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Marquette Castle is an 18th-century
manor house A manor house was historically the main residence of the lord of the manor. The house formed the administrative centre of a manor in the European feudal system; within its great hall were usually held the lord's manorial courts, communal mea ...
in
Heemskerk Heemskerk ( ) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is located in the Kennemerland region. History The town was formed during the Middle Ages. In an official deed from the year of 1063, the town was ...
,
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
, occupying the site of the previous 13th-century Heemkskerk Castle, or .


Castle Characteristics


Heemskerk, the first castle

The first version of Marquette Castle was a round
water castle A water castle, sometimes water-castle, is a castle which incorporates a natural or artificial body of water into its defences.Forde-Johnston (1979), p. 163. It can be entirely surrounded by water-filled moats (moated castle) or natural waterbo ...
dating from the 13th century. The round water castle is known from many old pictures. These suggest at least one building along its wall. They also show its later use as a walled garden with a pond. In 1802 the last remains of the water castle were demolished. All that remained were the very wide moats. In 2021 the castle terrains were investigated with
ground-penetrating radar Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. It is a non-intrusive method of surveying the sub-surface to investigate underground utilities such as concrete, asphalt, metals, pipes, cables ...
and two other non-invasive techniques. These showed the water castle, as well as its gatehouse. The outer diameter of the water castle proved to have been about 40 m. This is larger than
Egmond Castle Egmond Castle (), also called the ''Ruins of Egmond'' (), is a ruined medieval castle built c. 1150, in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is located in Egmond aan den Hoef in the municipality of Bergen and lies about west of Alkmaar. The ...
's round water castle which measures slightly less than 30 m. Apart from the known round water castle, other parts of the first castle are unknown. It might have been that there was a predecessor on what later became the outer bailey of the round water castle. The water castle was probably deserted in the later fourteenth century, as its defensive capabilities had become obsolete. The buildings on the outer bailey were then changed, and enlarged to become the precursor of the current castle.


Marquette, the current castle

The current castle consists of two parallel wings, and a perpendicular small gate wing. The relation to the previous castle has not been investigated very well. Separate finds have not been analyzed, and not much has been published about it. The current castle has three vaulted basements. One of them shows a thick wall of thirteenth century brick. A chapel from about 1555 can be seen west of the bridge on the between 1741 and 1759 picture. Its entrance was later found in the second basement. During the renovation of the kitchen in 1980, a fireplace was found that might date from the fourteenth or fifteenth century. The castle is known to have become a manor in the first quarter of the sixteenth century. At that time Daniël de Hertaing Lord of
Marquette-en-Ostrevant Marquette-en-Ostrevant is a Communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department in northern France. Heraldry See also *Communes of the Nord department References

Communes of Nord (Fr ...
started to change the castle, and renamed it for his lost Lordship of Marquette. All that remains from this time is the high stair tower. In 1738-1741 Pieter Rendorp designed the stately eastern wing with its double roof,
avant-corps An ''avant-corps'' ( or , plural , , ), a French term literally meaning "fore-body", is a part of a building, such as a porch or pavilion, that juts out from the ''corps de logis'', often taller than other parts of the building.Curl, James Stev ...
and stone pilaster strips. The decoration of the gate also belongs to this time. The western wing dates from about 1780, when the castle got its largest extension. A northern section was built at about the same time. This, as well as some other parts where demolished again in the early nineteenth century. The terraces on the north side are the lowest part of the northern section. The interior has a corridor with a marble floor and stucco in
Louis XIV style The Louis XIV style or ''Louis Quatorze'' ( , ), also called French classicism, was the style of architecture and decorative arts intended to glorify King Louis XIV and his reign. It featured majesty, harmony and regularity. It became the official ...
. There is a summer dining room in
Louis XV style The Louis XV style or ''Louis Quinze'' (, ) is a style of architecture and decorative arts which appeared during the reign of Louis XV. From 1710 until about 1730, a period known as the Régence, it was largely an extension of the Louis XIV sty ...
, and a Chinese room with painted wall paper. In 1911 the early 18th century carpentry of the ballroom of nearby Assumburg Castle was placed at Marquette.


History


Van Heemskerk (c. 1250-1475)

Count
William II of Holland William II (February 1227 – 28 January 1256) was the Count of Holland and Zeeland from 1234 until his death. He was elected anti-king of Germany in 1248 and ruled as sole king from 1254 onwards. Early life William was the eldest son and heir ...
, who ruled from 1247 to 1256 ordered the construction of roads and castles in order to subdue the
West Frisians The West Frisians or, more precisely, the Westlauwers Frisians (, ), are those Frisian peoples in that part of Frisia administered by the Netherlands: the Province of Friesland, which is bounded in the west by the IJsselmeer and in the east by ...
. Heemskerk Castle, then known as was one of these. It led to an unusually high concentration of castles around Heemskerk. See
Oud Haerlem Castle Oud Haerlem Castle was a very strong castle in Holland. In 1351 it was demolished after a long siege. Location The location of Oud Haerlem castle is on the eastern fringe of what is now Heemskerk, just west of Amsterdam. It is 400 meter south ...
for details of this concentration and a map. The exact role of the count in the construction of Marquette is unknown. He might have build the round water castle, or a building on the outer bailey. In January 1300 Gerard II van Heemskerk transferred his allodial Heemskerk Castle to
John II, Count of Holland John II (1247 – 22 August 1304) was Count of Hainaut, Holland, and Zeeland. Life John II, born 1247, was the eldest son of John I of Hainaut and Adelaide of Holland.Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte d ...
, and had it granted back to him as a fief inheritable by sons, daughters and even sideways. Gerard's son Gerard III van Heemskerk (c. 1300–1358) was a leader of the Cod Alliance during the
Hook and Cod wars The Hook and Cod wars (; sometimes semi-anglicised as the wars of the Hoecks and the Cabbeljaws) comprise a series of wars and battles in the County of Holland between 1350 and 1490. Most of these wars were fought over who should hold the title ...
. He held Dirk III van Brederode prisoner at Marquette in 1354. In October 1358 Gerard's son Wouter van Heemskerk (c. 1330 - 1380) tried to assassinate Reinoud van Brederode,
bailiff A bailiff is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given. There are different kinds, and their offices and scope of duties vary. Another official sometimes referred to as a '' ...
of Kennemerland. Reinoud escaped, and regent Count
Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert Computers, Inc., a computer manufacturer in the 1980s * Albert Czech Republic, a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street mar ...
started a siege of Heemskerk Castle in November. In March 1359 the castle surrendered. Wouter and his wife were allowed to leave with some of their personal possessions. The castle itself was occupied by the count. After the siege Wouter's role in the assassination was investigated. He had to pay 7000 shield shields for reconciliation. In 1380 Wouter died without legal offspring.


Van Zevenbergen (1475-1560)

In 1475 Joost van Strijen lord of Zevenbergen (?-1476), inherited Heemskerk Castle from his grandmother Clementina van Heemskerk. In 1529 his sister Maria van Strijen van Zevenbergen transferred it to her son
Corneille of Berghes Corneille of Berghes or de Glymes-Berghes (1490?–1560?) was Prince-bishop of Liège between 1538 and 1544. Corneille of Berghes was the youngest son of Cornelis of Glymes, Admiral of the Netherlands and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen. First ...
(c.1500-1560). He became
Prince-Bishopric of Liège The Prince-Bishopric of Liège or Principality of Liège was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that was situated for the most part in present-day Belgium. It was an Imperial Estate, so the bishop of Liège, as ...
in 1538. In 1544 Corneille resigned and got married. He died without legal offspring.


Van Arenberg (1560-1610)

In 1560
Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (c. 1525 – 1568) was Baron of Barbançon, founder of the House of Arenberg and stadtholder of the Dutch provinces of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel from 1549 until his death. Life Jean was the son ...
(1525-1568) inherited Heemskerk Castle as nephew of Corneille. Jean was killed in the first year of the
Eighty Years' War The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt (; 1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish Empire, Spanish government. The Origins of the Eighty Years' War, causes of the w ...
. His family moved south when the county fell to the rebels. During the
Twelve Years' Truce The Twelve Years' Truce was a ceasefire during the Eighty Years' War between Habsburg Spain, Spain and the Dutch Republic, agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 and ended on 9 April 1621. While European powers like Kingdom of France, France began tre ...
many fugitives on both sides took the opportunity to sell estates that they had fled. This also applied to the Arenberg's.


Marquette (1610-1717)

In 1610 Daniël de Hertaing Lord of
Marquette-en-Ostrevant Marquette-en-Ostrevant is a Communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department in northern France. Heraldry See also *Communes of the Nord department References

Communes of Nord (Fr ...
(?-1625) bought Heemskerk Castle. In 1612 he got permission from the States of Holland to rename Heemskerk Castle to Marquette Castle. He was governor of Oostende during the famous
Siege of Ostend The siege of Ostend was a three-year siege of the city of Ostend during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War (1585), Anglo–Spanish War. A Spanish Empire, Spanish force under Archduke Albert (1559–1621), Archduke Albrecht besieg ...
(1601-1604). De Hertaing had three sons: Willem an infantry captain, Hendrik, and Colonel Maximilian. In 1655 they were succeeded by Petronella, baroness of Wassenaar and Duvenvoorde.


Rendorp (1717-1909)

In 1717 the Amsterdamse brewer and mayor Joachim Rendorp bought Marquette. He had a son Pieter Rendorp (1703–1760), married to Margaretha Calkoen. Pieter was an amateur architect, and changed Marquette to his own design. Their son
Joachim Rendorp Joachim Rendorp, Heerlijkheid, ''Vrijheer'' of Marquette (19 January 1728 in Amsterdam – 21 September 1792 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch people, Dutch politician of the Patriottentijd in the Dutch Republic. Personal life Rendorp was the son of Amst ...
(1728-1792) became an influential politician, and gave Marquette its greatest extent. The
French period In Northern European historiography, the term French period (, , ) refers to the period between 1794 and 1815 during which most of Northern Europe was controlled by Republican or Napoleonic France.Eduard Rothert''Rheinland-Westfalen im Wechsel d ...
greatly impoverished the Netherlands, and was followed by decades of stagnation. It was a disaster for many rich families, and led to the demolishment of many parts of Marquette Castle. Jacob van Rendorp van Marquette (1795-1879) was a volunteer in the 1813 struggle for independence, and was wounded in the 1815
Battle of Quatre Bras The Battle of Quatre Bras was fought on 16 June 1815, as a preliminary engagement to the decisive Battle of Waterloo that occurred two days later. The battle took place near the strategic crossroads of Quatre Bras and was contested between el ...
. He was mayor of Heemskerk and mayor of Castricum till 1867. He was married to A.C.M. van Deutz van Assendelft (?-1869).


Gevers (1855-1977)

In 1855 Jacob van Rendorp van Marquette's daughter Paulina van Rendorp van Marquette married Jan Hugo Gevers (1829-1891). Their son Hugo became mayor of Heemskerk in 1888, and lived at the castle with his wife Paulina Adriana van Lennep (1869-1947). After Hugo's death in 1921, Marquette was left uninhabited. After World War II Hugo's son Abraham Gevers (1901-1989) settled at Marquette with his wife Christine baroness de Vos van Steenwijk (1916).


Commercial use (1979)

In 1977 A.D.Th Gevers van Marquette sold the estate of 61.5 hectares to BV Onroerende Goederen Maatschappij de Omval. In 1980 Noord-Holland province bought the land of the estate, without the castle, for 2,750,000 guilders. Marquette Castle itself was renovated for 6,000,000 guilders, and taken into use as a conference- and party center in 1981. This enterprise failed, in part because it lacked a parking lot. It closed down on 31 December 1982. In 1984 the Swiss Sodereal Group, later Swiss Tradition Hotels, became the new owner. In 1985 Marquette was reopened with a hotel building at 650 m distance. This combination with a hotel was rather successful. In 1986 the ministers for foreign affairs of the EU conferred at the hotel. Nevertheless, in 1988 the management was transferred to Mercury Hotel Group. Mercury was succeeded by
NH Hotel Group NH Hotel Group is a Spanish hotel chain headquartered in Madrid, Spain that operates over 350 hotels in 35 countries. The group operates under the umbrella of Minor Hotels, following the latter's acquisition of a majority stake in NH Hotel Group ...
, which published the booklet Château Marquette about the history and current state of the castle and its interior. The current owner of Chateau Marquette is Erik Kuiper-van den Berg. In 2018 he financed the acquisition via crowdfunding.


Gallery

Daniel de Hertaing.jpg, Daniel d'Hertaing Joachim Rendorp (1728 - 1792).jpg, Joachim Rendorp


References

* * * * * * * *


Notes


External links


Site of the Hotel Chateau Marquette

Marquette at Historische Kring Heemskerk
{{Commons category, Kasteel Marquette Castles in North Holland Hook and Cod wars