Marianske ( Ukrainian: Мар'янське) is a

village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban v ...

located in

Kryvyi Rih Raion Kryvyi Rih Raion () is a raion (district) of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast situated in central and southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Kryvyi Rih. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the n ...

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in simultaneously southern, eastern and central Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country. It was created on February 27, 1932. Dnipropetro ...

. It belongs to Zelenodolsk urban hromada, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine. It has a total population of 4183 people.

Geography

The townlet has an elevation of 24 meters. The village is located on the west bank of the

Kakhovka Reservoir The Kakhovka Reservoir () was a water reservoir on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It was created in 1956 by construction of the Kakhovka Dam at Nova Kakhovka. It was one of several reservoirs in the Dnieper reservoir cascade. The dam was breac ...

. Geographically, the village is located near the border with the

Beryslav Raion Beryslav Raion () is one of the five administrative raions (a ''district'') of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Beryslav. Its population was 55,976 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current ...

(

Kherson Oblast Kherson Oblast (, ; ), also known as Khersonshchyna (, ), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in southern Ukraine. It is located just north of Crimea. Its administrative center is Kherson, on the northern or right bank ...

). The H23 and T0403 highways pass through the village. A large bay separates two banks of the village, where the former Ternivka River used to cross. It is located in

2020 Raion Reforms

Until 18 July 2020, Marianske belonged to Apostolove Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Apostolove Raion was merged into Kryvyi Rih Raion.

History

Early 20th Century

Few documents have been preserved about the first revolutionary uprisings in the village. It is known that in November 1905, the peasants, gathered at the meeting, demanded that local authorities increase land plots, allow free fishing. These demands were not satisfied, and for an anti-government protest against the "existing order" a state fine was imposed on the peasants. After the February Revolution in Petrograd in 1917, the village community made demands to take land from landowners and wealthy peasants. A land committee was established in the east of the town. The committee's activities developed especially after the October Revolution. He was guided in his activities by the "Temporary Rules for the Regulation of Land Relations", approved on November 27–30, 1917 at the 1st Kherson Plenipotentiary Provincial Congress of Land Committees. Bolshevik-minded peasants demanded the division of land in accordance with Lenin's decree. On February 23, 1918, the

Kherson governorate Kherson Governorate, known until 1803 as Nikolayev Governorate, was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, with its capital in Kherson. It encompassed in area and had a population of 2,733,612 inhabitants. At t ...

peasant congress decided to transfer all power to the

Soviets The Soviet people () were the citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union. This demonym was presented in the ideology of the country as the "new historical unity of peoples of different nationalities" (). Nationality policy in the Soviet Union ...

, deciding to abolish county and volosny zemstvos. At the same time, the Council of Peasant Deputies was elected in Marianske, which included S. I. Kalchenko, V. I. Mikhno, A. V. Katran, M. S. Nedrenko, headed by G. I. Tkalich. At the end of March 1918, after the occupation of the village by German-Austrian troops, many village activists — V. N. Semka, I. E. Tishchenko, T. I. Kalchenko, P. I. Bezpaly and others joined partisan detachments. After the end of the Austro-German occupation, the village was occupied by the troops of

Symon Petliura Symon Vasyliovych Petliura (; – 25 May 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He was the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian People's Army (UNA) and led the Ukrainian People's Republic during the Ukrainian War of Independence, a pa ...

, but in early 1919 Marianske came under the control of the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

. Soviet authorities were restored in the village, which began to implement the agrarian laws of the Soviet government. The work on the distribution of land was started by the land commission, headed by 3. E. Tokar. On March 8, 1919, the Congress of Soviets of 13 volosts of Kherson area allocated an additional 7328 dessiatinas of land in Mykhailivska and Novovorontsovskaya volosts to Marianska volost. In May 1919, the village was captured by soldiers of ataman Grigoriev. In August 1919, the village was occupied by the troops of

Anton Denikin Anton Ivanovich Denikin (, ; – 7 August 1947) was a Russian military leader who served as the Supreme Ruler of Russia, acting supreme ruler of the Russian State and the commander-in-chief of the White movement–aligned armed forces of Sout ...

, who kept it under control until the beginning of 1920. After that, Soviet power was restored in the village. However, this period did not last long. In the autumn of 1920, Marianske and the surrounding settlements were the site of battles of the Red Army against the troops of Peter Wrangel. In October 1920, the front line passed near the village. On October 14, in the area of Marianske, Grushivka and the Tik station, the troops of the Southern Front under the command of

Mikhail Frunze Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (; ; 2 February 1885 – 31 October 1925) was a Soviet revolutionary, politician, army officer and military theory, military theorist. Born to a Bessarabian father and a Russian mother in Russian Turkestan, Frunze at ...

defeated three cavalry and two infantry divisions of Peter Wrangel. In the battles, units of the 2nd Cavalry Army, headed by Philip Mironov, especially distinguished themselves. The first to break into Marianske brigade commander Zhuravlev. During the continuous collectivization in Marianske, 7 agricultural artels were organized on the basis of the commune and societies for joint cultivation of land. Kolkhoz them. Zhdanova specialized in the production of livestock products. In 1938 it had 250 cattle, over 1300 sheep, and 200 pigs. In 2 years, the number of livestock on the collective farm doubled. In 1939, collective farmers received 3 rubles per workday. 20 kopecks. money and 3 kg of grain. Significant changes occurred in the appearance of Marianske. Instead of clay huts with thatched roofs, collective farmers built new houses covered with iron and tiles. Considerable merit in landscaping the village belonged to the village council, headed by G.O. Nazarenko. Much attention was paid to the protection of workers' health and public education. Children studied in 5 schools.

Holodomor

Local residents suffered severely from the

Holodomor The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Famine, was a mass famine in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–193 ...

of 1932–1933. More than 1000 local residents died from the actions of the communist authorities.

World War II

The population was severely damaged during the temporary occupation of the village by German troops - from August 17, 1941, to February 16, 1944. 600 villagers were forcibly deported to Germany. Several collective farm activists — S. Kudrenko, O. Zaskalko, A. Shemet, D. Suprun, V. Nestroinyi, V. Serdiuk and others — were shot. Some local residents went to the service of the police, for which they were then severely punished. In the spring of 1942, a specially sent parachute group shot the

Hero of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union () was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society. The title was awarded both ...

, Lieutenant of the Tank Forces, Makar Tkachev for his transition to the German police. At the end of September 1943, the Red Army approached the left bank of the

Dnieper The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...

. On February 11, 1944, the 179th regiment of the 59th Rifle Kramatorsk Order of Suvorov of the Division of the Third Ukrainian Front advanced in the direction of Marianske to cut the highway to

Novovorontsovka Novovorontsovka (; ) is a rural settlement in Beryslav Raion, Kherson Oblast, southern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Novovorontsovka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Novovorontsovka is located on the right bank of th ...

. More than 70 Soviet soldiers died in the battles for the liberation of Marianske, including: guards major V.I. Fokin, guards captain A.K. Kamenev, guards junior lieutenants M.I. Safronov, A. Bashkatov, sergeants A.D. Buzenko, N.P. Lukash, privates V.M. Kalyuzhny, T.M. Vorobyov and others. In the center of the village is their mass grave.

Modern Times

During 1954–1959, the construction of the

Kakhovka reservoir The Kakhovka Reservoir () was a water reservoir on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It was created in 1956 by construction of the Kakhovka Dam at Nova Kakhovka. It was one of several reservoirs in the Dnieper reservoir cascade. The dam was breac ...

, part of the Marianske bay was moved to a new location. Local residents received from the state the necessary funds for public and housing construction. About 1,000 houses were demolished and rebuilt according to standard projects. In 1965 and 1966, 39 new buildings were built in the village. 30 residential two-storey houses were built on collective farm funds. The concrete plant met the needs for building materials. A water supply system has been laid in the village, a filtration station with a capacity of 4.5 thousand tons has begun to operate. m³ of water per day. In February 1965, on the basis of the collective farm. Karl Marx State Farm of dairy and grain direction was established in the village. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the village became part of the new country of Ukraine.

Russo-Ukrainian War

At the beginning of the

Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

, Marianske was defended by a local territorial defense unit led by Zelenodolsk mayor Dmytro Neveselyi, which held a front line of checkpoints along the Zelenodolsk hromada's border with

. According to Neveselyi, Russian forces were able to reach the area of Marianske without encountering resistance. Russian forces apparently fired on a territorial defense checkpoint near Marianske, but did not storm the position. As of September 2022, Marianske experienced Russian shelling on a near-daily basis. During 2024, Marianske was still regularly shelled by Russian forces, due to its location on the banks of the

Population

According to the 1989 Ukrainian SSR census, the population of the village was 4428, of which 2026 were men and 2402 were women. According to the

2001 Ukrainian census The 2001 Ukrainian census is to date the only census of the population of independent Ukraine. It was conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 5 December 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census in 1989.

Language

The mother tongue of the population was collected in the 2001 census as:

References

{{Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Villages in Kryvyi Rih Raion