Marie-Julien Dunand (23 January 18414 August 1915), also known in Chinese as Du Ang ( zh, c=杜昂, p=Dù Áng), was a French priest who was the

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

apostolic vicar Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...

of North-Western Szechwan from 1893 to 1915. He was a recipient of the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...

Biography

Early life

Dunand was born in

Saint-Jean-de-Belleville Saint-Jean-de-Belleville (; ) is a former commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Les Belleville.Albertville Albertville (; Franco-Provençal, Arpitan: ''Arbèrtvile'') is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Savoie Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region in Southeastern France. It is best k ...

for about 5 years. He joined the

Paris Foreign Missions Society The Society of Foreign Missions of Paris (, , MEP) is a Catholic Missionary order, missionary organization. It is not a religious institute, but an organization of secular clergy, secular priests and Laity, lay persons dedicated to missionary wo ...

in 1868, left for China in 1869 and arrived in 1870. In China, Dunand first worked as a missionary, but was soon nominated to direct the seminary at Muping, Baoxing,

Ya'an Ya'an ( zh, s=雅安, p=Yǎ'ān, w=Ya-an) is a prefecture-level city in the western part of Sichuan province, China, located just below the Tibetan Plateau. The city is home to Sichuan Agricultural University, the only Project 211, 211 Project ...

Apostolic vicar

In 1886, Annet-Théophile Pinchon, the Apostolic Vicar of North-western Sichuan, appointed Dunand to be the vicar general in charge of Chongqingzhou (), near Chengdu. After Pinchon's death in 1891, Dunand directed the mission for two years. In 1893, he was appointed the

Apostolic Vicar Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...

of North-western Szechwan and also became the

titular bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox an ...

Caloe Caloe was a town in the Roman province of Asia (Roman province), Asia. It is mentioned as Kaloe or Keloue in 3rd-century inscriptions; as Kalose in Hierocles (author of Synecdemus), Hierocles's ''Synecdemos'' (660); and as Kalloe, Kaloe, and Kolone ...

Anti-missionary riots

In 1895, an anti-missionary riot broke out in Chengdu, which destroyed the episcopal residence, the cathedral, and other oratories around Chengdu. Dunand was injured and fled. Different sources give conflicting accounts about Dunand's injury: the France-Asian Research Institute (IRFA) said Dunand almost died, but Wang Anming from Chengdu Folk Culture Research Association () asserted that Dunand was only slightly injured. Following the riot, Dunand directed Jacques-Victor-Marius Rouchouse to build the current Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. Additionally, he planned for the construction of Annunciation Seminary in Bailu,

Pengzhou Pengzhou (), formerly Peng County or Pengxian, is a county-level city of Sichuan Province, Southwest China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chengdu. There is an expressway that connects Pengzhou to Chengdu. It is bo ...

, a location farther from Chengdu, in response to the violent incident. The apostolic vicariate under Dunand saw local uprisings in 1896, in 1900 during the

Boxer Rebellion The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious F ...

, and in 1902, in which Dunand had to request the aid of a French

gunboat A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies. History Pre-steam ...

. In 1898, Dunand was named a (knight) of the

for his "eminent services rendered in the Far East and inestimable services rendered for the Lyonnese Mission in 1896" by

Félix Faure Félix François Faure (; 30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899. A native of Paris, he worked as a tanner in his younger years. Faure became a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Seine- ...

Death

Dunand died in Chengdu in 1915. The French and British

consuls A consul is an official representative of a government who resides in a foreign country to assist and protect citizens of the consul's country, and to promote and facilitate commercial and diplomatic relations between the two countries. A consu ...

as well as Chinese civil and military representatives attended his funeral. He was buried at Mopan Mountain () near Chengdu, where

Louis Gabriel Taurin Dufresse Louis Gabriel Taurin Dufresse, MEP (8 December 1750 – 14 September 1815) was a Catholic Church in France, French Catholic prelate who served as Roman Catholic Diocese of Chengdu, Vicar Apostolic of Se-Ciouen from 1801 to 1815. He was membe ...

was also buried. He was succeeded by Jacques-Victor-Marius Rouchouse as the apostolic vicar.

Legacy

Charity

According to the French-Asia Research Institute (IRFA), Dunand worked for the education of youth and the relief of the sick during his leadership. He opened an orphanage, a hospital and a hospice for the poor and entrusted them to the

Franciscan Sisters of Mary The Franciscan Sisters of Mary is a Roman Catholic religious congregation of religious sisters based in St. Louis, Missouri, noted for its operation of SSM Health Care, a group of some 20 hospitals throughout the Midwestern United States. It was f ...

. He also opened a school for boys, which was entrusted to the

Marist Brothers The Marist Brothers of the Schools, commonly known as simply the Marist Brothers, is an international community of Catholic Church, Catholic religious institute of Religious brother, brothers. In 1817, Marcellin Champagnat, a Marist priest from Fr ...

Architecture

File:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Chengdu.png, Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Chengdu, in 2013. File:领报修院06.jpg, Annunciation Seminary, Bailu, in 2017. Dunand initiated the construction of the

Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Chengdu The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, commonly referred to as Ping'anqiao Catholic Church, is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the Diocese of Chengdu, situated on Xihuamen Street, Qingyang District, in Sichuan's capital city of Chengdu. It h ...

and the

Annunciation Seminary, Bailu Annunciation Seminary,; Sichuanese Pinyin, Sichuanese romanization: ''Lin Pao Siu Üen''; . commonly referred to by the Latin name , is a former Catholic Church, Catholic seminary in Bailu, Pengzhou, Bailu, Pengzhou, Sichuan, southwestern Chin ...

. The cathedral and the attached episcopal residence were completed in 1904 and remains in operation. The seminary was completed in 1907, abandoned in 1949, collapsed in the

2008 Sichuan earthquake An earthquake occurred in the province of Sichuan, China at 14:28:01 China Standard Time on May 12, 2008. Measuring at 8.0 (7.9–8.3 ), the earthquake's epicenter was located boxing the compass, west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial ...

, and rebuilt in 2016. Both the cathedral and the seminary sites are

Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level A national priority protected site is the highest-level national protection for immovable cultural relics in China. The designation was first created under the 1961 Provisional Regulations on the Protection and Management of Cultural Relics, whic ...

of China.

References

Notes

Citations

External links

Dunand's record
from the France-Asia Research Institute {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunand, Marie-Julien 1841 births 1915 deaths 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in China Apostolic vicars of Sichuan Roman Catholic missionaries in Sichuan French Roman Catholic bishops in Asia Paris Foreign Missions Society bishops Roman Catholic Diocese of Chengdu