Duke of Rutland is a title in the

Peerage of England The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. From that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were closed to new creations, and new peers were created in a single Peerag ...

, named after

Rutland Rutland is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Leicestershire to the north and west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-west. Oakham is the largest town and county town. Rutland has a ...

, a county in the

East Midlands The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England. It comprises the eastern half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. It consists of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire (except for North Lincolnshire and North East ...

of England. Earldoms named after Rutland have been created three times; the ninth earl of the third creation was made duke in 1703, in whose family's line the title continues. The heir apparent to the dukedom has the privilege of using the courtesy title of Marquess of Granby.

Earldom of Rutland

First creation

The title Earl of Rutland was created on 25 February 1390 for Edward of Norwich (1373–1415), son of

Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was the fifth son (fourth surviving) of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Like many medieval English princes, Edmund gained his nickname from his birthplace: ...

, and grandson of

King Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after t ...

. Upon the Duke's death in 1402 Edward became

Duke of York Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of List of English monarchs, English (later List of British monarchs, British) monarchs ...

. The title became extinct upon Edward of Norwich's death at the

Battle of Agincourt The Battle of Agincourt ( ; ) was an English victory in the Hundred Years' War. It took place on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day) near Azincourt, in northern France. The unexpected victory of the vastly outnumbered English troops agains ...

Second creation

The title Earl of Rutland was created for a second time on 29 January 1446 for

Edmund Edmund is a masculine given name in the English language. The name is derived from the Old English elements ''ēad'', meaning "prosperity" or "riches", and ''mund'', meaning "protector". Persons named Edmund include: People Kings and nobles *Ed ...

(1443–1460), second son of

Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. He was a member of the ruling House of Plantag ...

(and younger brother of the future

King Edward IV Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England ...

Third creation

Thomas Manners (c. 1488–1543), son of the 11th Baron de Ros, was created Earl of Rutland in the Peerage of England in 1525. He was the great-grandson of Richard Plantagenet. The barony of ' de Ros' (sometimes spelt Ros, Roos or de Roos) was created by Simon de Montfort with a

writ of summons A writ of summons is a formal document issued by the monarch that enables someone to sit in a Parliament under the United Kingdom's Westminster system. At the beginning of each new Parliament, each person who has established their right to attend ...

to the House of Lords for Robert de Ros (1223–1285) in 1264. The title may pass through the female line when there is no male heir, and accordingly, when the 3rd Earl, Edward Manners (c. 1548–1587), left no sons, the barony of Ros passed to the family of his daughter

Elizabeth Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Empress Elisabeth (disambiguation), lists various empresses named ''Elisabeth'' or ''Elizabeth'' * Princess Elizabeth ...

(died 1591) who became the wife of the 2nd Earl of Exeter. The 3rd Earl was succeeded as the 4th Earl by his brother John (died 1588). The barony of Ros was restored to the Manners family when Francis Manners, the 6th Earl (1578–1632), inherited it in 1618 from his cousin William Cecil (1590–1618). However, Francis died without male issue and the assumption of the courtesy title of Lord Ros for the eldest son of subsequent earls appears to have had no legal basis. On the death of the seventh Earl in 1641 the Earldom passed to his distant cousin John Manners of

Haddon Hall Haddon Hall is an English country house on the River Wye, Derbyshire, River Wye near Bakewell, Derbyshire, a former seat of the Duke of Rutland, Dukes of Rutland. It is the home of Lord Edward Manners (brother of David Manners, 11th Duke of Rut ...

, grandson of the second son of the first Earl.

Dukedom of Rutland

In 1703, the ninth Earl of Rutland was created Duke of Rutland and Marquess of Granby by Queen Anne.

Marquess of Granby

The most notable Marquess of Granby was John Manners (1721–1770), eldest son of the third Duke. He was an accomplished soldier and highly popular figure of his time; in 1745 he became a colonel; his military career flourished during the

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prus ...

. At the

Battle of Minden The Battle of Minden was a major engagement during the Seven Years' War, fought on 1 August 1759. An Anglo-German army under the overall command of Prussian Field Marshal Ferdinand of Brunswick defeated a French army commanded by Marshal of F ...

(1 August 1759), although his role was small, he commanded the reserve cavalry. In 1760, at the

Battle of Warburg The Battle of Warburg was fought on 31 July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The battle was a victory for the Hanoverians and the British against a slightly larger French army. The victory meant the Anglo-German allies had successfully defen ...

, he led a cavalry charge which routed the French, losing his hat and wig in the process. In recognition of this, soldiers of the

Blues and Royals The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons) (RHG/D) is a Cavalry regiments of the British Army, cavalry regiment of the British Army, part of the Household Cavalry. The Colonel (United Kingdom)#Colonel of the Regiment, Colonel of ...

(his former regiment) have the unique privilege in the British Army of being permitted to salute while not wearing headgear. Granby's losing his helmet and wig in the charge gave rise to the expression 'going bald-headed' at something. In 1758, the King made him Colonel of the

Royal Horse Guards The Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, also known as the Blues, or abbreviated as RHG, was one of the cavalry regiments of the British Army and part of the Household Cavalry. In 1969, it was amalgamated with the 1st The Royal Dragoons to form the ...

and in 1766, as Lieutenant-General, he became Commander-in-Chief (a basically political appointment). His title was honoured by being used by a large number of

pub A pub (short for public house) is in several countries a drinking establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term first appeared in England in the late 17th century, to differentiate private ho ...

s throughout Britain. As Colonel, he provided for his most capable soldiers such that when they could no longer be of service to the Regiment, he would give them financial support to start a pub, the sole condition being that the pub was to be named "The Marquis of Granby" after him. The towns of

Granby, Quebec Granby () is a town in the southwestern region of Quebec east of Montreal. According to the latest statistics from the 2021 Canadian census, 2021 Canadian Census, Granby has a population of 69,025. It is the administrative center of La Haute-Yam ...

in Canada and

Granby, Massachusetts Granby is a New England town, town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,110 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Springfield metropolitan area, Massachuset ...

and

Granby, Connecticut Granby is a town in northern Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region, Connecticut, Capitol Planning Region. The population was 10,903 at the 2020 United States cen ...

in the United States as well as Granby Street in

Norfolk, Virginia Norfolk ( ) is an independent city (United States), independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. It had a population of 238,005 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Virginia, third-most populous city ...

, USA were also named after him. So too were two forts, Fort Granby, in Tobago, and Fort Granby in South Carolina. He died before his father, and therefore did not become Duke.

Subsidiary titles

The subsidiary titles of the dukedom are: Marquess of Granby (created 1703), Earl of Rutland (1525), Baron Manners, of Haddon in the County of Derby (1679), and Baron Roos of Belvoir, of Belvoir in the County of Leicester (1896). The title ''Baron Roos of Belvoir'' is in the

Peerage of the United Kingdom The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great B ...

; the remaining titles being in the Peerage of England. The most senior subsidiary title, ''Marquess of Granby'', is the

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but is rather used by custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some context ...

used by the Duke's eldest son and heir.

Family seat

The Manners family own medieval

, Derbyshire and

Belvoir Castle Belvoir Castle ( ) is a faux historic castle and stately home in Leicestershire, England, situated west of the town of Grantham and northeast of Melton Mowbray. A castle was first built on the site immediately after the Norman Conquest of 10 ...

, Leicestershire that were successively extended and rebuilt until the 19th century. Some rooms in both buildings are open to the public. They are Grade I in architecture, set in listed parks, woodland and gardens and span a central water feature, which acted as models for other landscaped estates. In 2009, to mark 500 years of the occupancy of Belvoir Castle by the family, two aircraft from RAF Cranwell, Lincolnshire, bore the Duke's coat of arms. On 11 June 2009, the Duke visited the station to see the aircraft: a King Air from 45 (Reserve) Sqn and a

Dominie Dominie ( Wiktionary definition) is a Scots language and Scottish English term for a Scottish schoolmaster usually of the Church of Scotland and also a term used in the US for a minister or pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church. Origin It comes ...

from 55 (Reserve) Sdn.

Burials

The traditional burial place of the Manners family was

St Mary the Virgin's Church, Bottesford St Mary the Virgin's Church is in the village of Bottesford, Leicestershire, Bottesford, Leicestershire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Framland, the archdeaconry of Leicester and the diocese of Leicester. Its b ...

. Since elevation to the dukedom in 1703 most Dukes have been buried in the grounds of the mausoleum at Belvoir Castle. The mausoleum at Belvoir Castle was built by John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, following the death of his wife, Elizabeth Howard (1780–1825), daughter of the 5th Earl of Carlisle. After its construction, most of the 18th-century monuments in Belton Church were moved to the mausoleum which then became the family's main place of burial.

Literature

Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo ( ; ; 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator regarded as a key figure in Spanish literature, Spanish-language and international literatur ...

recalls the duke of Rutland in his story "A Survey of the Works of Herbet Quain" in the book ''

The Garden of Forking Paths "The Garden of Forking Paths" (original Spanish title: "El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan") is a 1941 short story by Argentina, Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges. It is the title story in the collection ''El jardín de senderos que ...

''.

Earls of Rutland, first creation (1390)

:''Other titles (1st Duke): Duke of York (1385), Duke of Aumale (1397–1399), Earl of Cambridge (1362–1461), Earl of Cork (c. 1396)'' *

Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York Edward, 2nd Duke of York, ( – 25 October 1415), known as the Earl of Rutland between 1390 and 1397 and again between 1399 and 1402 and as the Duke of Aumale between 1397 and 1399, was an English nobleman, military commander and magnate. He was ...

(1373–1415), grandson of

Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after t ...

Earls of Rutland, second creation (1446)

Edmund, Earl of Rutland Edmund, Earl of Rutland (17 May 1443 – 30 December 1460) was the fourth child and second surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. He was a younger brother of Edward IV, Edward, Earl of March, the future King ...

(1443–1460), second son of

Earls of Rutland, third creation (1525)

:''Other titles (1st–3rd & 6th Earls):

Baron de Ros Baron de Ros ( ) of Helmsley is the premier baron in the Peerage of England, created in 1288/89 for William de Ros, with precedence to 24 December 1264. (The spelling of the title and of the surname of the original holders has been rendered diff ...

of Helmsley (1299)'' *

Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland, 12th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, Order of the Garter, KG (c. 1497{{snd20 September 1543), of Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire (adjacent to the small county of Rutland), was created Earl of Rutland by King Henry ...

(c. 1492–1543), son of

George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Gior ...

Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, 13th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, Order of the Garter, KG (23 September 152617 September 1563) was an English nobleman. Early life Henry Manners was born 23 September 1526, the eldest son of Thomas Manners, 1 ...

(c. 1526–1563), eldest son of the 1st Earl *

Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland, 14th Baron de Ros of Helmsley, KG (12 July 1549 – 14 April 1587) was the son of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, whose titles he inherited in 1563. Life He was the eldest son of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl ...

(1549–1587), elder son of the 2nd Earl, died without male issue *

John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland (c. 1559 – 24 February 1588) was the son of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, and Lady Margaret Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland. Marriage and children He married Elizabeth Char ...

(c. 1552–1588), younger son of the 2nd Earl *

Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland (6 October 1576 – 26 June 1612) was the eldest surviving son of John Manners, 4th Earl of Rutland and his wife, Elizabeth ''née'' Charleton (d. 1595). He travelled across Europe, took part in military c ...

(1576–1612), eldest son of the 4th Earl, died without issue *

Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland, KG KB (1578–1632) was an English nobleman. Despite a brief imprisonment for his involvement in the Essex Rebellion of 1601, he became prominent at the court of James I. He lived at Belvoir Castle in Le ...

, Lord Ros (1578–1632), second son of the 4th Earl, died without male issue * George Manners, 7th Earl of Rutland (1580–1641), third son of the 4th Earl, died without issue *

John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland (10 June 160429 September 1679), was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 until 1641 when he inherited the title Earl of Rutland on the death of his second cousin George Manners, 7 ...

(1604–1679), great-grandson of the 1st Earl * John Manners, 9th Earl of Rutland (1638–1711), son of the 8th Earl, created Duke of Rutland in 1703

Dukes of Rutland (1703)

:''Other titles: Marquis of Granby (1703), Earl of Rutland (1525), Baron Manners of Haddon (1679) and Baron Roos of Belvoir (1896)'' *

John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland and 9th Earl of Rutland (29 May 163810 January 1711) was a British MP, and Whig politician. His divorce from his first wife caused much comment, partly because it was thought to have political implications. Li ...

(1638–1711), only son of the 8th Earl *

John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland Order of the Garter, KG (18 September 1676 – 22 February 1721), styled Lord Roos from 1679 to 1703 and Marquess of Granby from 1703 to 1711, was a British Whig politician who sat in the English House of Com ...

(1676–1721), son of the 1st Duke *

John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland KG PC (21 October 1696 – 29 May 1779) was an English nobleman, the eldest son of John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland and Catherine Russell. Styled Marquess of Granby from 1711, he succeeded to the title in 17 ...

(1696–1779), eldest son of the 2nd Duke **

John Manners, Marquess of Granby Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom), Lieutenant-General John Manners, Marquess of Granby (2 January 1721 – 18 October 1770) was a British Army officer and politician. The eldest son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland, as he did not outlive ...

(1721–1770), eldest son of the 3rd Duke, predeceased his father **John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760), eldest son of Lord Granby, died young *

Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland (15 March 175424 October 1787) was a British politician and nobleman, the eldest legitimate son of John Manners, Marquess of Granby. He was styled Lord Roos from 1760 until 1770, and Marquess of Granby from ...

(1754–1787), second son of Lord Granby * John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland (1778–1857), eldest son of the 4th Duke **George John Henry Manners, Marquis of Granby (1807), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy **George John Frederick Manners, Marquis of Granby (1813–1814), second son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy * Charles Cecil John Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland (1815–1888), third son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried * John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland (1818–1906), fourth son of the 5th Duke * Henry John Brinsley Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland (1852–1925), eldest son of the 7th Duke **Robert Charles John Manners, Lord Haddon (1885–1894), elder son of the 8th Duke, died young * John Henry Montagu Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland (1886–1940), younger son of the 8th Duke * Charles John Robert Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland (1919–1999), eldest son of the 9th Duke * David Charles Robert Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland (born 1959), eldest son of the 10th Duke The

heir apparent An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more e ...

is Charles John Montague Manners, Marquess of Granby (born 1999), elder son of the 11th Duke. * Coronet of a British Duke

(1696–1779)'' **''

(1721–1770)'' ***''John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760)'' *** Coronet of a British Duke

(1754–1787)'' **** Coronet of a British Duke

John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland (4 January 177820 January 1857), styled Lord Roos from 1778–79 and Marquess of Granby from 1779–87, was a British aristocrat and landowner. He succeeded to his father's titles at age 9 and consequentl ...

(1778–1857)'' *****''George Manners, Marquess of Granby (1807)'' *****''George Manners, Marquess of Granby (1813–1814)'' ***** Coronet of a British Duke

Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland Charles Cecil John Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland KG (16 May 1815 – 3 March 1888, in Belvoir Castle), styled Marquess of Granby before 1857, was an English Conservative politician. Background and education Manners was the third but eldest su ...

(1815–1888)'' ***** Coronet of a British Duke

John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland, (13 December 18184 August 1906), known as Lord John Manners before 1888, was a British statesman. Youth and poetry Rutland was born at Belvoir Castle, the younger son of John Manners, 5th Du ...

(1818–1906)'' ****** Coronet of a British Duke

Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland Henry John Brinsley Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland, (16 April 1852 – 8 May 1925), styled Marquess of Granby between 1888 and 1906, was a British peer and Conservative Party (UK), Conservative politician. Early life and education Rutland was b ...

(1852–1925)'' *******''Robert Manners, Lord Haddon (1885–1894)'' ******* Coronet of a British Duke

John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland Captain John Henry Montagu Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland (21 August 1886 – 22 April 1940), styled as Marquess of Granby from 1906 to 1925, was an English peer and medieval art expert. Early life and education Rutland was the younger son of He ...

(1886–1940)'' ******** Coronet of a British Duke

Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland Charles John Robert Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland, (28 May 1919 – 4 January 1999), styled Marquess of Granby until 1940, was a British peer and landowner. Biography He was the son of John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland, by his wife Kathleen ...

(1919–1999)'' ********* Coronet of a British Duke

David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland (b. 1959) **********(1) Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby (b. 1999) **********(2) Lord Hugo Manners (b. 2003) *********(3) Lord Edward Manners (b. 1965) **********(4) Alfred Manners (b. 2013) **********(5) Vesey Manners (b. 2013) ********''Lord John Manners (1922–2001)'' *********male issue in remainder **''

Lord George Manners-Sutton Lord George Manners-Sutton (né Manners; 8 March 1723 – 7 January 1783) was a British nobleman and politician who was a Member of Parliament. Biography Manners-Sutton was the third son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland. On 5 December 17 ...

(1723–1783)'' ***''John Manners-Sutton (1752–1826)'' ****''The Revd Frederick Manners Sutton (1784–1826)'' *****''The Revd William Manners-Sutton (1824–1899)'' ******''Frederick Manners-Sutton (1865–1946)'' *******''John Manners-Sutton (1914–2003)'' ********male issue in remainder *** ''

Thomas Manners-Sutton, 1st Baron Manners Thomas Manners-Sutton, 1st Baron Manners, (24 February 1756 – 31 May 1842) was a British lawyer and politician who served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1807 to 1827. Background and education Manners-Sutton was the sixth son of Lord Geo ...

(1756–1842)'' **** Barons Manners

Coat of arms

The original coat of arms of the Manners family had a chief of plain ''

gules In heraldry, gules () is the tincture with the colour red. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being azure (blue), sable (black), vert (green) and purpure (purple). Gules is portrayed in heraldic hatch ...

''. The quartered chief, with the

fleurs-de-lis The ''fleur-de-lis'', also spelled ''fleur-de-lys'' (plural ''fleurs-de-lis'' or ''fleurs-de-lys''), is a common heraldic charge in the ( stylized) shape of a lily (in French, and mean and respectively). Most notably, the ''fleur-de-lis ...

of France and lion passant guardant of England, was granted as an augmentation by

King Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is known for his six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disagreement w ...

to Thomas Manners at the time of his creation as Earl of Rutland, in recognition of his descent in the maternal line from

.''The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time'' by Sir Bernard Burke, 1884 edition, p. 656.

Family tree

References

Work cited

External links

Belvoir Castle website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rutland Borough of Melton British landowners Dukedoms in the Peerage of England 1525 establishments in England 1703 establishments in England Noble titles created in 1703