Maria Osipovna (Iosifovna) Knebel (; 1 June 1985)For dates before the Soviet state's switch from the

Julian calendar The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts ...

to the

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian cale ...

in February 1918, this article gives the date in the

New Style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various Europe, European countrie ...

(Gregorian) date-format first, followed by the same day in the

Old Style Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries betwe ...

(Julian) date-format (which appears in square brackets and slightly smaller); this is to facilitate comparison between primary and secondary sources. The difference between the two is 12 days for Julian dates prior to 1 March 1900 regorian 14 Marchand 13 days for Julian dates on or after 1 March 1900. Thus, Knebel was born on the 31 May according to the Gregorian calendar that is in use today, while her birthday was 19 May according to the Julian calendar that was in use at the time. For more information on the difference between the two systems, see the article

Old Style and New Style dates Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various Europe, European countrie ...

. Dates after 1 February 1918 are presented as normal. was a Soviet and Russian actress, theatre practitioner and acting theorist. Having trained with

Konstantin Stanislavski Konstantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski ( rus, Константин Сергеевич Станиславский, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ stənʲɪˈslafskʲɪj, links=yes; ; 7 August 1938) was a seminal Russian and Sovie ...

Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko (; – 25 April 1943) was a Soviet and Russian theatre director, writer, pedagogue Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how t ...

, and

Michael Chekhov Mikhail Aleksandrovich Chekhov (; 16 August 1891 – 30 September 1955), known as Michael Chekhov, was a Russian-American actor, Theatre director, director, author, and theatre practitioner. He was a nephew of the playwright Anton Chekhov an ...

, her work integrated the approaches and emphases of all three, with a particular focus on Stanislavski's technique of "active analysis" in the rehearsal of plays.Carnicke (2010, 99). She worked as a

character actor A character actor is an actor known for playing unusual, eccentric, or interesting character (arts), characters in supporting roles, rather than leading ones.28 April 2013, The New York Acting SchoolTen Best Character Actors of All Time Retrie ...

, a

theatre director A theatre director or stage director is a professional in the theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production such as a play, opera, dance, drama, musical theatre performance, etc. by unifying various endeavors a ...

, and a teacher. Her students included the actor

Oleg Yefremov Oleg Nikolayevich Yefremov (; 1 October 1927 – 24 May 2000) was a Soviet and Russian actor and Moscow Art Theatre producer. He was a People's Artist of the USSR (1976) and a Hero of Socialist Labour (1987). In 1949, he graduated from Moscow A ...

, the playwright Viktor Rozov, and the directors

Anatoly Vasiliev Anatoly Vasiliev may refer to: * Anatoly Vasiliev (theatre director) Anatoly Alexandrovitch Vasiliev (; born May 4, 1942, Penza Oblast) is a Russian theatre director. He is artistic director of the Moscow Theatre "School of Dramatic Arts", Thé� ...

, Leonid Heifetz, Alexander Burdonsky,

Beno Axionov Beno (Băno) Axionov (; ; ; ; born 2 April 1946) is a Russian-Moldovan actor, director, drama teacher, screenwriter. Meritorious Artist of Moldova (1991). Laureate of national and international theater festivals.10. Biography Early life and ed ...

, Joseph Raihelgauz,

Sergei Artsibashev Sergei Nikolayevich Artsibashev (), less Artsybashev (); September 14, 1951, Kalja, North Urals District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, USSR — July 12, 2015, Moscow, Russia) was a Russian theater director and actor. From 2002 until 2011 he was the artist ...

and Adolf Shapiro as well as director and theatre practitioner Sam Kogan. In 1958, she was named a

People's Artist of the RSFSR People's Artist of the RSFSR (, ''Narodnyj artist RSFSR'') was an honorary title granted to Soviet Union artists, including theatre and film directors, actors, choreographers, music performers, and orchestra conductors, who had outstanding achiev ...

. Her roles as an actor included Charlotta in

Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; ; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, widely considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his b ...

's ''

The Cherry Orchard ''The Cherry Orchard'' () is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov. Written in 1903, it was first published by '' Znaniye'' (Book Two, 1904), and came out as a separate edition later that year in Saint Petersburg, via A.F. Marks Pu ...

'', the madwoman in

Alexander Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky (; ) was a Russian playwright, generally considered the greatest representative of the Russian realistic period. The author of 47 original plays, Ostrovsky "almost single-handedly created a Russian national repe ...

's '' The Storm'', and Sniffles in

Maurice Maeterlinck Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count/Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in ...

's '' The Blue Bird'' at the

Moscow Art Theatre The Moscow Art Theatre (or MAT; , ''Moskovskiy Hudojestvenny Akademicheskiy Teatr'' (МHАТ) was a theatre company in Moscow. It was founded in by the seminal Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski, together with the playwright ...

. In 1968, she directed a production of Chekhov's ''The Cherry Orchard'' at the

Abbey Theatre The Abbey Theatre (), also known as the National Theatre of Ireland () is a theatre in Dublin, Ireland. First opening to the public on 27 December 1904, and moved from its original building after a fire in 1951, it has remained active to the p ...

Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...

. In 2021, an English translation of her research and practice of ''Active Analysis'' was published by Routledge with Anatoli Vassiliev (Editor), Irina Brown (Translator).

References

Sources

* Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. ''The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.'' Cambridge: Cambridge UP. . * Carnicke, Sharon Marie. 2010. "The Knebel Technique: Active Analysis in Practice." ''Actor Training.'' Ed. Alison Hodge. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. 99—116. . * Golub, Spencer. 1998. "Knebel, Mariya (Osipovna)." In Banham (1998, 603). * Knebel, Maria. 2016. "Active Analysis of the Play and the Role." In Thomas (2016). * Thomas, James. 2016. ''A Director's Guide to Stanislavsky's Active Analysis.'' London: Methuen. .

External links

* *
Maria Knebel
at th
Routledge Practitioners Pages
{{DEFAULTSORT:Knebel, Maria 1898 births 1985 deaths 20th-century Russian actresses Actresses from Moscow People from Moskovsky Uyezd Moscow Art Theatre People's Artists of the RSFSR Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the USSR State Prize Russian acting theorists Russian drama teachers Russian stage actresses Russian theatre directors Russian women theatre directors Soviet acting theorists Soviet drama teachers Soviet stage actresses Soviet theatre directors Burials at Vvedenskoye Cemetery Russian people of Austrian-Jewish descent Russian Jews Soviet Jews