Marino Filangieri (died 6 July 1251) was an

Italo-Norman The Italo-Normans (), or Siculo-Normans (''Siculo-Normanni'') when referring to Sicily and Southern Italy, are the Italian-born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to Southern Italy in the first half of the eleventh century. ...

nobleman who served as the

archbishop of Bari The Archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto () is Metropolitan Latin archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the administrative Bari province, Puglia (Apulia) region, southeastern Italy (the 'Heel'), created in 1986, when the historical diocese of Bitonto wa ...

in the

Kingdom of Sicily The Kingdom of Sicily (; ; ) was a state that existed in Sicily and the southern Italian peninsula, Italian Peninsula as well as, for a time, in Kingdom of Africa, Northern Africa, from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. It was ...

from 21 December 1226 until his death. Marino was a son of Giordano Filangieri, lord of Nocera in the Kingdom of Sicily. His elder brothers were

Richard Filangieri Richard (Riccardo) Filangieri (''c''.1195–1254/63) was an Italian nobleman who played an important part in the Sixth Crusade in 1228–9 and in the War of the Lombards from 1229–43, where he was in charge of the forces of Frederic ...

, Giordano the younger, Lothair, and Henry. His brothers were all high-ranking officials in Sicily under king of Sicily and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and in the crusader

Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Crusader Kingdom, was one of the Crusader states established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade. It lasted for almost two hundred years, from the accession of Godfrey of Bouillon in 1 ...

, which was governed by Frederick on behalf of his infant son

Conrad Conrad may refer to: People * Conrad (name) * Saint Conrad (disambiguation) Places United States * Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Iowa, a city * Conrad, Montana, a city * Conrad Glacier, Washington Elsewher ...

. Marino became a canon in the archdiocese of Salerno, then studied law at the

University of Bologna The University of Bologna (, abbreviated Unibo) is a Public university, public research university in Bologna, Italy. Teaching began around 1088, with the university becoming organised as guilds of students () by the late 12th century. It is the ...

, where he received the degree of ''magister''. In 1224 he published a gloss of the Apparatus of Ugolinus, a commentary on the Roman

Corpus Iuris Civilis The ''Corpus Juris'' (or ''Iuris'') ''Civilis'' ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, enacted from 529 to 534 by order of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. It is also sometimes referred ...

. He was appointed as archbishop of Bari by

Pope Honorius III Pope Honorius III (c. 1150 – 18 March 1227), born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death. A canon at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, he came to hold a number of importa ...

in 1226. The appointment of Marino and other bishops in the Kingdom of Sicily offended Frederick, who believed he had the right to appoint bishops in the kingdom and that Honorius' appointments were "arbitrary." Frederick II promised to go on crusade in 1227, but was forced to turn back to Italy when a plague spread through his fleet. In response, the new

Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX (; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decretales'' and instituting the Pa ...

excommunicated Frederick. Marino was one of Frederick’s ambassadors, along with archbishop Lando of Reggio, sent to negotiate with Gregory, but the pope refused to lift the excommunication. Frederick resumed his crusade the next year in 1228 and Marino joined him. After landing in

Acre The acre ( ) is a Unit of measurement, unit of land area used in the Imperial units, British imperial and the United States customary units#Area, United States customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), ch ...

, Frederick II sent him back to Italy to inform the pope of his safe arrival and the progress of the crusade. While Frederick was gone, Gregory invaded the emperor’s territory in Italy (the

War of the Keys The War of the Keys (1228–1230) was the first military conflict between Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Papacy. Fighting took place in Central Italy, central and southern Italy. The Papacy made strong gains at first, securing the Pap ...

). Marino was one of the ambassadors between the emperor and the pope who tried to re-establish peace between them when Frederick returned in 1229. Along with Lando of Reggio,

Thomas of Capua Thomas of Capua (, ), also called Tommaso di Eboli (before 1185 – August 1239), was an Italian prelate and diplomat. He served as the archbishop-elect of Naples from 1215 until 1216 and then as a cardinal until his death. He administered the d ...

Hermann of Salza Hermann von Salza (or Herman of Salza; – 20 March 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239. A skilled diplomat with ties to the Frederick II and the Pope, Hermann oversaw the expansion of the ...

, and other ambassadors, Marino helped negotiate the

Treaty of San Germano The Treaty of San Germano was signed on 23 July 1230 at San Germano, present-day Cassino, ending the War of the Keys that had begun in 1228. The parties were Pope Gregory IX and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II, king of Sicily and Ho ...

to end the war in 1230. Marino’s brothers Richard and Lothair represented Frederick as imperial ''baillis'' in Tyre, but they were expelled by the nobles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1242. Frederick imprisoned Richard and Lothair upon their return to Italy, and Marino helped negotiate their release along with

Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse Raymond VII (July 1197 – 27 September 1249) was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death. Family and marriages Raymond was born at the Château de Beaucaire, the son of Raymond VI of Toulouse a ...

. Afterward the brothers were allowed to live in exile in Toulouse. These events seem to have offended Marino and turned him against the emperor. He participated in the

First Council of Lyon The First Council of Lyon (Lyon I) was the thirteenth ecumenical council, as numbered by the Catholic Church, taking place in 1245. This was the first ecumenical council to be held outside Rome's Lateran Palace after the Great Schism of 1054. ...

in 1245, during which

Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV (; – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254. Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bolo ...

deposed Frederick as emperor and king. Frederick died in 1250 and Innocent IV sent Marino back to the Kingdom of Sicily to help stir up a rebellion against Frederick’s sons, who hoped to succeed him. However Marino died soon afterwards in 1251. He was succeeded as archbishop by his nephew

Enrico Filangieri Enrico Filangieri (died 10 October 1258) was an Italian nobleman and Dominican friar who served as the archbishop of Bari in the Kingdom of Sicily from May 1252 until his death. Enrico was a scion of the Filangieri family, the son of Guido, lord o ...

.Kamp, ''Kirche und Monarchie'', p. 592-593.

Notes

Sources

* * *Pybus, H.J. (1930). "The emperor Frederick II and the Sicilian church." ''The Cambridge Historical Journal'', vol. 3, no. 2. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Filangieri, Marino Italian untitled nobility Christians of the Sixth Crusade 13th-century Neapolitan people Court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 1251 deaths Archbishops of Bari Marino