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The Marcos family ( , , ) is a
political family A political family (also referred to as political dynasty) is a family in which multiple members are involved in politics — particularly Election, electoral politics. Members may be related by consanguinity, blood or marriage; often several gene ...
in the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
. They have established themselves in the country's politics, having established a political dynasty that traces its beginnings to the 1925 election of
Mariano Marcos Mariano Marcos y Rubio (; April 21, 1897 – March 8, 1945) was a lawyer, educator, and politician from Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. A Congressman from 1925 to 1931, he is best known for being the father of Ferdinand Marcos, who was the p ...
to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second district of
Ilocos Norte Ilocos Norte (), officially the Province of Ilocos Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. It is located in the northwest corner of Luzon island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to t ...
; reached its peak during the 21-year rule of
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator, and Kleptocracy, kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled the c ...
as
president of the Philippines The president of the Philippines (, sometimes referred to as ) is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-ch ...
that included his 14-year
dictatorship A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no Limited government, limitations. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by a dictator, ...
beginning with the declaration of
Martial Law Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers. Martial law can continue for a specified amount of time, or indefinitely, and standard civil liberties ...
throughout the country; continues today with the political careers of
Imelda Marcos Imelda Romualdez Marcos (; born Imelda Remedios Visitación Trinidad Romuáldez; July 2, 1929) is a Filipino politician who was First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, wielding significant political power after her husband Ferdinand ...
,
Imee Marcos Maria Imelda Josefa Remedios "Imee" Romualdez Marcos-Manotoc (; born November 12, 1955) is a Filipino politician and film producer serving as a Senate of the Philippines, senator since 2019. She previously served as governor of Ilocos Norte ...
, and
Sandro Marcos Ferdinand Alexander "Sandro" Araneta Marcos III ( , , ; born March 7, 1994) is a Filipino politician who is the representative of Ilocos Norte's 1st congressional district since 2022, and the eldest of three sons of Philippine President Bon ...
; and reached a fresh political apex with the
presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified b ...
of
Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (, , ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials BBM or PBBM, is a Filipino politician who has served as the 17th president of the Philippines since 2022. He is the second child ...
. Imee Marcos has attributed the continued reign of the Marcos family to the inherent feudalism of Philippine culture. Although nominally democratic, Philippine society effectively blocks individual Philippine citizens from having much political power, forcing them to be dependent on powerful figures that social scientists have called "bosses" or "
caciques A cacique, sometimes spelled as cazique (; ; feminine form: ), was a tribal chieftain of the Taíno people, who were the Indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles at the time of European cont ...
".Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, Benedict Anderson,
Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams
, ''New Left Review'', I (169), May–June 1988
Sandro Marcos, the most politically prominent of the fourth generation of Marcoses, has argued that political dynasties are simply a "natural progression" for members of powerful families. Although Article II Section 26 of the current Philippine constitution, promulgated after the Marcoses were ousted from the Philippines in 1986, explicitly prohibits the perpetuation of political dynasties, little legislation has since been put in place to enforce the provision. The prominence of the Marcos family in Philippine politics has been stopped twice. The first came with the victory of Julio Nalundasan over Mariano Marcos and the subsequent arrest of Ferdinand Marcos for his murder, the publicity for which brought Ferdinand Marcos to the national consciousness and eventually led to his rise to power. The second was when the Marcos dictatorship was deposed by the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution and the family was exiled to
Hawaii Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two Non-contiguous United States, non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only sta ...
. After Ferdinand Marcos's 1989 death, the remaining members of the family were allowed to return to the Philippines to face various corruption charges in 1992. However, they were able to return to political power that same year, to the dismay of many Filipino people, with the election of Bongbong Marcos as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte. At least one other branch of the family, that of Ferdinand Sr.'s sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon, is also in politics, with her son
Michael Marcos Keon Michael Edward Marcos Keon (born September 22, 1954) is a Filipino politician. Keon is the son of Australian journalist Michael James Keon and Elizabeth E. Marcos-Keon, governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971 to 1983 and the nephew of former Phili ...
having been elected board member in 2004 and governor of Ilocos Norte in 2007.
Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (, , ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials BBM or PBBM, is a Filipino politician who has served as the 17th president of the Philippines since 2022. He is the second child ...
ran and won in the 2010 Philippine Senate election, placing 7th place. The win was the first time a Marcos won a national position since the family's exile in 1986. 6 years later, Marcos Jr ran for the Vice Presidency of the Philippines, placing second place, losing by a slim margin to
Camarines Sur Camarines Sur (; ), officially the Province of Camarines Sur (Central Bikol language, Bikol: ''Probinsya kan Habagatan na Camarines''; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region on Luzon. Its ca ...
representative
Leni Robredo Maria Leonor "Leni" Gerona Robredo (; Gerona; born April 23, 1965) is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 14th vice president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. She is the mayor-elect of Naga, Camarines Sur, having won the ...
. Marcos filed a protest with the Presidential Electoral Tribunal. The protest and recount took 5 years, until in 2021 the Supreme Court junked the electoral protest for lack of evidence. During the 2019 Philippine Senate election, Imee Marcos the eldest daughter of
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator, and Kleptocracy, kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled the c ...
, also the governor of Ilocos Norte, ran for the
Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The ...
and won, placing 8th. After 6 years,
Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (, , ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials BBM or PBBM, is a Filipino politician who has served as the 17th president of the Philippines since 2022. He is the second child ...
announced his candidacy for President of the Philippines, promising unity and recovery, despite intense opposition due to his family's history. Despite his father's reputation, Bongbong Marcos won the
2022 Philippine presidential election Presidential elections in the Philippines were held on May 9, 2022, as part of the 2022 Philippine general election, 2022 general election. This was the 17th direct presidential election and 15th vice presidential election in the country since 19 ...
and was sworn in on June 30, 2022, 36 years after his family was exiled by the
People Power Revolution The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, were a series of popular Demonstration (people), demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a ...
.


History


Beginnings of the Marcos dynasty (1925–1945)


The Second Congressional District of Ilocos Norte

The Marcos political dynasty is generally acknowledged to have been founded when Mariano Marcos y Rubio (1897–1945) was elected to the
Philippine House of Representatives The House of Representatives (; '','' thus commonly referred to as ''Kamara'') is the lower house of Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the Senate of the Philippines as the upper house. The lower house is commonly refe ...
as congressman for the second district of
Ilocos Norte Ilocos Norte (), officially the Province of Ilocos Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. It is located in the northwest corner of Luzon island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to t ...
in 1925, although his father Fabian Marcos also served in local politics, as gobernadorcillo (the equivalent of today's mayor) of Batac in the days after the Philippine Revolution. Mariano Marcos became a prominent member of the house, serving as chair of the house committee on ways and means and member of the committees on public instruction, public works, public estate, and mines and natural resources. In the election of 1932, however, he ran against Emilio Medina of Laoag and Julio Nalundasan of Batac. With the Batac vote split between him and Nalundasan, Medina won the house seat.


The murder of Julio Nalundasan

Mariano Marcos fought a highly contested election against Nalundasan for the same seat in 1935, and Nalundasan won by a landslide. A day after his proclamation, Nalundasan mocked Marcos publicly, organizing a mock funeral parade that ended in front of the Marcos house to show that Mariano's political career was "dead". On that same night, Nalundasan was shot dead by a sniper when he stepped out onto his back porch to brush his teeth. Mariano Marcos, his brother Pio, his son Ferdinand, and his brother-in-law Quirino Lizardo all became suspects. Mariano and Pio were cleared of the crime, but Ferdinand Marcos and Quirino Lizardo were arrested. Aware of the publicity he could get out of the national coverage of the trial, Ferdinand represented himself before the court, with the lawyers hired by the family for the trial guiding him in his legal arguments. Ferdinand initially lost the case and he and Lizardo were convicted. Public interest in the case, however, led to the
Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court (; colloquially referred to as the ' (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission on June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished th ...
eventually overthrowing the conviction, with Associate Justice
José P. Laurel José Paciano Laurel y García (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and judge, who served as the President of the Second Philippine Republic from 1943 to 1945, which was a Japanese ally during World War II. ...
arguing that it would have been a waste for someone with Ferdinand's legal talents to merely rot in a prison cell. The trial, and the overturning of the conviction turned Ferdinand Marcos into the "most famous young man in the islands", with then-President
Manuel L. Quezon Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (, , , ; 19 August 1878 – 1 August 1944), also known by his initials MLQ, was a Filipino people, Filipino lawyer, statesman, soldier, and politician who was president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1 ...
arranging to meet the boy and suggesting that he use the newfound popularity to enter Philippine politics. Before that could happen, however, the Marcoses were overtaken by the events of World War II.


The execution of Mariano Marcos

Mariano Marcos was executed in the closing days of the war, on March 8, 1945. The Marcos family's account claims that he was executed by the Japanese, but other eyewitness accounts say that he was caught by Philippine guerillas, tried as a Japanese collaborator, and executed through dismemberment using two carabaos.


Ferdinand Marcos and the rise of the Marcos dynasty (1949–1986)


The rise of Ferdinand Marcos

Because the Nalundasan murder trial resulting drew wide public attention in the years immediately prior to the war, Mariano's son
Ferdinand Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "courage" or "ready, prepared" related to Old High German "to risk, ventu ...
was in an ideal political position to enter politics in the postwar years. Ferdinand Marcos's rise to power was dramatic. He served three terms in Mariano's own former position as the Philippine House of Representatives as the Congressman for the second district of
Ilocos Norte Ilocos Norte (), officially the Province of Ilocos Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. It is located in the northwest corner of Luzon island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to t ...
, from 1949 to 1959. Between 1959 and 1965, he served in the Philippine Senate, where he became Senate President until he won the Philippine Presidential Election of 1965 to become the tenth
president of the Philippines The president of the Philippines (, sometimes referred to as ) is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-ch ...
, staying in the position for 21 years despite the eight year (two four year terms) limitation set by the
1935 Constitution of the Philippines The Constitution of the Philippines ( Filipino: ''Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas'' or ''Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas'') is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and rat ...
by placing the country under
Martial Law Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers. Martial law can continue for a specified amount of time, or indefinitely, and standard civil liberties ...
in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos's political prominence would pave the way for other members of the Marcos family to be appointed or elected to various national elections - what would eventually become known as the Marcos dynasty.


Dovie Beams and the expansion of the Conjugal Dictatorship

Some time in 1968, Ferdinand Marcos began an affair with Nashville actress Dovie Beams. When Marcos got tired of the dalliance in early 1970 and broke up with Beams, the actress released sex tapes of herself and President Marcos. Author Seagrave recounts that: ''Student protesters at the University of the Philippines commandeered the campus radio station and broadcast a looped tape; soon the entire nation was listening in astonishment to President Marcos begging Dovie Beams to perform oral sex. For over a week the President's hoarse injunctions boomed out over university loudspeakers.''Seagrave, The Marcos Dynasty, 1988. Historians note that Ferdinand Marcos's president's wife
Imelda Marcos Imelda Romualdez Marcos (; born Imelda Remedios Visitación Trinidad Romuáldez; July 2, 1929) is a Filipino politician who was First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, wielding significant political power after her husband Ferdinand ...
reacted to the humiliation by aggressively pursuing government positions. This was later confirmed by Economic Planning Minister Gerardo Sicat in his biography of Prime Minister
Cesar Virata Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata (born December 12, 1930) is a Filipino former statesman and businessman who was the fourth Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986. He is currently serving as the corporate vice chairman of the Ri ...
, where he recounted that the creation of the Metro Manila Commission and the appointment of Imelda Marcos as its head in the position of governor of Metro Manila was a direct result of Marcos attempting to placate his wife's tantrums after the Dovie Beams affair. Imelda Marcos held the position until the Marcos family was deposed in 1986, and would later be concurrently appointed to the Marcos cabinet as Minister of Human Settlements from 1978 to 1986. In addition, she was elected as Assemblyman for Region IV-A to the Batasan Pambansa from 1978 to 1984.


The other Marcoses

Ferdinand's sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon became governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971 to 1983. The Marcos couple's firstborn, Imee Marcos, was appointed chair of the Kabataang Barangay from 1975 to 1986, and was assemblyman to the Batasang Pambansa for Ilocos Norte from 1984 to 1986. Secondborn
Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (, , ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials BBM or PBBM, is a Filipino politician who has served as the 17th president of the Philippines since 2022. He is the second child ...
become vice governor of Ilocos Norte from 1980 to 1983 and governor of that same province from 1983 to 1986. Ferdinand Marcos was known for favoring family members with business concessions. He gave relatives government-related jobs, often putting them in charge of agencies or government-owned corporations with cash incomes. Fortuna Marcos Barba and her husband Marcelino Barba are said to have made a fortune from government logging concessions given to her by Ferdinand Marcos. Fortuna owned four undeveloped lots in the fashionable April Sound subdivision on Lake Conroe in the United States. The lots were suspected of being purchased with money stolen from the Philippine treasury. Fortuna Barba was the last surviving sister of Ferdinand Marcos until her death in March 2018. Only his brother Pacifico Marcos remains alive. He was placed in charge of Medicare, which collects compulsory insurance contributions from Philippine workers. By 1979, he also controlled at least 14 private corporations involved in mining, coconut refining, and management consulting.


The People Power Revolution, and the exile of the Marcoses (1986–1991)

As a result of the economic collapse brought about by the
assassination of Ninoy Aquino Ninoy Aquino, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., a former Senate of the Philippines, Philippine senator, was assassinated on Sunday, August 21, 1983, on the airport apron, apron of Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila International Airport (no ...
in 1983, the Marcos family was removed from power by civilian protests during the
1986 People Power Revolution The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution or the February Revolution, were a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in Metro Manila, from February 22 to 25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of ...
. Fearful of a scenario in which Marcos's presence in the Philippines would lead to a civil war, the Reagan administration withdrew its support for the Marcos government, and flew Marcos and a party of about 80 individuals—the extended Marcos family and a number of close associates—from the Philippines to Hawaii. All the Marcos children—Imee, Marcos Jr., Irene, and young Aimee—were on the flight. The exiles stayed at
Hickam Air Force Base Hickam Air Force Base is a United States Air Force (USAF) United States Air Force installation, installation, named in honor of aviation pioneer Lieutenant Colonel (United States), Lieutenant Colonel Horace Meek Hickam. The installation merged ...
at the expense of the US Government. A month later, the Marcoses moved into a pair of residences in Makiki Heights,
Honolulu Honolulu ( ; ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is the county seat of the Consolidated city-county, consolidated City and County of Honol ...
, which were registered to Marcos cronies Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. President
Corazon Aquino María Corazón "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino (; January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipino politician who served as the 11th president of the Philippines and the first woman president in the country, from Presidency of Corazon ...
eventually allowed the members of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the death of Ferdinand Marcos, supposedly so that they could face various corruption charges.


Return of the Marcoses (1991–present)


Political offices after returning to the Philippines

Within a year of returning to the Philippines, Imelda Marcos was running for president in the
1992 Philippine presidential election The 1992 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on May 11, 1992. This was the first general election held under the 1987 Constitution and after the EDSA People Power Revolution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 1 ...
, finishing 5th out of 7 candidates. In that same year Marcos Jr. ran in a much smaller local election rather than a national race, easily regaining the family's traditional post of Congressman for the Second District of Ilocos Norte. Since then, Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Imee Marcos have run for numerous posts, alternatingly winning posts including the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the governorship of Ilocos Norte.
Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (, , ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials BBM or PBBM, is a Filipino politician who has served as the 17th president of the Philippines since 2022. He is the second child ...
became a Senator from 2010 to 2016, and ran for the post of Vice President during the
2016 Philippine presidential election Presidential elections in the Philippines were held on May 9, 2016, as part of the 2016 Philippine general election, 2016 general election. This was the 16th direct presidential election in the country since 1935 Philippine presidential electio ...
, but narrowly lost to
Vice President A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vi ...
Leni Robredo Maria Leonor "Leni" Gerona Robredo (; Gerona; born April 23, 1965) is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 14th vice president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. She is the mayor-elect of Naga, Camarines Sur, having won the ...
. Following his defeat, he filed an electoral protest, which was dismissed in 2021 following a recount that had begun since 2018. He later ran for President in the
2022 Philippine presidential election Presidential elections in the Philippines were held on May 9, 2022, as part of the 2022 Philippine general election, 2022 general election. This was the 17th direct presidential election and 15th vice presidential election in the country since 19 ...
and won by a
landslide Landslides, also known as landslips, rockslips or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Landslides ...
over Robredo, marking the return of the Marcoses in the office after 36 years.


Marcos historical distortion

Historians, journalists, other observers of Philippine politics have noted that the political rehabilitation of the Marcoses has been made possible through " historical distortion"—a systematic effort to revise the public's perception of the history of martial law and the Marcos administration. Philippine government, civil society, and academic institutions such as the
National Historical Commission of the Philippines The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP; ) is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management ...
, the University of the Philippines Diliman Department of History, the Ateneo de Manila University, the
Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility The Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR) is a private, non-stock, non-profit foundation in the Philippines that has focused its endeavor on press freedom protection along with the establishment of a framework of responsibility fo ...
, the Philippine
Commission on Human Rights A human rights commission, also known as a human relations commission, is a body set up to investigate, promote or protect human rights. The term may refer to international, national or subnational bodies set up for this purpose, such as nationa ...
, and the Philippine government's
Presidential Commission on Good Government The Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) is a quasi-judicial government agency of the Philippines whose primary mandate is to recover the ill-gotten wealth accumulated by Ferdinand Marcos, his immediate family, relatives, subordi ...
say that the Marcos revisionist techniques or narratives perpetuated include: *
denial Denial, in colloquial English usage, has at least three meanings: * the assertion that any particular statement or allegation, whose truth is uncertain, is not true; * the refusal of a request; and * the assertion that a true statement is fal ...
or downplaying of the tortures and murders that took place during martial law; * the myth that the Marcos period was a "golden age" rather than a period of debt-driven growth and corruption-triggered collapse; * the myth that all the victims of martial law were
communists Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, d ...
or communist sympathizers; and * the myth that the children of Ferdinand Marcos, who reached the age of the majority a few years after the declaration of martial law—were too young to know about the abuses of the martial law era. Some historiographers such as Filomeno Aguilar Jr. attribute the rise of Marcos revisionism to the lack of comprehensive, in-depth scholarly work on the history of the Marcos family and of Martial Law. While there is a significant body of scholarly literature on these subjects, it mostly takes the form of collections of papers, rather than comprehensive scholarly works.


Political positions held


Presidents and spouses

*
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator, and Kleptocracy, kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled the c ...
: Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's Second District (1949–1959); member of the Philippine Senate (1959—1965); tenth
president of the Philippines The president of the Philippines (, sometimes referred to as ) is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-ch ...
(1965–1986). The rule of Ferdinand Marcos and his wife Imelda has been called a "
conjugal dictatorship ''The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos'' is a 1976 memoir written in exile by former press censor and propagandist Primitivo Mijares. It details the inner workings of Philippine martial law under Ferdinand Marcos from the ...
" that stole up to an estimated $10 billion to finance the couple's extravagant lifestyle. *
Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (, , ; born September 13, 1957), commonly referred to by the initials BBM or PBBM, is a Filipino politician who has served as the 17th president of the Philippines since 2022. He is the second child ...
: Vice governor of Ilocos Norte (1980–1983); governor of Ilocos Norte (1983–1986); member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's Second District (1992–1995); governor of Ilocos Norte (1998–2007); Senator of the Philippines (2010–2016); seventeenth
president of the Philippines The president of the Philippines (, sometimes referred to as ) is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-ch ...
(2022-) *
Imelda Marcos Imelda Romualdez Marcos (; born Imelda Remedios Visitación Trinidad Romuáldez; July 2, 1929) is a Filipino politician who was First Lady of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, wielding significant political power after her husband Ferdinand ...
(by
affinity Affinity may refer to: Commerce, finance and law * Affinity (law), kinship by marriage * Affinity analysis, a market research and business management technique * Affinity Credit Union, a Saskatchewan-based credit union * Affinity Equity Pa ...
): Governor of Metropolitan Manila (1975–1986); Mambabatas Pambansa from Region IV-A (1978–1984); unsuccessful candidate for President in
1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...
; member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Leyte's First District (1995–1998); member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's Second District (2010–2016). She was convicted of 7 counts of graft and corruption by the
Sandiganbayan The Sandiganbayan () is a special Appellate court, appellate collegial court in the Philippines that has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving Graft (politics), graft and corrupt practices and other offenses committed by public ...
anti-graft court on November 9, 2018. The word "Imeldific" was coined to describe her extravagance, greed, and frivolity. * Louise Araneta-Marcos: wife of Bongbong Marcos;
First Lady of the Philippines The first lady or first gentleman of the Philippines () is the courtesy title given to the host or hostess of Malacañang Palace, the residence of the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The title is traditionally held by t ...
(2022-)


Senators

* Imee Marcos: Assemblyman from Ilocos Norte (1984–1986); member of the Philippine House of Representatives from the second district of Ilocos Norte (1998–2007); governor of Ilocos Norte (2010–2019); member of the Philippine Senate (2019–present). A US court ruled in 1991 that Imee Marcos was liable for the death of student Archimedes Trajano.


House Representatives

*
Mariano Marcos Mariano Marcos y Rubio (; April 21, 1897 – March 8, 1945) was a lawyer, educator, and politician from Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. A Congressman from 1925 to 1931, he is best known for being the father of Ferdinand Marcos, who was the p ...
: Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's Second District (1925—1931). * Angelo Marcos Barba: Member of the Philippines House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's Second District (2019–present). * Ferdinand Alexander "Sandro" Marcos III: Member of the Philippines House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte's First District (2022–present).


Governors

* Elizabeth Marcos-Keon: Governor of Ilocos Norte (1971–1983) *
Michael Marcos Keon Michael Edward Marcos Keon (born September 22, 1954) is a Filipino politician. Keon is the son of Australian journalist Michael James Keon and Elizabeth E. Marcos-Keon, governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971 to 1983 and the nephew of former Phili ...
: Board Member of Ilocos Norte (2004–2007); governor of Ilocos Norte (2007–2010); mayor of
Laoag Laoag (), officially the City of Laoag (; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,651 people. It is the province's most populous settlement, ...
(2019–present) *
Matthew Marcos Manotoc Matthew Joseph Marcos Manotoc (born December 9, 1988) is a Filipino politician and athlete who serves as the governor of Ilocos Norte. He was a senior provincial board member from the second legislative district of Ilocos Norte from 2016 to 20 ...
: Senior Board Member, 2nd District of Ilocos Norte (2016–2019); governor of Ilocos Norte (2019–present)


Other prominent members

* Josefa Edralin Marcos (1893-1988): born Josefa Quetulio Edralin to Don Fructuoso Edralin y Carpio and Doña Emerenciana Quetulio y Taganas; was a school teacher and widow of Mariano and mother to Ferdinand; reputed to have served as chairperson of the board of more than a dozen companies during Ferdinand's 20-year presidency; left behind by the Marcoses at the Philippine Heart Center when they fled the country in February 1986; Died in 1988. *
Irene Marcos-Araneta Irene Romualdez Marcos-Araneta (; born Maria Victoria Irene Romualdez Marcos; September 16, 1960) is the third child of the late former president Ferdinand Marcos and former first lady Imelda Marcos. Her brother Bongbong Marcos is the curren ...
: The third of the Marcos siblings and the last biological child of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. * Aimee Marcos: The adopted daughter of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Known as "Little Aimee", treated as the couple's bunso (lastborn); the only member of the Marcos family to still be a minor when Martial Law was formally lifted in 1981, and when the Marcoses were deposed in 1986; drummer for indie band "The Dorques." *Andres Avelino Marcos Barba: Son of Col. Marcelino Barba and Fortuna Edralin Marcos, sister of Ferdinand Marcos. Avelino Barba's bodyguard allegedly shot and killed 17-year old Apolinario Buendia while Avelino Barba allegedly shot Buendia's parents during a fight over a girls volleyball match in Makati City in July 1978. *
Paolo Bediones Paolo Antonio Barba Bediones (born March 17, 1974) is a Filipino television host, newscaster, Radio personality, radio commentator and occasional actor. Bediones started his career as a commercial model, and later transitioned to television s ...
: Paolo, only male child among four offspring, was born to Rodolfo Pineda Bediones (from Roxas City, Capiz) and Maria Teresa Barba who separated when Paolo was still young. His mother Maria is the daughter of Fortuna Marcos-Barba (Paolo's maternal grandmother) who's the sister of the late President Ferdinand Marcos (Paolo's maternal granduncle) * Fernando Martin "Borgy" Marcos Manotoc: The son of Imee Marcos-Manotoc, a commercial model and entrepreneur. * Analisa Josefa Hegyesi Corr: The Australian-raised daughter of Ferdinand Marcos and former Sydney model, Evelin Hegyesi. Her second given name was taken after her grandmother, Ferdinand's mother, Josefa Edralin. Analisa is an accomplished interior designer; completing projects in London, Singapore, Sydney and Port Douglas, a commercial photographer, a successful residential property developer and dedicated equestrian; having competed in eventing, namely dressage and showjumping, around Australia and in England. Her mother Evelyn is the beneficiary of a foundation Marcos set up, according to documents on Swiss bank accounts holding funds stolen from the Philippine treasury.


See also

*
List of political families in the Philippines The following is a list of notable political families of the Philippines and their areas of influence. Names in bold indicate the individual was/is a president of the Philippines. The Philippine political arena is mainly arranged and operated by ...
* Julio Nalundasan * Implementation of Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos * Philippine Constitutional Convention of 1971 * Archimedes Trajano *
1987 Constitution of the Philippines The Constitution of the Philippines ( Filipino: ''Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas'' or ''Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas'') is the supreme law of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and rat ...
* Cacique democracy *
Martin Romualdez Ferdinand Martin Gomez Romualdez (, born November 14, 1963) is a Filipino businessman, lawyer, and politician who has served as the 24th Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, speaker of the House of Representatives since 2 ...


References

{{Political Dynasties of the Philippines Political families of the Philippines Ilocos Norte Ferdinand Marcos Imelda Marcos