Maria Vladimirovna Ender (1897,

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

- 1942,

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

) was a Russian

artist An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating the work of art. The most common usage (in both everyday speech and academic discourse) refers to a practitioner in the visual arts o ...

and researcher. Born in

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, Ender came from a family with

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

roots. She was sister to also artists

Ksenia Ender Ksenia Vladimirovna Ender (1895, Slutsk - 1955, Saint Petersburg, Leningrad) was a Russian avant-garde painter . Born into a family with Germans, German roots, Ender was sister of also artists Boris Ender, Maria Ender and Yuri Ender. She studied u ...

, Boris Ender, and Yuri Ender. She graduated from the Pedagogical Institute's Literature Studies Department in 1918 and studied

painting Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

drawing Drawing is a Visual arts, visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface, or a digital representation of such. Traditionally, the instruments used to make a drawing include pencils, crayons, and ink pens, some ...

, and

music Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of Musical form, form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise Musical expression, expressive content. Music is generally agreed to be a cultural universal that is present in all hum ...

under Mikhail Matyushin. Ender attended the Petrograd State Free Art Workshops (1918-1922), focusing on "spatial realism". She worked at the State Institute of Artistic Culture (1923-1926), leading research in color-form perception. Some of her works were exhibibited in the 1923 Painting Exhibition of Petrograd Artists of All Directions, in the 1924

Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale ( ; ) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy. There are two main components of the festival, known as the Art Biennale () and the Venice Biennale of Architecture, Architecture Biennale (), ...

, and in the 2017 Documenta 14. Ender was known for her independent research in color characteristics and consulted on the painting of public buildings in Leningrad. She contributed to the Soviet Pavilion's design at the World Expositions in Paris (1937) and New York (1939). Ender died in 1942 during the

siege of Leningrad The siege of Leningrad was a Siege, military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) in the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front of World War II from 1941 t ...

and was buried in a

mass grave A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may Unidentified decedent, not be identified prior to burial. The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of exec ...

. Works by Maria Ender are preserved in the Costakis collection in the MOMus–Museum of Modern Art in Thessaloniki.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ender, Maria Painters from Saint Petersburg Russian avant-garde Soviet painters Victims of the Siege of Leningrad 1897 births 1942 deaths 20th-century Russian women painters