain *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guillaumeae'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. sambucina'') – France and Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gustavssonii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'') – Greece and Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' – Belgium, France, Great Britain, Netherlands (

Unplaced In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The ter ...

) *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''influenza'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. sambucina'') Austria, Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''katarana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''kalopissii'') – Greece *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'') – western and central Europe and East European Russia ** ''Dactylorhiza × kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''ampolai'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'') – Austria, France, Ireland, Italy, and Switzerland ** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''kerneriorum'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'') – Spain to Poland, Romania, and eastern European Russia ** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''lillsundica'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'') – Austria, France, and Sweden *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''latirella'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. purpurella'') – Germany, Great Britain, and Ireland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''lehmannii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. russowii'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''megapolitana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. russowii'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''metsowonensis'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''kalopissii'' × ''D. sambucina'' – Greece *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mixta'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. viridis'') – Austria, Italy, France, Great Britain, Ireland, and Norway *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ornonensis'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') – France *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''perez-chiscanoi'' (''D. elata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''lapponica'') – Spain *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rizeana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. urvilleana'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rombucina'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Italy *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ruppertii'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, and Switzerland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''salteri'' (''D. majalis'' subsp. ''praetermissa'' × ''D. purpurella'') – Great Britain *''Dactylorhiza × senayi'' ( (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') – Spain to Czechoslovakia and Sweden *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serbica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''saccifera'') – Italy and Yugoslavia *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sivasiana'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cilicica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') – Turkey *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''szaboiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''cordigera'') – Romania *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vallis-peenae'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. russowii'') – Germany *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' × ''D. purpurella'') – Great Britain and Ireland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''viridella'' (''D. purpurella'' × ''D. viridis'') – Great Britain and Ireland *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vitosana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' × ''D. sambucina'') – Bulgaria *''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vogtiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. incarnata'') – Turkey

Distribution and habitat

These

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

orchids grow in basic soils in

wet meadow A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are Solubility, saturated for part or all of the growing season which prevents the growth of trees and brush. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of ...

bog A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and musk ...

heath A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and is characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a coole ...

land and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are distributed throughout the

subarctic The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of hemiboreal regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Fennoscandia, Northwestern Russia, Siberia, and the Cair ...

and

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

northern hemisphere. It is found across much of

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

and

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

from

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

and

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

and

Kamchatka The Kamchatka Peninsula (, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and western coastlines, respectively. Immediately offshore along the Pacific ...

, including

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

, the

Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western Eur ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

, the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

, etc. Inclusion of the widespread frog orchid, often called ''

Coeloglossum viride ''Dactylorhiza viridis'', the frog orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae. It has also been treated as the only species ''Coeloglossum viride'' of the monotypic genus ''Coeloglossum''. Description The plant ari ...

'', into ''Dactylorhiza'' as per some recent classifications,Bateman, R.M. (2009). Evolutionary classification of European orchids: the crucial importance of maximising explicit evidence and minimising authoritarian speculation. Journal Europäischer Orchideen 41: 243-318.

s ''Dactylorhiza viridis'' S, or s, is the nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and other latin alphabets worldwide. Its name in English is ''ess'' (pronounced ), plural ''esses''. ...

/ref> expands the genus distribution to include

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

and much of the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ''Dactylorhiza''
/ref>

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * *

External links

* *
Flora of North America Genus page

Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis

Dactylorhiza picture database

Mayank Thakur and V. K. Dixit, ''Aphrodisiac Activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo in Male Albino Rats'', Oxford Journals, Medicine, Evidence-based Compl. and Alt. Medicine, Volume 4, Supplement 1, p. 29-31
{{Authority control Orchideae genera