''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s in the family

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savo ...

, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the

Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...

region of western China. A few species are also naturalized in North and South America.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> ;Species *''

Marrubium alyssoides ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Pomel – Algeria, Morocco *''

Marrubium alysson ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' L. – Mediterranean from Spain + Morocco to Palestine *'' Marrubium anisodon'' K.Koch – Greece, Albania, Crimea, southwest Asia from Turkey to Kashmir *'' Marrubium aschersonii'' Magnus – Tunisia *''

Marrubium astracanicum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Jacq. – Caucasus, Iran, Iraq, Turkey *''

Marrubium atlanticum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Batt. – Morocco *'' Marrubium ayardii'' Maire – Morocco * ''Marrubium'' × ''bastetanum'' Coincy – Spain ''(M. supinum × M. vulgare)'' *'' Marrubium bourgaei'' Boiss. – Turkey *''

Marrubium catariifolium ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Desr. – Caucasus, Turkey *'' Marrubium cephalanthum'' Boiss. & Noë – Turkey *''

Marrubium cordatum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Nábelek – Iran, Iraq, Turkey *'' Marrubium crassidens'' Boiss. – Iran, Iraq *'' Marrubium cuneatum'' Banks & Sol. – Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine *''

Marrubium cylleneum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Boiss. & Heldr. – Greece *'' Marrubium depauperatum'' Boiss. & Balansa – Turkey *''

Marrubium duabense ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Murata – Iran, Afghanistan *'' Marrubium echinatum'' Ball – Morocco *''

Marrubium eriocephalum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Seybold – Iraq *''

Marrubium fontianum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Maire – Rif in northern Morocco *''

Marrubium friwaldskyanum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Boiss. – Bulgaria *''

Marrubium glechomifolium ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Freyn & Conrath – Caucasus *''

Marrubium globosum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. – Turkey, Syria, Lebanon *''

Marrubium heterocladum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Emb. & Maire – Rif in northern Morocco *''

Marrubium heterodon ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' (Benth.) Boiss. & Balansa – Turkey *''

Marrubium hierapolitanum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Mouterde – Syria * ''Marrubium'' × ''humbertii'' Emb. & Maire – Morocco ''(M. ayardii × M. multibracteatum)'' *''

Marrubium incanum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Desr. – Italy (including Sicily + Sardinia), Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria *''

Marrubium leonuroides ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Desr. – Caucasus,

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a p ...

*''

Marrubium litardierei ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Marmey – Morocco *''

Marrubium lutescens ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Boiss. & Heldr. – Turkey *''

Marrubium multibracteatum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Humbert & Maire – Morocco * ''Marrubium'' × ''paniculatum'' Desr. – Austria, Czech Republic, Yugoslavia ''(M. peregrinum × M. vulgare)'' *''

Marrubium parviflorum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus *''

Marrubium peregrinum ''Marrubium peregrinum'' (horehound) is a species of herbaceous perennial plant, with height up to 60 cm, native to south-east Europe, the Balkans, and Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also ...

'' L. – central + Eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus *''

Marrubium persicum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' C.A.Mey – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus *''

Marrubium pestalozzae ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Boiss. – Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea *'' Marrubium plumosum'' C.A.Mey. – Caucasus *''

Marrubium procerum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturalized ...

'' Bunge – Iran *''

Marrubium propinquum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. – Iran, Caucasus *'' Marrubium rotundifolia'' Boiss. – Turkey *''

Marrubium sivasense ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Aytaç, Akgül & Ekici – Turkey *''

Marrubium supinum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' L. – Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia *''

Marrubium thessalum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Boiss. & Heldr. – Albania, Greece *'' Marrubium trachyticum'' Boiss. – Turkey *''

Marrubium vanense ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Hub.-Mor. – Turkey *''

Marrubium velutinum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Sm. – Greece *''

Marrubium vulcanicum ''Marrubium'' (horehound or hoarhound) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the Xinjiang region of western China. A few species are also naturaliz ...

'' Hub.-Mor. – Turkey *''

Marrubium vulgare ''Marrubium vulgare'' (white horehound or common horehound) is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern and central Asia. It is also widely naturalized in many places, including most of ...

'' L. – White horehound or common horehound – widespread from Denmark + Azores + Canary Islands east to Xingiang; naturalized in New Zealand, New Caledonia,

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only ...

Easter Island Easter Island ( rap, Rapa Nui; es, Isla de Pascua) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. The island is most famous for its nearl ...

, North + South America The genus name ''Marrubium'' derives from the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...

word ''marrubii'', meaning horehound. The French Talmudic exegete,

Rashi Shlomo Yitzchaki ( he, רבי שלמה יצחקי; la, Salomon Isaacides; french: Salomon de Troyes, 22 February 1040 – 13 July 1105), today generally known by the acronym Rashi (see below), was a medieval French rabbi and author of a compr ...

, thinks that this herb may have been used as one of the bitter herbs on the night of

Passover Passover, also called Pesach (; ), is a major Jewish holiday that celebrates the Biblical story of the Israelites escape from slavery in Egypt, which occurs on the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Nisan, the first month of Aviv, or spring. ...

.''Sefer Targum Ha-La'az'' (ed. Yisroel Gukovitzky), London 1992, p. 68 (entry no. 1000e) The common English name horehound is of unknown origin, but with the first part 'hore' derived from "hoary", "hairy". The species formerly classified as ''Marrubium nigrum'' (Black Horehound) is now placed in the genus ''

Ballota ''Ballota'' (horehound) is a genus of flowering evergreen perennial plants and subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae. native to temperate regions. The Mediterranean region has the highest diversity in the genus, with more isolated locations ...

''. ''Marrubium'' species are used as food plants by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Th ...

e of some Lepidoptera species including ''

Coleophora lineolea ''Coleophora lineolea'' is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in most of Europe. The wingspan is . Adults have yellowish ochre veins. They are on wing from late June to August. The larvae feed on Labiates including black horehou ...

''.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q159392 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Lamiaceae genera