Markus Reiner (; born 5 January 1886, died 25 April 1976) was an Israeli scientist and a major figure in rheology.

Biography

Reiner was born 5 January 1886 in Czernowitz, Bukovina, then part of

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

, and obtained the degrees of Ingenieur and Doctor of Technology in

Civil Engineering Civil engineering is a regulation and licensure in engineering, professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads ...

at the Technische Hochschule in

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

( Vienna University of Technology). During the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

he served as a lieutenant in the Engineering Corps of the Austrian Army. In 1922 he emigrated to

Mandatory Palestine Mandatory Palestine was a British Empire, British geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the Palestine (region), region of Palestine, and after 1922, under the terms of the League of Nations's Mandate for Palestine. After ...

, where he was the Chief Civil and Structural Engineer of Public Works in Jerusalem for 25 years under the British mandate. In 1947 he became a professor at the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology) in

Haifa Haifa ( ; , ; ) is the List of cities in Israel, third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area i ...

. In his honour the Technion later instituted the Markus Reiner Chair in Mechanics and Rheology.

Personal life

In 1923 married (1893 - 1948) and they had two children, Ephraim and Hana. After her death he married Dr. Rivka Schoenfeld and had two daughters, Dorit and Shlomit. His granddaughter is Prof. Tal Ilan.

Research

Reiner was not only a major figure in rheology, he along with Eugene C. Bingham coined the term and founded a society for its study. As well as the term rheology, and his publications, he is known for the Buckingham-Reiner Equation, the Reiner-Riwlin Equation, and Reiner-Rivlin fluids, the Deborah number and the Teapot effect – an explanation of why tea runs down the outside of the spout of a teapot instead of into the cup.

Awards

* 1958

Israel Prize The Israel Prize (; ''pras israél'') is an award bestowed by the State of Israel, and regarded as the state's highest cultural honor. History Prior to the Israel Prize, the most significant award in the arts was the Dizengoff Prize and in Israel ...

, in exact science. * 1966 Gold Medal of the British Society of Rheology

References

Primary source

* G. W. Scott-Blair (1976), ''Rheologica Acta'', volume 15 no 7/8, pages 365–266

*D. Abir (ed) (1975) ''Contributions to Mechanics: Markus Reiner Eightieth Anniversary Volume'': Oxford, Pergamon Press * G. W. Scott Blair & M. Reiner (1957) ''Agricultural Rheology'' (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London) *M. Reiner (1960) ''Deformation, strain and flow: an elementary introduction to rheology'': London, H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. *M. Reiner (1964) ''Physics Today'' volume 17 no 1 page 62 ''The Deborah Number'' *M. Reiner (1971) ''Advanced Rheology'': London, H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. *M. Reiner (1975) ''Selected Papers on Rheology'': Amsterdam, Elsevier REINER M (1958) Rheology. Handbuch der Physik, S Flügge (ed.), Vol VI, 434–550, Springer Verlag {{DEFAULTSORT:Reiner, Markus 1886 births 1976 deaths Rheologists Romanian Jews Romanian emigrants to Mandatory Palestine Jews from Mandatory Palestine Israeli civil engineers Fluid dynamicists TU Wien alumni Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Israel Prize in exact science recipients who were physicists Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Weizmann Prize recipients